scholarly journals The Potentials of Three Writing Modalities in Development and Sustained Development of Grammatical and Lexical Accuracy of Writing Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohre Mohamadi Zenouzagh
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Collaborative Writing ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Sustained Development ◽  
Grammatical Accuracy ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract This study investigated the development and sustained development of grammatical and lexical accuracy in three writing modalities of individual, collaborative and e-collaborative writing. To this end, 90 Iranian Intermediate EFL learners were selected according to the participants' scores on a writing pretest.. Participants were assigned into the research groups e on the basis of convenient sampling. The writing performances in three groups of individual, collaborative and e-collaborative writing performance were measured on pretest, posttest and delayed posttests. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that participants’ writing performance in individual writing F (5, 38) = 16.06, p = .000, partial η2 = .679 representing a large effect size) and collaborative writing (F (5, 38) = 17.64, p = .000, partial η2 = .699 representing a large effect size) were sustainably improved in terms of grammatical and lexical accuracy. MANOVA results also indicated that participants writing performances in E-collaborative writing (F (5, 38) = 8.64, p = .000, partial η2 = .532 representing a large effect size) were improved and the improvement was sustained with respect to grammatical accuracy but not lexical accuracy. The post hoc comparison indicated that that collaborative writing was the most effective mode of writing as far as grammatical and lexical accuracy were concerned. The results have significant implications for teaching practitioners.

Effect of prompt type on test-takers’ writing performance and writing strategy use in the continuation task

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-388
Author(s):  
Bibing Shi ◽  
Liyan Huang ◽  
Xiaofei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Writing Strategy ◽  
Grammatical Accuracy ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Source Use

The continuation task, a new form of reading-writing integrated task in which test-takers read an incomplete story and then write the continuation and ending of the story, has been increasingly used in writing assessment, especially in China. However, language-test developers’ understanding of the effects of important task-related factors on test-takers’ performance with regard to this task is still in its infancy. In this study we investigate the effect of prompt type on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ writing performance and writing strategy use in a continuation task. Four groups of Chinese EFL learners performed a continuation task with four different prompts and filled out a writing strategy questionnaire. The participants’ continuations were scored holistically and textually analyzed using a range of fluency, grammatical accuracy, lexical complexity, syntactic complexity, cohesion, and source-use features. Prompt type significantly affected the participants’ overall continuation writing scores, syntactic complexity, cohesion, and source-use features. It also significantly affected the participants’ monitoring strategy. We discuss how continuation-task conditions, such as providing opening sentences or key words (or both) for test-takers to use will affect how the test-takers orient themselves to the writing task and, concomitantly, may affect performance outcomes.

Caffeine supplementation for 4-day, followed by acute ingestion, did not impact triathlete output power after submaximal intensity exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Anderson Pontes Morales ◽  
Felipe Sampaio-Jorge ◽  
Thiago Barth ◽  
Alessandra Alegre De Matos ◽  
Luiz Felipe Da Cruz Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Acute Ingestion

Introduction: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that caffeine supplementation (6 mg·kg-1 body mass) for 4-days, followed by acute intake, would impact five male triathletes output power after performed submaximal intensity exercise. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, placebo (4-day) - placebo (acute) PP, placebo (4-days) -caffeine (acute) PC, and caffeine (4-day) - caffeine (acute) CC. Participants abstained from dietary caffeine sources for 4 days and ingested capsules containing either placebo or caffeine (6 mg.kg-1 body mass day in one absorption). The acute trials the capsules containing placebo or caffeine (6 mg.kg-1 body mass day in one absorption) were ingested 60min before completing exercise in a treadmill for 40min (80% VO2max) and to perform the Wingate test. Results: Blood lactate was determined before, 60min after ingestion, and immediately after the exercise on the treadmill, the Wingate test, and after the recovery (10-min). CC and PC trials did not change the cardiopulmonary variables (P>0.05) and the anaerobic power variables (peak/mean power output and fatigue index) (P>0.05). The PC trial compared with PP promoted improvements in the curve power output in 2 sec by 31.19% (large effect-size d = 1.08; P<0.05) and 3 sec by 20% (large effect-size d = 1.19; P<0.05). A 10min recovery was not sufficient to reduce blood lactate concentration in the PC trial compared with PP (PC, 13.73±2.66 vs. PP, 10.26±1.60 mmol.L-1; P<0.05, respectively) (P<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, these results indicate that caffeine supplementation (6 mg·kg-1 body mass) for 4 days, followed by acute ingestion, did not impact the triathletes output power after performed submaximal intensity exercise. Nutritional interventions may help researchers and athletes to adapt strategies for manipulating caffeine use.Key-words: caffeine metabolism, Wingate test, blood lactate, performance.

scholarly journals Specific Absolute Velocity Thresholds during Male Basketball Games Using Local Positional System; Differences between Age Categories

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4390
Author(s):  
Carlos Sosa ◽  
Alberto Lorenzo ◽  
Juan Trapero ◽  
Carlos Ribas ◽  
Enrique Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Positional System ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Distance Zone

The aim of this study was (I) to establish absolute specific velocity thresholds during basketball games using local positional system (LPS) and (II) to compare the speed profiles between various levels of competitions. The variables recorded were total distance (TD); meters per minute (m·min); real time (min); maximum speed (Km h−1), distance (m), percentage distance, and percentage duration invested in four speed zones (standing–walking; jogging; running; and high-speed running). Mean and standard deviation (±SD) were calculated, and a separate one-way analysis of variance was undertaken to identify differences between competitions. TD (3188.84 ± 808.37 m) is covered by standing–walking (43.51%), jogging (36.58%), running (14.68%), and sprinting (5.23%) activities. Overall, 75.22% of the time is invested standing–walking, jogging (18.43%), running (4.77%), and sprinting (1.89%). M·min (large effect size), % duration zone 2 (moderate effect size); distance zone 4 (large effect size), and % distance zone 4 (very large effect size) are significantly higher during junior than senior. However, % distance zone 1 (large effect size) and % duration zone 1 (large effect size) were largely higher during senior competition. The findings of this study reveal that most of the distance and play time is spent during walking and standing activities. In addition, the proportion of time spent at elevated intensities is higher during junior than in senior competition.

The effect of midodrine on lactate clearance in patients with septic shock: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effat Davoudi-Monfared ◽  
Mostafa Mohammadi ◽  
Meysam Khoshavi ◽  
Hossein Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
To Receive

Background: The effect of midodrine on lactate clearance has not been assessed in critically ill patients yet. Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the effect of adjunctive midodrine therapy on lactate clearance in patients with septic shock. Materials & methods: Patients with septic shock were assigned to receive either adjunctive midodrine 10 mg three-times a day for 5 days (midodrine group = 15 patients) or not (control group = 13 patients). Results: The lactate clearance was significantly faster in the midodrine group than the control group (p = 0.049) with a large effect size ([Formula: see text] = 0.141). Conclusion: When midodrine was added to intravenous vasopressors, it significantly accelerated lactate clearance in patients with septic shock. Trial registration number: IRCT20100228003449N25 (Clinicaltrials.gov).

Exploring the Morning Morality Effect in the context of moral utilitarianism: a post-hoc analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Trémolière ◽  
Corentin J Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Reflection ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Post Hoc

Recent research has shown mixed evidence for the morning morality effect (i.e., the observation that individuals are less immoral in the morning than in the afternoon). In the present research, we target the morning morality effect in the context of moral utilitarianism, by reanalyzing observational data previously collected by our lab. These data include different tasks capturing moral utilitarianism (i.e., standard sacrificial dilemmas, an ecological utilitarian scale, and/or dilemmas involving the morality of autonomous vehicles). We report a meta-analysis of 6 studies which showed that participants became less utilitarian as the day goes on, but with a small effect size (r = -0.14) and a large heterogeneity. Exploration of this heterogeneity showed that such a conclusion was statistically significant for classic sacrificial dilemmas only. Notably, even when restricting the analysis to the classic sacrificial dilemmas, a moderate inconsistency remained. Post-hoc analysis of an individual study showed that this small effect did not survive the inclusion of potentially confounding variables, such as psychopathy trait and cognitive reflection. Implications and limitations are discussed.

The effectiveness of a training program using communicative theory in developing some concepts of Web 3 for educational technology specialists.

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-96
Author(s):  
سيد طنطاوي
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Education Technology ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Communicative Theory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technology Specialists ◽  
Technology Specialist

The aim of this research is to develop some concepts of web3 for the education technology specialist, to present a proposed training program for web3 technology, to define the concepts and technology of web3. There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of education technology specialists in the pre and post applications to test the web3.0 concepts in favor of the post application. In light of the significance of the differences using the "T" tests, the square of ETA (2η) was calculated using the equation Eta square (2 η) to find the magnitude of the effect of the independent variable (training program) in the dependent variable (development of web3.0 concepts), and by calculating the value of the square of ETA (2)) (Al-Amiri, 2006, 233), reached (0.98), which indicates that the training program has a significant impact on the acquisition of some concepts of web3.0, where this value shows that the training program contributed (98%) of the total variance In developing these concepts,It is a large percentage indicating the effectiveness of the training program in developing web3.0 concepts for the target research sample, which is the education technology specialist (if the effect size = 0.2 is the effect is weak, and if the impact size = 0.5, the effect is moderate, and if the impact size is = 0.8 The effect is significant), (Asr, 2003). From the above it is clear that the training program contributed to the development of the targeted web3.0 concepts for education technology specialists, as it found a difference between the median of the pre and post applications to test the concepts of the web3.0 in favor of the post application at the research group, which averaged (51,85) compared to (16) , 75) for pre-application, with a large effect size of (0.98) according to the ETA square measure (2η) of the effect size.

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