scholarly journals Genetic Dissection of the Breakdown of Durable Resistance in Indica Rice Variety PTB33 to Brown Planthoppers Nilaparvata Lugens (Stål)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shusaku Tabata ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yamagata ◽  
Daisuke Fujita ◽  
Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura ◽  
Masaya Matsumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Resistance Qtls

Abstract BackgroundTo avoid and delay the resistance breakdown of varieties against pathogens and insect pests, broad-spectrum and durable resistance by multiple genes pyramiding are expected to be one of the practical approaches. The indica rice variety PTB33 (Oryza sativa L.) shows high and durable resistance to the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stål). However, this variety gradually lost its resistance against the recent virulence development of BPH. However, breakdown processes are not fully elucidated by individual genetic loci. ResultsEffective QTLs were explored across the whole genomic region against four BPH populations collected in Japan in 1988, 1989, 1999, and 2013 using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained by genotyping-by-sequencing. Among seven genomic regions of PTB33 likely conferring BPH resistance, four QTLs, qFSA4a, qFSA6, qFSA11, and qFSA12 on chromosomes 4, 6, 11, and 12, respectively, were validated as BPH resistance QTLs. The PTB33 alleles at the four QTLs positively contributed to BPH resistance. Infestation of monogenic segregating lines showed that the PTB33 alleles at qFSA11, qFSA12, and qFSA4a lost resistance effects at least in 1989, 1999, and 2013, respectively. ConclusionThis study showed breakdown of durable resistance in PTB33 was explained by step-by-step losses of genetic effects at each resistance locus and probably multiple acquisitions of virulence genes in BPH in a gene-by-gene specific manner.

scholarly journals Conventional and Molecular Studies of Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) Resistance Genes in Rice: A Basis for Future Study of Natural Insect Resistance Genes Using Molecular Markers in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem N. Sharma ◽  
Naoki Mori ◽  
Shigeo Takumi ◽  
Chiharu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Monogenic Resistance ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Rice productivity is greatly affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Insect-pests are one of the major bioticconstraints to cause significant losses in rice production. Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, isthe most serious insect-pest of rice in Asia where most of the world rice is produced. Controlling insects usingchemicals is already proven detrimental not only to environment but also to human health. Integrated PestManagement (IPM) is the best approach to control insect pests. Host plant resistance is the principal componentof IPM along with biological, cultural and physical methods. Use of varietal resistance is the best option to controlBPH. Many BPH resistant rice varieties with natural BPH resistance have been developed and widely used againstBPH. However, frequent breakdown of monogenic resistance by new BPH biotypes has been a serious threat tocontrol BPH. To overcome such difficulty in the use of monogenic resistance, development of durable resistanceis needed as the sustainable means to control BPH. To develop durable resistance, pyramiding of BPH resistancegenes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs), through marker-assisted method, is needed. For this, many BPH resistancegenes and QTLs have already been identified and mapped on rice chromosomes. This article reviews identification,mapping and pyramiding toward successful cloning of BPH resistance genes/QTLs and provides the basis/guidelines to work on natural insect resistance genes using molecular markers in Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12032Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 145-156

scholarly journals High resolution mapping and candidate gene identification of downy mildew race 16 resistance in spinach

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gehendra Bhattarai ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Ainong Shi ◽  
Chunda Feng ◽  
Braham Dhillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
Mildew Resistance

Abstract Background Downy mildew, the most devastating disease of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), is caused by the oomycete Peronospora effusa [=P. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae]. The P. effusa shows race specificities to the resistant host and comprises 19 reported races and many novel isolates. Sixteen new P. effusa races were identified during the past three decades, and the new pathogen races are continually overcoming the genetic resistances used in commercial cultivars. A spinach breeding population derived from the cross between cultivars Whale and Lazio was inoculated with P. effusa race 16 in an environment-controlled facility; disease response was recorded and genotyped using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). The main objective of this study was to identify resistance-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the cultivar Whale against the P. effusa race 16. Results Association analysis conducted using GBS markers identified six significant SNPs (S3_658,306, S3_692697, S3_1050601, S3_1227787, S3_1227802, S3_1231197). The downy mildew resistance locus from cultivar Whale was mapped to a 0.57 Mb region on chromosome 3, including four disease resistance candidate genes (Spo12736, Spo12784, Spo12908, and Spo12821) within 2.69–11.28 Kb of the peak SNP. Conclusions Genomewide association analysis approach was used to map the P. effusa race 16 resistance loci and identify associated SNP markers and the candidate genes. The results from this study could be valuable in understanding the genetic basis of downy mildew resistance, and the SNP marker will be useful in spinach breeding to select resistant lines.

scholarly journals Ketahanan padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IPB 3S terhadap wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Andi Nurdaaniyah ◽  
Dadang Dadang ◽  
I Wayan Winasa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Rice Plants

<p>Brown planthopper (<em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> (Stål)) is one of the major rice insect pests that is known to cause high loss of rice production. One of the strategies to control this pest is by using resistant rice varieties. The aim of this research was to study the resistance of IPB 3S variety to BPH by measuring BPH fecundity, sex ratio, feeding activity as well as population increase compared to Ciherang variety against brown planthopper (<em>N. lugens</em>). Fecundity test used a pair of BPH adult infested on 21 days after planting (DAP) of rice plants. Eggs laid in rice stalks and the rest of eggs in the ovary were counted. In order to know the change of sex ratio, a pair of BPH adults was infested on 30 DAP rice plants and allowed to lay eggs. The calculation of sex ratio was conducted at adult stage of BPH by segregation between male and female adults. Feeding activity of BPH was evaluated using ninhydrin and analyzed qualitatively using spectrophotometer. Ten fourth instar nymphs of BPH was infested on 30 DAP old of rice seedlings. Honeydew secreted by BPH was collected to filter paper sprayed with ninhydrin. Population increased test was conducted by infesting five pairs of BPH adults on 35 DAP old rice plants. Observations was conducted on nymph and adult stages. Each test was replicated 10 times. In general, IPB 3S is slightly resistant to BPH, compared to Ciherang variety. The feeding activity of BPH is higher in Ciherang compared to IPB3S. However, the fecundity and population increased of BPH in Ciherang is similar to IPB3S.</p>

scholarly journals Mapping of Resistance Genes to Brown Planthopper in Untup Rajab, an Indonesian Local Rice Variety

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Muhamad Yunus ◽  
Diani Damayanti ◽  
Ahmad Dadang ◽  
Ahmad Warsun ◽  
Dani Satyawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Test Population

<p>Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major rice pest in Indonesia. The most economical and effective approach to control the insect pest is by using resistant varieties. Exploring for resistance genes is, therefore, a prerequisite for effective breeding program for BPH resistance. This study aimed to map BPH resistance genes in Untup Rajab, an Indonesian local rice variety. Genetic map was constructed using an F2 population from a cross between TN-1 and Untup Rajab, and SNP markers from RiceLD SNP Chip. Phenotyping was performed using bulk seedling test on F2:3 seedlings against two BPH populations, i.e. X1 and S1. Four QTLs<br />were identified on chromosomes 5, 6, 8, and 11 with PVE values of 7.63%, 9.40%, 17.66%, and 3.05%, respectively. Relatively normal distribution of resistance phenotype and the relatively low PVE values indicate that Untup Rajab has a quantitative resistance to BPH with two different resistance loci identified for each BPH test population. The QTL on chromosome 8 overlaps with OsHI-LOX gene, which is associated with resistance to BPH, and adjacent to another QTL for resistance to green leafhopper. The QTL on chromosome 6 was found near OsPLDα4 and OsPLDα5 genes which are related to BPH resistance. Meanwhile, the QTL intervals on chromosome 5 and 11 did not overlap with any known BPH QTLs or genes, which make them attractive candidates for novel BPH resistance gene discovery.</p>

scholarly journals Recent Strategies for Detection and Improvement of Brown Planthopper Resistance Genes in Rice: A Review

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Bello Sani Haliru ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Norida Mazlan ◽  
Shairul Izan Ramlee ◽  
Isma’ila Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistant Genes

Brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is considered the main rice insect pest in Asia. Several BPH-resistant varieties of rice have been bred previously and released for large-scale production in various rice-growing regions. However, the frequent surfacing of new BPH biotypes necessitates the evolution of new rice varieties that have a wide genetic base to overcome BPH attacks. Nowadays, with the introduction of molecular approaches in varietal development, it is possible to combine multiple genes from diverse sources into a single genetic background for durable resistance. At present, above 37 BPH-resistant genes/polygenes have been detected from wild species and indica varieties, which are situated on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Five BPH gene clusters have been identified from chromosomes 3, 4, 6, and 12. In addition, eight BPH-resistant genes have been successfully cloned. It is hoped that many more resistance genes will be explored through screening of additional domesticated and undomesticated species in due course.

Relationships of brown planthopper resistance to tungro virus and grain characteristics in rice

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. V. Prasad ◽  
M. V. S. Sastry ◽  
J. R. K. Rao ◽  
A. Ghosh ◽  
Y. Kondala Rao
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Brown Planthopper Resistance

Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), is one of the most serious insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.) throughout Asia. Introduction of resistant varieties could be an effective means of minimizing losses from the pest. Several hundred rice cultivars resistant to the pest have been identified and the genetics of resistance has been analysed. Studies have shown that the genes for resistance to brown planthopper, bph-4, and to green leafhopper, Glh-3, are linked (Sidhu & Khush, 1979). Ideka & Kaneda (1983) reported that bph-2 for brown planthopper resistance was linked with the gene d2 for dwarfness. The present study sought to ascertain relationships between resistance to brown planthopper and tungro virus and grain characteristics.

Regional population differences of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) in Cambodia using genotyping-by-sequencing

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
M. Matsukawa ◽  
Mikako Tasaki ◽  
Kazuyuki Doi ◽  
Kasumi Ito ◽  
Kazuhito Kawakita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Yellow Sticky Trap ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

AbstractThe brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stål (BPH) can be found year-round in tropical region and causes severe damage to rice. Although there has been documented BPH damage to rice crops in the past decade in Cambodia, the extent of this epidemic is poorly understood. Here, we examined the time variation of BPH population in the abundance of morphotypes in 13 main rice-producing provinces (86 sites) by aspirator method and in the Takeo Province (five sites) by yellow sticky trap method. At least three generations were observed during the 3-month collection period in the rainy growing season. Regarding the occurrence of BPH morphotypes, in July the macropterous adults were restricted to south Cambodia and in August all morphotypes, adults (macropterous and brachypterous) and nymphs, appeared in all sampling sites. To explain the difference of regional distribution, the genetic differentiation was analyzed in south and northwest Cambodia (three sites) by using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) using next-generation sequencing. The 2455 SNPs obtained by GBS clarified the three sub-populations and they corresponded to the expected dissemination patterns. These results provide a clue to understand the differentiation and epidemic of BPH in Cambodia.

The influence of host-plant on the development of the adult brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), and its significance in migration

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Padgham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

AbstractThe development of adults of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) reared on one susceptible and one resistant variety of rice plants of different ages was compared. Throughout the range of plants tested there was an overall trend for the newly moulted adult to synthesise and store a reserve of lipid and to lose most of the stored glycogen accumulated during the nymphal stage. N. lugens has two wing morphs, and whilst lipid deposits were greatest in the macropterous ‘migrant’ males, in females it was the brachypterous ‘reproductive’ insects that had the highest lipid deposits and also the greatest residual body weight. However, because of their lower body weight, the macropterous females had the greater percentage of lipid. Both flight willingness and the percentage of macropterous females showing flight-orientated physiological development increased with the age of the host-plant. Both survival and migration potential were lower in insects reared on the resistant rice variety compared to those reared on the susceptible variety. The pattern of post-flight resynthesis of fuels suggests that more than one major migration is unlikely.

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