scholarly journals DnaJ, A Promising Vaccine Candidate Against Ureaplasma Urealyticum Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyi Guo ◽  
Yanhong Tang ◽  
Wenjun Zhang ◽  
Hongxia Yuan ◽  
Jing Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Rapid Emergence ◽  
Promising Vaccine Candidate

Abstract Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) is an important sexually transmitted pathogen that is responsible for diseases such as non-gonococcal urethritis, chorioamnionitis and neonatal respiratory diseases. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria threatens the effective treatment of U. urealyticum infections. Considering this, vaccination could be an efficacious medical intervention to prevent U. urealyticum infection and disease. As a highly conserved molecular chaperone, DnaJ is expressed and upregulated by pathogens soon after infection. Here, we assessed the potential of recombinant DnaJ vaccine in a mouse model and dendritic cells (DCs). Results: The results showed that intramuscular administration of recombinant DnaJ induced robust humoral- and T helper (Th) 1 cell-mediated immune responses and protected against cervical infection, inflammation, and the pathologic sequelae after U. urealyticum infection. Importantly, DnaJ also induced the maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), ultimately promoting naïve T-cell differentiation towards the Th1 phenotype. In addition, adoptive immunisation of DnaJ-pulsed BMDCs elicited antigen-specific immunoglobulin G2 antibodies as well as a Th1-biased cellular response in mice. Conclusion: We concluded that DnaJ can be a promising vaccine candidate to control U. urealyticum infections.

scholarly journals Too much of a good thing: Adaption to iron (II) intoxication in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misty D Thomas ◽  
Akamu J Ewunkem ◽  
Sada Boyd ◽  
Danielle K Williams ◽  
Adiya Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Excess Iron ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
K 12

Abstract Background There has been an increased usage of metallic antimicrobial materials to control pathogenic and multidrug resistant bacteria. Yet, there is a corresponding need to know if this usage leads to genetic adaptations that could produce more harmful strains. Methodology Experimental evolution was used to adapt Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 to excess iron (II) with subsequent genomic analysis. Phenotypic assays and gene expression studies were conducted to demonstrate pleiotropic effects associated with this adaptation and to elucidate potential cellular responses. Results After 200 days of adaptation, populations cultured in excess iron (II), showed a significant increase in 24-hour optical densities compared to controls. Furthermore, these populations showed increased resistance towards other metals (iron (III) and gallium (III)) and to traditional antibiotics (bacitracin, rifampin, chloramphenicol and sulfanilamide). Genomic analysis identified selective sweeps in three genes; fecA, ptsP and ilvG unique to the iron (II) resistant populations, and gene expression studies demonstrated that their cellular response may be to downregulate genes involved in iron transport (cirA and fecA) while increasing the oxidative stress response (oxyR, soxS and soxR) prior to FeSO4 exposure. Conclusions and Implications Together, this indicates that the selected populations can quickly adapt to stressful levels of iron (II). This study is unique in that it demonstrates that E. coli can adapt to environments that contain excess levels of an essential micronutrient while also demonstrating the genomic foundations of the response and the pleiotropic consequences. The fact that adaptation to excess iron also causes increases in general antibiotic resistance is a serious concern.

scholarly journals Isolation of Lichens associated Actinomycetes: Determining its antibacterial activity against Multi drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1489-1509
Author(s):  
VidhyaSri AR ◽  
◽  
Dr. Thamarai Selvi B ◽  
Sanjay Prasad S ◽  
Karkuvelraja R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Rapid Emergence

The rapid emergence of drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria, especially multidrug-Resistant bacteria, underlines the need to search for new antibiotics. In the present study, actinomycetes were isolated from lichens collected from coconut trees. The actinomycetes were investigated for antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumonia in order to identify the potential antibiotic producers.MIC was determined and the organism was identified using 16s rRNA sequencing. Crude action extracts showed 11mm and 9mm against MRSA and Klebsiella pneumonia. The isolated actinomycetes were found to be Streptomyces hygro scopicus subspecies. GC-MS analysis identified several novel compounds. Thus, the isolated actinomycetes can be used for the development of new antibiotics for the treatment of MDR infection.

C-terminal Lysine-Linked Magainin 2 with Increased Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 738-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban N. Lorenzón ◽  
Norival A. Santos-Filho ◽  
Matheus A. S. Ramos ◽  
Tais M. Bauab ◽  
Ilana L. B. C. Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Increased Activity

Effects of Probiotics in the Management of Infected Chronic Wounds: From Cell Culture to Human Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Brognara Lorenzo ◽  
Salmaso Luca ◽  
Mazzotti Antonio ◽  
Di M. Alberto ◽  
Faldini Cesare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Keywords Probiotics

Background: Chronic wounds are commonly associated with polymicrobial biofilm infections. In the last years, the extensive use of antibiotics has generated several antibiotic-resistant variants. To overcome this issue, alternative natural treatments have been proposed, including the use of microorganisms like probiotics. The aim of this manuscript was to review current literature concerning the application of probiotics for the treatment of infected chronic wounds. Methods: Relevant articles were searched in the Medline database using PubMed and Scholar, using the keywords “probiotics” and “wound” and “injuries”, “probiotics” and “wound” and “ulcer”, “biofilm” and “probiotics” and “wound”, “biofilm” and “ulcer” and “probiotics”, “biofilm” and “ulcer” and “probiotics”, “probiotics” and “wound”. Results: The research initially included 253 articles. After removal of duplicate studies, and selection according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 research articles were included and reviewed, accounting for 12 in vitro, 8 in vivo studies and 2 human studies (three articles dealing with animal experiments included also in vitro testing). Most of the published studies about the effects of probiotics for the treatment of infected chronic wounds reported a partial inhibition of microbial growth, biofilm formation and quorum sensing. Discussion: The application of probiotics represents an intriguing option in the treatment of infected chronic wounds with multidrug-resistant bacteria; however, current results are difficult to compare due to the heterogeneity in methodology, laboratory techniques, and applied clinical protocols. Lactobacillus plantarum currently represents the most studied strain, showing a positive application in burns compared to guideline treatments, and an additional mean in chronic wound infections. Conclusions: Although preliminary evidence supports the use of specific strains of probiotics in certain clinical settings such as infected chronic wounds, large, long-term clinical trials are still lacking, and further research is needed.

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