scholarly journals The cross-scale correlations between individuals and nations in COVID-19 mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yu-Rong She ◽  
Guang-Hui She ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Zhen-Su She
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Medical Supply ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Older Populations

Abstract It is challenging to quantitatively clarify the determining medical and social factors of COVID-19 mortality, which varied by 2-3 orders of magnitude across countries. Here, we present evidence that the whole-cycle patterns of mortality follow a logistic law for 52 countries. A universal linear law is found between the ICU time in the early stage and the most important quantity regarding the epidemic: its duration. Saturation mortality is found to have a power law relationship with median age and bed occupancy, which quantitatively explains the great variation in mortality based on the two key thresholds of median age (=38) and bed occupancy (=15%). We predict that deaths will be reduced by 36% when the number of beds is doubled for countries with older populations. Facing the next wave of the epidemic, this model can make early predictions on the epidemic duration and medical supply reservation.

scholarly journals The cross-scale correlations between individuals and nations in COVID-19 mortality

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yu-Rong She ◽  
Guang-Hui She ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Zhen-Su She
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Medical Supply ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Older Populations

Abstract It is challenging to quantitatively clarify the determining medical and social factors of COVID-19 mortality, which varied by 2-3 orders of magnitude across countries. Here, we present evidence that the whole-cycle patterns of mortality follow a logistic law for 52 countries. A universal linear law is found between the ICU time in the early stage and the most important quantity regarding the epidemic: its duration. Saturation mortality is found to have a power law relationship with median age and bed occupancy, which quantitatively explains the great variation in mortality based on the two key thresholds of median age (=38) and bed occupancy (=15%). We predict that deaths will be reduced by 36% when the number of beds is doubled for countries with older populations. Facing the next wave of the epidemic, this model can make early predictions on the epidemic duration and medical supply reservation.

scholarly journals Underway velocity measurements in the Alderney Race: towards a three-dimensional representation of tidal motions

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2178) ◽  
pp. 20190491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Sentchev ◽  
Thinh Duc Nguyen ◽  
Lucille Furgerot ◽  
Pascal Bailly du Bois
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Profile Shape ◽  
Power Law Exponent ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flood Flow

The Alderney Race, located northwest of the Cotentin Peninsula (France), is a site with high tidal-stream energy potential. Circulation through the Alderney Race is complex, with current speed exceeding 3 m s −1 at neap tide. Towed acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements and static point velocity measurements were performed in July 2018 focusing on assessment of circulation and vertical structure of tidal currents. Transect surveys revealed peculiar features of local dynamics such as change in location of the tidal jet on ebb and flood flow. The spatial expanse of the tidal jet was quantified and regions with largely sheared or nearly homogeneous velocity distributions were identified on the cross-sections. Velocity profiles acquired along the cross-sections were accurately characterized using a power law. The spatial variability of the power-law exponent α was found to be large and correlated with the tidal conditions. The largest variation in profile shape was observed in the northern sector and assumed to be generated by the current interaction with a bathymetric constriction. The velocity profiles were found to vary from highly sheared on flood flow to nearly homogeneous on ebb flow, with corresponding range of power-law exponent α variation from 6 to 14. In the southern sector, over a relatively smooth bathymetry, the velocity profile shape was accurately approximated using the 1/7 power law with a range of variation of α from 6.5 to 8, with respect to the tidal conditions. To our knowledge, this is the largest field survey done using towed ADCP and the results could represent a significant advance in tidal site characterization and provide advanced information to turbine developers. This article is part of the theme issue ‘New insights on tidal dynamics and tidal energy harvesting in the Alderney Race'.

Fault Diagnosis of MOVA Based on Evidence Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 2685-2688
Author(s):  
Ai Hua Zhou ◽  
Hong Song ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Zheng Wei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Power System Reliability ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Insulation Coordination ◽  
Different Sources

The health of MOVA is very important for power system reliability and insulation coordination studies.MOVA is subjected to different kinds of stresses in services, which will cause degradation at early stage or in the long run.This paper present evidence theory for fault diagnosis of MOVA. Evidence theory can simultaneously analyze information from different sources,draw comprehensive conclusions,reduce single information misjudgment. In this paper, resistive leakage current and infrared imaging make up two types of evidence body for judge. Analysis of experimental data shows that this method can effectively detect early fault of the MOVA.

A cross-linguistic study on the linguistic expressions of Cantonese and English requests

Pragmatics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Direct Sequence ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Native English Speaking

This study investigates the cross-linguistic devices of requests written by native English-speaking (NSE) and native Cantonese-speaking (NCS) respondents in an academic context on the basis of 197 discourse completion tests. Both groups asked in a direct sequence accompanied by a different proportion of syntactic and lexical devices to reduce directness. NES used a higher frequency and a wider range of syntactic downgraders than NCS. NCS, however, used a higher frequency of lexical downgraders and a greater number of combinations of lexical devices than NES. The cross-linguistic comparison of the linguistic features of Cantonese and Engish requests demonstrates how the distinctive linguistic properties of each language and social factors combine to constitute a request. Further investigation could be made between idealized and authentic English and Cantonese requests for a range of age groups and contexts, or to compare the linguistic forms of requests made by NCS in English with the linguistic forms of requests made by NES in Cantonese.

Liquid spreading on superhydrophilic micropillar arrays

2011 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEONG JIN KIM ◽  
MYOUNG-WOON MOON ◽  
KWANG-RYEOL LEE ◽  
DAE-YOUNG LEE ◽  
YOUNG SOO CHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bulk Flow ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Liquid Spreading ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Micropillar Array ◽  
Micropillar Arrays ◽  
Superhydrophilic Surfaces

When a drop is deposited on a superhydrophilic micropillar array, the upper part of the drop (referred to as the bulk) collapses while the bottom part penetrates into the gaps of the array, forming a fringe film. Here we quantify the early stage dynamics of this process using a combination of experiment and theory. We show that the circular front of the fringe film spreads like t1/2, t being time, when coupled to the bulk flow. However, the film is found to advance like t1/3 through faceted zippering in the absence of the bulk. We then show that the spreading of the bulk and the entire drop footprint follows a power law (t1/4) that is different from Washburn's law. This work can be a starting point to completely understand the spreading of liquids on superhydrophilic surfaces and opens questions specific to superwetting behaviour including the criteria to determine whether the fringe film will expand through lateral zipping or advance radially outwards.

Facework strategies and the achievement of multiple goals in a court martial cross-examination in the film A Few Good Men

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-370
Author(s):  
Maria Milagros del Saz-Rubio ◽  
Carmen Gregori-Signes
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Multiple Goals ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Film Language ◽  
Communicative Activity

Following recent trends of research into television and film language that is being undertaken in various sub-disciplines of linguistics (Piazza et al. 2011), this article describes the nature of the interaction that takes place in the cross-examination of Colonel Jessep in the film ‘A Few Good Men’. The dialogue is from the last scene of the film and it exemplifies how the attorney manages to get the truth out of an uncooperative witness. It is not, however, only the outcome of the interaction itself that is of interest, but the process through which this is reached. By analyzing in detail the facework strategies enacted by the participants in the interaction towards themselves and others (Goffman 1967; Penman 1990), as well as the conspicuous intrusions of social factors, such as power and social status, into language structure (Brown and Levinson 1987, 179), we hope to have proved that there is more to this type of discourse than the mere exchange of information (Lakoff 1989). This is partly due to its confrontational nature and to its being multifunctional with regard to goals. Underlying the analysis is the intention to illustrate how the careful and crafted use and manipulation of language is context- and goal(s)-dependent and lies at the heart of the negotiation of our communicative goals. The dialogue analyzed illustrates how a miscalculated assessment of one’s rights and obligations in a specific type of communicative activity (Levinson 1992) can prove fatal and negatively influence our own portrayal as (in)competent speakers.

Bio-signatures in metabasaltic glass of a Caledonian ophiolite, West Norway

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARALD FURNES ◽  
KARLIS MUEHLENBACHS ◽  
TERJE TORSVIK ◽  
OLE TUMYR ◽  
LANG SHI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Basaltic Rocks ◽  
Facies Metamorphism ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Greenschist Facies Metamorphism

Evidence of bioalteration of natural basaltic rocks, presently receiving much attention, has so far been restricted to in situ oceanic crust and ophiolites in which fresh glass is still present. Here we present evidence of preserved bio-signatures in the chilled margin of pillow lavas of an old (443 Ma) ophiolite that has suffered pervasive lower greenschist facies metamorphism and deformation. X-ray mapping of initial alteration zones shows the remains of organic carbon associated with highly-concentrated Fe and S. Bioproduction of CO2 is further reflected in the low δ13C values of calcite extracted from pillow rims, compatible with microbe-induced fractionation during oxidation of organic matter. We attribute these effects to growth of sulphate-reducing bacteria at the early stage of ophiolite formation. During energy metabolism these bacteria reduce sulphate to H2S and oxidize organic matter to CO2 . Hydrogen sulphide will eventually react with iron and form pyrite, and carbon dioxide is precipitated as calcium carbonate. The results of this study may thus trigger the search for bio-signatures in glassy volcanic rocks of any age.

scholarly journals Computing Neutron Capture Rates in Neutron-Degenerate Matter

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Bryn Knight ◽  
Liliana Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Analytical Integration ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Capture Rates

Neutron captures are likely to occur in the crust of accreting neutron stars (NSs). Their rate depends on the thermodynamic state of neutrons in the crust. At high densities, neutrons are degenerate. We find degeneracy corrections to neutron capture rates off nuclei, using cross sections evaluated with the reaction code TALYS. We numerically integrate the relevant cross sections over the statistical distribution functions of neutrons at thermodynamic conditions present in the NS crust. We compare our results to analytical calculations of these corrections based on a power-law behavior of the cross section. We find that although an analytical integration can simplify the calculation and incorporation of the results for nucleosynthesis networks, there are uncertainties caused by departures of the cross section from the power-law approach at energies close to the neutron chemical potential. These deviations produce non-negligible corrections that can be important in the NS crust.

scholarly journals Transition from Self-Organized Criticality into Self-Organization during Sliding Si3N4 Balls against Nanocrystalline Diamond Films

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Bogatov ◽  
Podgursky ◽  
Vagiström ◽  
Yashin ◽  
Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Force ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nanocrystalline Diamond ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Reciprocating Sliding ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Organized Criticality

The paper investigates the variation of friction force (Fx) during reciprocating sliding tests on nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films. The analysis of the friction behavior during the run-in period is the focus of the study. The NCD films were grown using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW-PECVD) on single-crystalline diamond SCD(110) substrates. Reciprocating sliding tests were conducted under 500 and 2000 g of normal load using Si3N4 balls as a counter body. The friction force permanently varies during the test, namely Fx value can locally increase or decrease in each cycle of sliding. The distribution of friction force drops (dFx) was extracted from the experimental data using a specially developed program. The analysis revealed a power-law distribution f-µ of dFx for the early stage of the run-in with the exponent value (µ) in the range from 0.6 to 2.9. In addition, the frequency power spectrum of Fx time series follows power-law distribution f-α with α value in the range of 1.0–2.0, with the highest values (1.6–2.0) for the initial stage of the run-in. No power-law distribution of dFx was found for the later stage of the run-in and the steady-state periods of sliding with the exception for periods where a relatively extended decrease of coefficient of friction (COF) was observed. The asperity interlocking leads to the stick-slip like sliding at the early stage of the run-in. This tribological behavior can be related to the self-organized criticality (SOC). The emergence of dissipative structures at the later stages of the run-in, namely the formation of ripples, carbonaceous tribolayer, etc., can be associated with the self-organization (SO).

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