scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Targeted Metabolomic Analysis Identifies Genes Controlling for Early Bolting and Flowering in Angelica Sinensis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengfei Li ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Ruyu Yao ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Hua Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Western China ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Angelica Sinensis ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Flowering Genes ◽  
Transcript Profiles ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Bolting And Flowering

Abstract Background: The root of the perennial herb Angelica sinensis is a widely used source for traditional Chinese medicines. While the plant thrives in cool-moist regions of western China, early bolting and flowering (EBF) for young plants, significantly reduces root quality and yield. Approaches to inhibit EBF by changes in physiology during the vernalization process have been investigated, however the mechanism for activating EBF has not been identified. Here, transcript profiles for bolted and unbolted plants (BP and UBP, respectively) are compared.Results: A total of over 72,000 unigenes were detected with ca. 2,600 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) observed in the BP compared with UBP. While various signaling pathways participate in flower induction, it is genes associated with floral development and the sucrose pathway that are observed to be coordinated in EBF plants, to coherently up and down regulate flowering genes that activate and inhibit flowering, respectively. Down-stream signal accumulation including gibberellic acids and sucrose metabolites were also monitored by HPLC-MS/MS for EBF plants.Conclusions: The signature transcripts pattern for the developmental pathways that drive flowering provides insight into the molecular signals that activate plant EBF.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Controls for Early Bolting and Flowering in Angelica sinensis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1931
Author(s):  
Mengfei Li ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jianhe Wei ◽  
Paul W. Paré
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Western China ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Angelica Sinensis ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Flowering Genes ◽  
Transcript Profiles ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Bolting And Flowering

The root of the perennial herb Angelica sinensis is a widely used source for traditional Chinese medicines. While the plant thrives in cool-moist regions of western China, early bolting and flowering (EBF) for young plants significantly reduces root quality and yield. Approaches to inhibit EBF by changes in physiology during the vernalization process have been investigated; however, the mechanism for activating EBF is still limited. Here, transcript profiles for bolted and unbolted plants (BP and UBP, respectively) were compared by transcriptomic analysis, expression levels of candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR, and the accumulations of gibberellins (GA1, GA4, GA8, GA9 and GA20) were also monitored by HPLC-MS/MS. A total of over 72,000 unigenes were detected with ca. 2600 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) observed in the BP compared with UBP. While various signaling pathways participate in flower induction, it is genes associated with floral development and the sucrose pathway that are observed to be coordinated in EBF plants, coherently up- and down-regulating flowering genes that activate and inhibit flowering, respectively. The signature transcripts pattern for the developmental pathways that drive flowering provides insight into the molecular signals that activate plant EBF.

Three Buddhist Texts from Dunhuang

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 265-278
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Goble
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Western China ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
Immoral Behavior ◽  
Textual Production ◽  
Divine Retribution ◽  
Composite Nature ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract“Three Buddhist Texts from Dunhuang” provides an introduction to and translation of texts that are representative of the larger genre of Chinese Buddhist medical literature. These examples are indigenous Chinese Buddhist scriptures dating to the early ninth century. They were recovered in the early twentieth century at Dunhuang in western China. Although they often draw from Indian Buddhist sources, these texts are local Chinese products and are characterized by etiologies and therapeutics drawn from both Indian Buddhist traditions and Chinese worldviews. In these texts, disease is alternately the result of personal immorality, divine retribution, and collective misconduct. The prescribed therapies are also multiple, but consistently social in nature. These include worshiping buddhas and Buddhist deities, performing repentance rituals, copying Buddhist scriptures, sponsoring meals, and refraining from immoral behavior. As manuscripts essentially discoveredin situ, these texts provide valuable insight into on-the-ground worldviews, concerns, practices, and institutions in far western China. With their composite nature, drawing from established Indian Buddhist scriptures, folk beliefs, and governmental fiats, they are also suggestive of the strategies behind indigenous textual production.

scholarly journals RNA-Seq analysis of genes affected by Cyclophilin A/DIAGEOTROPICA (DGT) in tomato root development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria G. Ivanchenko ◽  
Olivia R. Ozguc ◽  
Stephanie R. Bollmann ◽  
Valerie N. Fraser ◽  
Molly Megraw
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Cyclophilin A ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Initial Comparison ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractCyclophilin A/DIAGEOTROPICA (DGT) has been linked to auxin-regulated development in tomato and appears to affect multiple developmental pathways. Loss of DGT function results in a pleiotropic phenotype that is strongest in the roots, including shortened roots with no lateral branching. Here, we present an RNA-Seq dataset comparing the gene expression profiles of wildtype (‘Ailsa Craig’) and dgt tissues from three spatially separated developmental stages of the tomato root tip, with three replicates for each tissue and genotype. We also identify differentially expressed genes, provide an initial comparison of genes affected in each genotype and tissue, and provide the pipeline used to analyze the data. Further analysis of this dataset can be used to gain insight into the effects of DGT on various root developmental pathways in tomato.

scholarly journals New insight into the joint significance of dietary jujube polysaccharides and 6-gingerol in antioxidant and antitumor activities

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 33219-33234
Author(s):  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Ruiping Gao ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Yongde Wang ◽  
Yang Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicines ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Insight Into

The combinatorial use of dietary jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and ginger play a critical role in traditional Chinese medicines, folk medicine and dietary therapy.

scholarly journals Comparative evolution of vegetative branching in sorghum

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255922
Author(s):  
WenQian Kong ◽  
Pheonah Nabukalu ◽  
T. Stan Cox ◽  
Valorie Goff ◽  
Jon S. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Flowering Genes ◽  
Quantitative Trait Analysis ◽  
Developmental Relationship ◽  
Common Parent ◽  
Overlapping Sets ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Comparative Evolution

Tillering and secondary branching are two plastic traits with high agronomic importance, especially in terms of the ability of plants to adapt to changing environments. We describe a quantitative trait analysis of tillering and secondary branching in two novel BC1F2 populations totaling 246 genotypes derived from backcrossing two Sorghum bicolor x S. halepense F1 plants to a tetraploidized S. bicolor. A two-year, two-environment phenotypic evaluation in Bogart, GA and Salina, KS permitted us to identify major effect and environment specific QTLs. Significant correlation between tillering and secondary branching followed by discovery of overlapping sets of QTLs continue to support the developmental relationship between these two organs and suggest the possibility of pleiotropy. Comparisons with two other populations sharing S. bicolor BTx623 as a common parent but sampling the breadth of the Sorghum genus, increase confidence in QTL detected for these two plastic traits and provide insight into the evolution of morphological diversity in the Eusorghum clade. Correspondence between flowering time and vegetative branching supports other evidence in suggesting a pleiotropic effect of flowering genes. We propose a model to predict biomass weight from plant architecture related traits, quantifying contribution of each trait to biomass and providing guidance for future breeding experiments.

scholarly journals Microbial population dynamics and evolutionary outcomes under extreme energy limitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (33) ◽  
pp. e2101691118
Author(s):  
William R. Shoemaker ◽  
Stuart E. Jones ◽  
Mario E. Muscarella ◽  
Megan G. Behringer ◽  
Brent K. Lehmkuhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Energy Limitation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mechanisms Of Persistence ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
Insight Into

Microorganisms commonly inhabit energy-limited ecosystems where cellular maintenance and reproduction is highly constrained. To gain insight into how individuals persist under such conditions, we derived demographic parameters from a collection of 21 heterotrophic bacterial taxa by censusing 100 populations in an effectively closed system for 1,000 d. All but one taxon survived prolonged resource scarcity, yielding estimated times to extinction ranging over four orders of magnitude from 100 to 105 y. Our findings corroborate reports of long-lived bacteria recovered from ancient environmental samples, while providing insight into mechanisms of persistence. As death rates declined over time, lifespan was extended through the scavenging of dead cells. Although reproduction was suppressed in the absence of exogenous resources, populations continued to evolve. Hundreds of mutations were acquired, contributing to genome-wide signatures of purifying selection as well as molecular signals of adaptation. Consistent ecological and evolutionary dynamics indicate that distantly related bacteria respond to energy limitation in a similar and predictable manner, which likely contributes to the stability and robustness of microbial life.

scholarly journals Grow with the flow: a latitudinal cline in physiology is associated with more variable precipitation inErythranthe cardinalis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Muir ◽  
Amy L. Angert
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Latitudinal Cline ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Variable Environments ◽  
Selective Agents ◽  
Latitudinal Clines ◽  
Variable Precipitation ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractLocal adaptation is commonly observed in nature: organisms perform well in their natal environment, but poorly outside it. Correlations between traits and latitude, or latitudinal clines, are among the most common pieces of evidence for local adaptation, but identifying the traits under selection and the selective agents is challenging. Here, we investigated a latitudinal cline in growth and photosynthesis across 16 populations of the perennial herbErythranthe cardinalis(Phrymaceae). Using machine learning methods, we identify interannual variation in precipitation as a likely selective agent: Southern populations from more variable environments had higher photosynthetic rates and grew faster. We hypothesize that selection may favor a more annualized life history – grow now rather than save for next year – in environments where severe droughts occur more often. Thus our study provides insight into how species may adapt if Mediterranean climates become more variable due to climate change.

scholarly journals Expression of human HIPKs in Drosophila demonstrates their shared and unique functions in a developmental model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D Kinsey ◽  
Justin P Vinluan ◽  
Gerald A Shipman ◽  
Esther M Verheyen
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Vertebrate Development ◽  
Genetic Redundancy ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) are a family of four conserved proteins essential for vertebrate development, as demonstrated by defects in the eye, brain, and skeleton that culminate in embryonic lethality when multiple HIPKs are lost in mice. While HIPKs are essential for development, functional redundancy between the four vertebrate HIPK paralogues has made it difficult to compare their respective functions. Because understanding the unique and shared functions of these essential proteins could directly benefit the fields of biology and medicine, we addressed the gap in knowledge of the four vertebrate HIPK paralogues by studying them in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, where reduced genetic redundancy simplifies our functional assessment. The single hipk present in the fly allowed us to perform rescue experiments with human HIPK genes that provide new insight into their individual functions not easily assessed in vertebrate models. Further, the abundance of genetic tools and established methods for monitoring specific developmental pathways and gross morphological changes in the fly allowed for functional comparisons in endogenous contexts. We first performed rescue experiments to demonstrate the extent to which each of the human HIPKs can functionally replace Drosophila Hipk for survival and morphological development. We then showed the ability of each human HIPK to modulate Armadillo/β-catenin levels, JAK/STAT activity, proliferation, growth, and death, each of which have previously been described for Hipks, but never all together in comparable tissue contexts. Finally, we characterized novel developmental phenotypes induced by human HIPKs to gain insight to their unique functions. Together, these experiments provide the first direct comparison of all four vertebrate HIPKs to determine their roles in a developmental context.

scholarly journals Insight into the growth pattern and bone fusion of basal birds from an Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (43) ◽  
pp. 11470-11475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Zhiheng Li ◽  
Zhonghe Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Avian Evolution ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Bone Fusion ◽  
Evolution Pattern ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Historical Origins

Bird skeletons exhibit remarkable modifications that allow for flight. The most distinguishable features are the fusion of the bones in the hand, feet, and pelvis into composite rigid and bony structures. However, the historical origins of these avian bone fusions remain elusive because of the rarity of transitional fossils and developmental studies on modern birds. Here, we describe an Early Cretaceous bird (120 Mya) that has fully fused alular-major metacarpals and pelvis. We discuss the manus and pelvis fusions across Paravian phylogeny and demonstrate that these features evolved independently across nonavian theropods, Enantiornithes, and Ornithuromorpha. The fusions of these bones are rare in known nonavian theropods and Early Cretaceous birds but are well established among Late Cretaceous and modern birds, revealing a complicated evolution pattern unrecognized previously. We posit that the developments of bone fusion were polymorphic close to the origin of birds, resulting in the varying degrees of fusion in Paraves. However, that development polymorphism appears to be fundamentally restricted along the line to modern birds by the Late Cretaceous, where all birds have a completely fused manus and pelvis. Such changes likely correspond to a refinement of flight capability. Alternatively, the degree of bone fusion in this primitive bird may have been related to modifications in genes or developmental paths. Future studies and fossil discoveries are required to clarify these hypotheses and pinpoint the developmental pathways involving the bone fusions in early avian evolution through to their modern pattern.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document