scholarly journals The Influence of Long and Short Cycle Schemes of Self-Cycling Fermentation on the Growth of E. Coli and S. Cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusheng Tan ◽  
Lisa Y. Stein ◽  
Dominic Sauvageau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Cell Replication ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Evolution Rate ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Key Events

Abstract Self-cycling fermentation (SCF), a cyclic process in which cells divide once per cycle, has been shown to lead to improvements in productivity during bioconversion and, often, whole-culture synchronization. Previous studies have found that in some cases, the completion of synchronized cell replication occurred simultaneously with depletion of a limiting nutrient. However, exceptions were also observed when the end of cell doubling occurred before the exhaustion of the limiting nutrient. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms and impacts of these growth patterns on bioprocessing, we investigated the growth of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in long- and short-cycle SCF strategies. Three characteristic events linked to SCF cycles were identified: (1) the completion of synchronized cell replication, (2) the depletion or a plateau of the limiting nutrient, and (3) characteristic points of control parameters (e.g., the minimum of dissolved oxygen and the maximum of carbon dioxide evolution rate). Three major trends stemming from this study and SCF literature were observed: (A) co-occurrence of the three key events in SCF cycles, (B) cycles for which cell replication ended prior to the co-occurrence of the other two events, and (C) cycles for which the time of depletion or a plateau of the limiting nutrient occurred later than the concurrence of the other two events. Based on these observations, a novel definition for SCF is proposed.

Activation of potassium released from soil by root-secreted organic acids in different varieties of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Xiao Yang ◽  
Shi-Zhou Yu ◽  
Ying-Chao Lin ◽  
Wei-Jun Zhang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High K ◽  
Utilisation Rate ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Tobacco Roots

Organic acids secreted from the roots of plants play important roles in nutrient acquisition and metal detoxification; however, the precise underlying mechanisms of these processes remain poorly understood. In the present study we examined the content of organic acids exuded from roots and the effects of these organic acids on the activation of slowly available potassium (K) at different K levels, including normal K supply and K-deficient conditions. In addition, the study system also comprised a high-K tobacco variety (ND202) and two common ones (K326 and NC89). Our results showed that high-K varieties exhibited significantly higher contents of organic acids in its root exudates and available K in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils than the other varieties. This research also suggested that a cyclic process in which soil was acidified after being complexed by organic acids was involved in the release of slowly available K, and that this process primarily depended on the soil pH at high organic acids concentrations, but the complexation of organic ligands became dominant at low concentrations. In conclusion, tobacco roots secrete organic acids to increase available K content and improve the utilisation rate of soil K. High-K varieties probably enhance slowly available K activation by secreting relatively high amounts of organic acids, thus leading to more available K in soil for absorption by plants.

Hated but still human: Metadehumanization leads to greater hostility than metaprejudice

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843022097903
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Landry ◽  
Elliott Ihm ◽  
Jonathan W. Schooler
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

Metadehumanization, the perception that members of an outgroup dehumanize your group, has been found to exacerbate intergroup conflict by inspiring reciprocal dehumanization of the offending outgroup. Moreover, metadehumanization is distinct from metaprejudice (i.e., the perception that an outgroup hates your group). Given the mutual animosity reported in public opinion polls toward the other side, we believed US–Russia relations would be a worthwhile context in which to extend this model. Therefore, we measured Americans’ levels of metadehumanization and metaprejudice of Russians to determine the association between these perceptions and their hostility toward Russians (Study 1). In this novel intergroup conflict, metadehumanization remained a consequential predictor of outgroup hostility over and above metaprejudice, suggesting that it can exacerbate a broader range of intergroup conflicts than those heretofore examined. Given these findings, we then sought to experimentally differentiate between metadehumanization and metaprejudice. In Study 2, we manipulated both metadehumanization and metaprejudice to (a) determine whether one or both cause greater outgroup hostility and (b) elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which they may produce this effect. Whereas metadehumanization produced greater hostility, metaprejudice did not. Moreover, although both metaperceptions inspired greater prejudice, only metadehumanization led to greater dehumanization. We conclude that metadehumanization may be a particularly potent fomenter of hostility because it inspires reciprocal dehumanization over and above more general negative bias.

Size of Animal in Relation to Productivity Nutritional aspects

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Limiting Nutrient

With our increased knowledge of genetics and our ability to control breeding populations of farm animals we are now in a position to select for optimum size if we can define it. A consideration of size in relation to nutritional efficiency therefore becomes relevant. (I confine myself to nutritional efficiency since this was my remit, but of course there are many non-nutritional aspects of productivity which also may be related to size, e.g. larger animals need less labour or housing per unit of production; smaller animals may yield more suitable carcasses for some markets, and these may indeed be more important economically than nutritional efficiency.) Nutritional efficiency will be considered in relation to energy use, since energy is normally the limiting nutrient, and the concentration of the other nutrients, proteins, minerals and vitamins can be varied by adding supplements to the diet.

scholarly journals Emergence of cultural intelligence and global mindset capital: a multilevel model

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jase R. Ramsey ◽  
Amine Abi Aad ◽  
Chuandi Jiang ◽  
Livia Barakat ◽  
Virginia Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Mindset ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Conceptual Study

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish under which conditions researchers should use the constructs cultural intelligence (CQ) and global mindset (GM). The authors further seek to understand the process through which these constructs emerge to a higher level and link unit-level knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) capital to pertinent firm-level outcomes. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a conceptual study with a multilevel model. Findings This paper differentiates two similar lines of research occurring concordantly on the CQ and GM constructs. Next, the authors develop a multilevel model to better understand the process through which CQ and GM emerge at higher levels and their underlying mechanisms. Finally, this paper adds meaning to the firm-level KSAs by linking firm-level KSAs capital to pertinent firm-level outcomes. Research limitations/implications The conclusion implies that researchers should use CQ when the context is focused on interpersonal outcomes and GM when focused on strategic outcomes. The multilevel model is a useful tool for scholars to select which rubric to use in future studies that have international managers as the subjects. The authors argue that if the scholar is interested in an individual’s ability to craft policy and implement strategy, then GM may be more parsimonious than CQ. On the other hand, if the focus is on leadership, human resources or any other relationship dependent outcome, then CQ will provide a more robust measure. Practical implications For practitioners, this study provides a useful tool for managers to improve individual-level commitment by selecting and training individuals high in CQ. On the other hand, if the desired outcome is firm-level sales or performance, the focus should be on targeting individuals high in GM. Originality/value This is the first theoretical paper to examine how CQ and GM emerge to the firm level and describe when to use each measure.

An evolutionary and developmental approach toward understanding of growth variations of two closely related dwarfism of Galium verum

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keum Jeong ◽  
Jae-Hong Pak ◽  
Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mrna Differential Display ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Differential Display Method ◽  
Low Activity

AbstractGalium L. is one of the largest and most widespread genus of Rubiaceae, consisting of more than 650 species worldwide. Galium verum var. asiaticum (G. verum a.) is a perennial herbaceous and widely distributed in in Korea peninsula. On the other hand, Galium verum var. asiaticum for. pusillum (G. verum a.p.) is endemic to Korea, inhabiting only on high land of Mt. Halla of Jeju. G. verum a.p. appears to be a dwarfism of G. verum a. We wondered what physiological, environmental, or genetic factors rendered those two taxa morphologically differentiated. We found that G. verum a.p. shows a low activity of the cell proliferation and was not associated with responsiveness contents of auxin and gibberellins. In order to search for genetic factors involved, we carried out an mRNA differential display method using the ACPs, and isolated several different expression genes between the two taxa. We chose one of those genes, which encoded RADIALIS-like proteins: GvaRADL1 from G. verum a. and GvapRADL1 from G. verum a.p. We discuss the relevancy of the genetic variations in regard to the differential expression patterns of those genes and the differential growth patterns of the two variants.

Adipose tissue hypoxia and insulin resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Rasouli
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Hypoxia ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Key Events

Despite the well-established association of obesity with insulin resistance and inflammation, the underlying mechanisms and sequence of events leading to inflammation and insulin resistance remain unknown. Adipose tissue hypoxia has been proposed as one of the possible key events during the process of fat expansion that leads to adipose tissue dysfunction. The focus of this paper is reviewing the evidence on adipose tissue hypoxia in obesity and its relation to insulin resistance.

Priming Effects of Violence on Infrahumanization

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Delgado ◽  
Armando Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Jeroen Vaes ◽  
Jacques-Philippe Leyens ◽  
Verónica Betancor
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Contextual Dependency ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Effects Of Violence

Two experiments examine whether exposure to generic violence can display infrahumanization towards out-groups. In Study 1, participants had to solve a lexical decision task after viewing animal or human violent scenes. In Study 2, participants were exposed to either human violent or human suffering pictures before doing a lexical decision task. In both studies, the infrahumanization bias appeared after viewing the human violent pictures but not in the other experimental conditions. These two experiments support the idea of contextual dependency of infrahumanization, and suggest that violence can prime an infrahuman perception of the out-group. Theoretical implications for infrahumanization and potential underlying mechanisms are discussed.

Smart PCBs for Smart Appliances - Embedding as IoT Enabler

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 000025-000030
Author(s):  
Nick Renaud-Bezot ◽  
Christian Galler ◽  
Christian Vockenberger
Keyword(s):  
Functional Integration ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Passive Components ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Smart Appliances ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
The Eu

Be it the trillion-dollar economy dreamed up by Cisco Systems at one extreme, or the multitude of small crowdsourced projects at the other, there is no denying that IoT is capturing minds and making the news. Each company is vying for a piece of the pie, with semiconductor suppliers scrambling to call the latest releases “IoT-ready”. Not wanting to feel left out, the PCB industry is of course finding ways to support this nascent economy. As main concerns are small sizes, low energy consumption and short cycle times, one solution is embedding. By placing active and passive components within the PCB itself, the system can:- be more integrated, as components disappear from the surface, making space for additional functionality, larger battery or simply fit in a smaller housing,- have lower losses, as stacking SMT components on top of the embedded allows for short connections, thus lowering resistance and inductance,- be created faster, to enable dimensional and functional integration without relying on complex and costly SoC design. Starting with a backgrounder on common embedding technologies currently available from leading suppliers, the paper will present recent advances from AT&S's ECP® (Embedded-Component Packaging), including reliability data. Expanding from that field, the document will explore its future and extreme applications, such as high-power (multi-kW) and fine-pitch fields for industrial and automotive devices, showing the scalability of the technology and the evolutions supported by the EU-funded EmPower and UNSETH projects.

scholarly journals Height Growth Pattern of Lodgepole Pine in Relation to Natural Subregions in Alberta

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Shongming Huang ◽  
David J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Variable Site

Abstract Based on the provincial stem analysis and permanent sample plot (PSP) data of 1,580 felled dominant and codominant trees, height growth patterns of lodgepole pine were compared among the three major natural subregions [Sub-Alpine (SAL), Upper Foothills (UFH), and Lower Foothills (LFH)] in Alberta. The comparison used the ratio of heights at 70 and 30 years of breast height age (Z ratio) as a quantitative measure of height growth pattern (i.e., the response variable), site index (height at breast height age of 50 years) as the covariate, and natural subregion as the factor. Results indicated that: (1) the height growth pattern in the SAL natural subregion was significantly different from other natural subregions; and (2) no significant differences in height growth pattern were found between other natural subregions. Two polymorphic height and site index curves were developed: one for the SAL natural subregion and the other for the UFH and LFH natural subregions. Comparisons between the two curves and the previously developed provincial curve indicated that, for the same site index, trees in the SAL subregion grow consistently slower after 50 years. When the provincial height and site index curve was applied to the SAL natural subregion, large differences (≤14%) in gross volume estimation were found. However, volume estimation differences were very small (<2%) when the provincial curve was applied to the other two natural subregions. It is recommended that the natural subregion-based curves should be used for predicting lodgepole pine site index or height at any age in the SAL natural subregion. West. J. Appl. For. 19(3):154–159.

scholarly journals Sensory-Encoding Differences Contribute to Species-Specific Call Recognition Mechanisms

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 1348-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Triblehorn ◽  
J. Schul
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Call Recognition ◽  
Sensory Encoding ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Species Specific

Object recognition is a fundamental function of the auditory system, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Acoustic communication in the Tettigoniid genus Neoconocephalus provides a useful system for studying these mechanisms. We examined the ascending interneuron pathway in three Neoconocephalus species with diverse calls and recognition mechanisms. This pathway processes spectral information and transmits call temporal patterns to the supraesophageal ganglion where the recognition circuits reside. For each species, we describe one local auditory interneuron (ON) and three with ascending projections (AN-1, AN-2, TN-1), which were physiologically and morphologically similar to those described in other Tettigoniids. TN-1 responded only to the beginning of call models. For AN-1, each call model pulse elicited a single action potential in N. robustus and N. bivocatus, whereas every other pulse elicited an action potential in N. triops. Individual pulses did not reliably evoke AN-2 responses in all three species. AN-1 responses were limited to frequencies <20 kHz. AN-1 tuning differed among the three species, reflecting their differences in the dominant frequency of the calls. AN-2 was broadly tuned, and responses increased with intensity in all three species. In behavioral experiments, N. robustus showed greater spectral selectivity than the other two species. Adding the second harmonic to the spectrum of call models suppressed phonotaxis in N. robustus, but not N. triops or N. bivocatus. Adding the second harmonic reduced AN-1 responses in N. robustus but not in the other two species. We discuss the potential function of the ascending neurons for call recognition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document