Smart PCBs for Smart Appliances - Embedding as IoT Enabler

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 000025-000030
Author(s):  
Nick Renaud-Bezot ◽  
Christian Galler ◽  
Christian Vockenberger
Keyword(s):  
Functional Integration ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Passive Components ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Smart Appliances ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
The Eu

Be it the trillion-dollar economy dreamed up by Cisco Systems at one extreme, or the multitude of small crowdsourced projects at the other, there is no denying that IoT is capturing minds and making the news. Each company is vying for a piece of the pie, with semiconductor suppliers scrambling to call the latest releases “IoT-ready”. Not wanting to feel left out, the PCB industry is of course finding ways to support this nascent economy. As main concerns are small sizes, low energy consumption and short cycle times, one solution is embedding. By placing active and passive components within the PCB itself, the system can:- be more integrated, as components disappear from the surface, making space for additional functionality, larger battery or simply fit in a smaller housing,- have lower losses, as stacking SMT components on top of the embedded allows for short connections, thus lowering resistance and inductance,- be created faster, to enable dimensional and functional integration without relying on complex and costly SoC design. Starting with a backgrounder on common embedding technologies currently available from leading suppliers, the paper will present recent advances from AT&S's ECP® (Embedded-Component Packaging), including reliability data. Expanding from that field, the document will explore its future and extreme applications, such as high-power (multi-kW) and fine-pitch fields for industrial and automotive devices, showing the scalability of the technology and the evolutions supported by the EU-funded EmPower and UNSETH projects.

Mold technology for mass production of continuous fiber-reinforced sandwich parts

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hopmann ◽  
Philipp N. Wagner ◽  
Robert Bastian ◽  
Kai Fischer ◽  
Arne Böttcher
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Impregnation Process ◽  
Cycle Times

Abstract In order to reduce cycle times, increase functional integration and automation further, the innovative gap impregnation process and mold technology was developed at the Institute of Plastics Processing at RWTH Aachen University (Germany) in collaboration with industry partners. The novel process enables an automated production of continuous fiber-reinforced sandwich composite structures in integral design with high surface quality in short cycle times, which is demonstrated by manufacturing a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) engine hood. For the first time, the gap impregnation and mold technology makes it possible to manufacture large-scale, three-dimensionally shaped sandwich components in one shot and in short cycle times at similar mechanical properties compared to the reference steel hood. Furthermore, a weight reduction of about 60% to only 5 kg was achieved for the CFRP engine hood. This paper focuses on the systems engineering of the RTM-related gap impregnation process. The focus is on the utilized mold concepts for the pressurized air-assisted ejector pins, vacuum-tight sealing, the motion concept of the mold halves, resin traps, sensors for process control and the specially treated mold surfaces for class A surface components. Additionally, the main procedures, capabilities and characteristics of this innovative process are discussed.

scholarly journals Polymeric Membranes for O2/N2 Separation

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-202
Author(s):  
R. Shakil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Inorganic Composite

Over the last few decades, polymeric membranes-based O2/N2 separation techniques have been progressed from a laboratory curiosity to a commercial reality. These membranes show various advantages i.e., low energy consumption and cost, compared to the other conventional methods for O2 and N2 separation. These benefits generate a great deal of interest in industry and academia to accelerate the commercial feasibility of polymeric membranes for O2/N2 separation. For this, various materials have been developed in order to enhance both O2 permeability and O2/N2 selectivity of the polymeric membranes. In this chapter, the recent development of various polymeric membranes, including a different polymer matrix and polymer inorganic composite for O2/N2 separation, is discussed.

Avrupa’ya Türk göçü: Almanya örneği

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Milan Palat
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
The Eu

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’den göç ve Almanya’nın ekonomik göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi, nicel metot yöntemleri kullanarak değerlendirmektir. Türkiye’nin belirsiz Avrupa ile bütünleşme beklentilerine rağmen  Avrupa Birliğinin köklü üyelerine olan Türk göçü devam edecektir. Çok sayıda Türk azınlığın yaşadığı ve hayat standartlarının yüksek olduğu Almanya, Hollanda ve Fransa’ya  büyük bir göç dalgası gerçekleşebilir. Çalışmanın istatistiksel bölümünün sonuçları, toplam göç ile gayri safi yurtiçi hasıladaki büyüme arasında pozitif, toplam göç ile işsizlik arasındaki negatif ve tahmin edilen bağımlılık yönüyle uygunluk içerisinde olan toplam göç ile aylık gelir arasında pozitif ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Türkiye’den göçle işsizlik arasındaki ilişki, toplam göçle olan ilişkiden daha düşüktür. Ancak, Almanya’daki yabancı mevcudiyeti ile Türkiye’den göç arasında bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bu durum, var olan göçmen topluluğunun olduğu yerin, yeni göçmenleri, köken bağlarına dayanarak cezbetmesi ve maliyet- riskler sebebiyle göçün düşük seviye de olduğuna dayanan kuramsal Ağ teorisi görüşü ile uygunluk göstermektedir. Göç ve işsizlik arasında gözlenen ilişki, Almanya’ya göçün  işgücü piyasasında talepte meydana gelen değişime karşılık geldiği gerçeğini göstermektedir. İşsizlik ve göç olgularının meydana geliş zamanlarında bir aralık  olsa bile  göç, Alman emek pazarında var olan dengesizliklerin azaltılmasında nispeten etkili bir mekanizma gibi görünmektedir. ENGLISH TITLE & ABSTRACTTurkish Immigration to the European Union: The Case of GermanyThe objective of the paper was to evaluate the relationships between immigration from Turkey and economic indicators in Germany using  quantitative methods. Despite Turkey’s unclear European integration prospects, it is predicted that Turkish immigration to  established member countries of the EU will continue. The strongest waves may flow to Germany, Netherlands or France, where numerous Turkish minorities are already present and where the living standards are high. Results from the statistical analysis of the paper showed a positive correlation between immigration total and the growth of gross domestic product. On the other hand, a negative correlation of immigration total and unemployment was found and a positive relationship between immigration total and income total which is in agreement with the expected dependency direction. With regards to  immigration from Turkey it is less correlated to unemployment than immigration total. But there is a correlation between immigration from Turkey and the stock of foreigners in Germany This is in accordance with the theoretical concept of network theory where an existing community of migrants keeps attracting new migrants because the costs and risks associated with migration are lower, thanks to established linkages to the country of origin. The observed correlation of migration and unemployment points to the fact that immigration to Germany responds to changes in demand in the labour market. Even though a time lag may occur in the case of unemployment and immigration, migration appears to be a relatively effective mechanism to offset existing imbalances in German labour markets. 

Considering Territorial Agendas of the EU in context of Rising of Territorial Dimension of Cohesion Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-257
Author(s):  
İclal Kaya Altay ◽  
◽  
Shqiprim Ahmeti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lisbon Strategy ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Territorial Cohesion ◽  
Descriptive Language ◽  
The Eu

The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe ads territorial cohesion as Union’s third goal, beside economic and social cohesion and lists it as a shared competence. In the other hand, the Lisbon Strategy aims to turn Europe into the most competitive area of sustainable growth in the world and it is considered that the Territorial cohesion policy should contribute to it. This paper is structured by a descriptive language while deduction method is used. It refers to official documents, strategies, agendas and reports, as well as books, articles and assessments related to topic. This paper covers all of two Territorial Agendas as well as the background of territorial cohesion thinking and setting process of territorial cohesion policy.

On the Future of the Financial Redistribution across Member States in the EU

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Sándor Richter
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Cross Member ◽  
Expenditure Structure ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

The order and modalities of cross-member state redistribution as well as the net financial position of the member states are one of the most widely discussed aspects of European integration. The paper addresses selected issues in the current debate on the EU budget for the period 2007 to 2013 and introduces four scenarios. The first is identical to the European Commission's proposal; the second is based on reducing the budget to 1% of the EU's GNI, as proposed by the six net-payer countries, while maintaining the expenditure structure of the Commission's proposal. The next two scenarios represent radical reforms: one of them also features a '1% EU GNI'; however, the expenditures for providing 'EU-wide value-added' are left unchanged and it is envisaged that the requisite cuts will be made in the expenditures earmarked for cohesion. The other reform scenario is different from the former one in that the cohesion-related expenditures are left unchanged and the expenditures for providing 'EU-wide value-added' are reduced. After the comparison of the various scenarios, the allocation of transfers to the new member states in terms of the conditions prevailing in the different scenarios is analysed.

A Study on the Use of Bipolar-Particles-Electrodes in Decolorization of Dyeing Effluents and Its Principle

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Ding ◽  
Cai Wei Min ◽  
Wang Qun Hui
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Underlying Principle ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Transparent Liquid

This paper studies the use of bipolar-particles-electrodes in the decolorization of dyeing effluents. Treatment of highly colored solutions of various soluble dyes (such as direct, reactive, cationic or acid dyes) and also samples of dyeing effluents gave rise to an almost colorless transparent liquid, with removal of CODcr and BOD5 being as high as over 80%. The method is characterized by its high efficiency, low energy consumption and long performance life. A discussion of the underlying principle is given.

Bubble Electrospinning and Bubble-Spun Nanofibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Y. Wan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Needleless Electrospinning ◽  
Polymeric Nanofibers ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Unique Surface

Electrospinning is a highly efficient technology for fabrication of a wide variety of polymeric nanofibers. However, the development of traditional needle-based electrospinning has been hampered by its low productivity and need of tedious work dealing with needles cleaning, installation and uninstallation. As one of the most promising needleless electrospinning means, bubble electrospinning is known for its advantages of high productivity and relatively low energy consumption due to the introduction of a third force, air flow, as a major force overcoming the surface tension. In this paper, the restrictions of conventional electrospinning and the advantages of needleless electrospinning, especially the bubble electrospinning were elaborated. Reports and patents on bubble-spun nanofibers with unique surface morphologies were also reviewed in respect of their potential applications.

After the 2008 Financial Crash

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hood ◽  
Rozana Himaz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Deficit Reduction ◽  
The Eu

This chapter describes the long 2010–15 fiscal squeeze under the first Conservative–Liberal coalition since the early 1920s, in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis and with debt and deficit at levels not seen for four decades or more. It included sharp political debate over timing, depth, and tax/spending balance of fiscal squeeze, with most of the coalition squeeze based on its Labour predecessor’s plans, and the deficit reduction outcome roughly the same as those Labour plans, principally because of shortfall on the revenue side. This episode was marked by a repeat of ‘bear trap’ tactics by the incumbents, and the post-squeeze 2015 election rewarded one party in the coalition, while the other party was heavily punished and so was the Labour Opposition. How far the victory of ‘Vote Leave’ (Brexit) in the 2016 referendum on UK membership of the EU can be attributed to fiscal squeeze is debatable.

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