scholarly journals A Multilevel Study of Socio-economic Inequalities in Self-reported Oral and General Health in South-east Norway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Lyshol ◽  
Liv Grøtvedt ◽  
Tone Natland Fagerhaug ◽  
Astrid J Feuerherm ◽  
Gry Jakhelln ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Level Versus ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Linear Trends

Abstract This study assesses the association between socioeconomic determinants and self-reported health using data from a regional Norwegian health survey. A total of 9,068 participants 25+ were included. Survey data were linked to registry data on education and personal income. Self-reported oral health and general health were separately assessed and categorized into ‘good’ and ‘poor’. The exposures were educational level, personal income, and economic security. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were computed to assess the associations between socioeconomic determinants and self-reported health using multilevel Poisson regression. Participants with low education or income had poorer oral and general health than those with more education or higher income. Comparing the highest education level versus the lowest, adjusted PRs for poor oral and general health were 1.44 (95%CI 1.26-1.65) and 1.53 (95%CI 1.35-1.74). Correspondingly, with the highest income quintile versus the lowest, estimates were 1.64 (95%CI 1.39-1.94) and 2.34 (95%CI 1.97-2.79) for oral and general health. Lack of economic security was also significantly associated with poor self-reported oral and general health. Positive linear trends between levels of education and income were documented for both outcomes (P-linear trends <0.001), including a pattern of socioeconomic gradients, both for oral and general health.

scholarly journals Prevalence of self-medication in Brazil and associated factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio Dourado Arrais ◽  
Maria Eneida Porto Fernandes ◽  
Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol ◽  
Luiz Roberto Ramos ◽  
Sotero Serrate Mengue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The North ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Use Of Health Services

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence and associated factors regarding the use of medicines by self-medication in Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using data from the PNAUM (National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), collected between September 2013 and February 2014 by interviews at the homes of the respondents. All people who reported using any medicines not prescribed by a doctor or dentist were classified as self-medication practitioners. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (Poisson regression) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated in order to investigate the factors associated with the use of self-medication by medicines. The independent variables were: sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and access to and use of health services. In addition, the most commonly consumed medicines by self-medication were individually identified. RESULTS The self-medication prevalence in Brazil was 16.1% (95%CI 15.0–17.5), with it being highest in the Northeast region (23.8%; 95%CI 21.6–26.2). Following the adjusted analysis, self-medication was observed to be associated with females, inhabitants from the North, Northeast and Midwest regions and individuals that have had one, or two or more chronic diseases. Analgesics and muscle relaxants were the therapeutic groups most used for self-medication, with dipyrone being the most consumed medicines. In general, most of the medicines used for self-medication were classified as non-prescriptive (65.5%). CONCLUSIONS Self-medication is common practice in Brazil and mainly involves the use of non-prescription medicines; therefore, the users of such should be made aware of the possible risks.

Life Outlook of Rehabilitation Clients: A Comparative Analysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Richard T. Roessler ◽  
Steven E. Boone
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Happy Marriage ◽  
Using Data

Because of its motivational significance, time perspective has been a much studied concept. Using data from the Self-anchoring Life Ladder, time perspective, hopes, and fears of rehabilitation clients were examined and contrasted to similar age groups of the U.S. population and college students. Showing an upward trend for all groups, life ladder ratings of past, now, and future indicated an optimistic life outlook. Although comparable on future ratings, rehabilitation clients rated past and present lower than the other two groups. Hopes for rehabilitation clients included economic security, happy marriage and family life, and congenial work. Fears included loss of economic security, no or uncongenial job, and no or unhappy family life. Health related concerns, although not listed as hopes, were listed as fears. Implications of the life ladder data for rehabilitation services are discussed.

scholarly journals A NATIONAL STUDY OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AND PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH AMONG URBAN AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVES AND NON-HISPANIC WHITES

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBORAH R. BASSETT ◽  
LONNIE NELSON ◽  
DOROTHY A. RHOADES ◽  
ELIZABETH M. KRANTZ ◽  
ADAM OMIDPANAH
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
American Indian ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Alaska Natives ◽  
National Study ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Urban American Indian ◽  
Using Data

SummaryUsing data from The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, the strength of social networks and the association of self-reported health among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) were compared. Differences in social network–health relationships between AI/ANs and NHWs were also examined. For both groups, those with fewer network members were more likely to report fair or poor health than those with average or more network members, and persons with the fewest types of relationships had worse self-reported health than those with the average or very diverse types of relationships. Furthermore, small social networks were associated with much worse self-reported health in AI/ANs than in NHWs.

scholarly journals Combustible cigarettes, heated tobacco products, combined product use, and periodontal disease: A cross-sectional JASTIS study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248989
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoshioka ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Background Combustible cigarettes have detrimental effects on periodontal disease. However, little evidence is available regarding new heated tobacco product (HTP) use and combined product use (both combustible cigarettes and HTPs). This study aimed to examine the association of combustible cigarettes, HTPs, and combined product use with periodontal disease simultaneously. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2019 arm of the longitudinal Japan “Society and New Tobacco” Internet Survey. Combustible cigarette users, HTP users, combined product users, never-users, and former users’ data were separately obtained. In the present study, the primary outcome was self-reported periodontal disease. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis after adjusting for 12 confounders. Results Of the 10,439 JASTIS respondents, the numbers of users of combustible cigarettes only, HTPs only, and both products were 1,304, 437, and 1,049, respectively. Compared with never-users, HTP use was significantly associated with the prevalence of self-reported periodontal diseases (PR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03–1.62). Moreover, former users, combustible cigarette users, and combined product users also showed significant associations (PR 1.56, 95% CI 1.35–1.80; PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03–1.62; and PR 1.55, 95% CI 1.20–1.99, respectively). Conclusions Users of HTPs, combustible cigarettes, and combined products as well as former users were all significantly associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases compared to never-users.

scholarly journals Bread-in-pandemic voting: forecasting the 2020 United States presidential election with the Bread and Peace model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Thomas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Popular Vote ◽  
Major Party ◽  
Past Work ◽  
Election Result ◽  
Using Data

The Bread and Peace model of US presidential elections estimates `VOTE`, the incumbent’s party’s share of the major-party vote, as a function of rates of personal-income growth and military fatalities during the incumbent president’s term. I replicate past work fitting the model to elections since 1952, confirming that income growth and war deaths account for most variation in VOTE. Using data available as of the end of October, I then develop 5 income-growth forecasts for Donald Trump’s presidential term and use them to forecast Trump’s share of the two-party vote in the 2020 election. My 5 forecasts range from 49.3% to 56.1% with a mean of 53.0%, notably higher than final polling averages of 45.6%–46.2% and a preliminary election result of 48%. An idiosyncratic factor such as the sitting president’s impeachment might account for the model overrating Donald Trump’s popular-vote performance.

Hearing Impairment and Loneliness in Older Adults in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482094408
Author(s):  
Alison R. Huang ◽  
Jennifer A. Deal ◽  
George W. Rebok ◽  
Jayant M. Pinto ◽  
Linda Waite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fair Poor

Hearing impairment impacts fluidity of communication and social interactions and thus may contribute to loneliness. We investigated the cross-sectional association between hearing impairment and loneliness in community-dwelling older U.S. adults using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project ( N = 3,196). Individuals reporting fair/poor hearing had 50% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.09–2.05]) higher odds of any loneliness compared with those reporting excellent hearing after adjusting for comorbidity index, functional and cognitive ability, self-reported health, and demographic characteristics. Test for trend suggests a dose–response relationship over levels of hearing impairment. Hearing impairment is highly prevalent and may be an important target for consideration in interventions to reduce loneliness. Further investigation of whether treatment of hearing impairment alleviates loneliness and its disabling effects is also needed.

scholarly journals On the Long-Period Variations in the Rate of the Earth's Rotation

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 59-60
Author(s):  
A. I. Emetz ◽  
A. A. Korsun'
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Period Variations ◽  
Similar Series ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Linear Trends

The maximum entropy power spectrum (Smylie, et al., 1974) of the Earth's rotational speed was calculated using data from 1900 to 1976. Two series of data were analyzed. The first was a series of δω/ω) determined from annual UT1 - ET data from 1900 to 1976. The second was a similar series derived from the mean monthly data of UT1 - TAI. Linear trends were removed from both series before analysis. Using the second series of data, significant periods of 2.8, 3.7, 7.0, and 10.5 years were found. The first series showed significant periods at 6, 10, 13, 22, and 57 years. Of these periodicities those at 22 and 57 years showed the largest amplitudes (0.454 ± 0.097 × 10−8 and 1.431 ± 0.104 × 10−8 respectively).

The Influence of Social Networks and Social Support on Health Among Older Koreans at High Risk of Depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haesang Jeon ◽  
Yeonseung Chung ◽  
Soondool Chung ◽  
Ahyoung Song
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Using Data

Background: Despite compelling evidence showing that social networks and social support are associated with depression, relatively little research is available on this topic for older Koreans at high risk of depression. This article aimed to examine the relationship among different types of social networks (family vs. friends), social support (instrumental vs. emotional), and perceived general health among older Koreans at high risk of depression. We would then test for possible differences in pathways between two age groups (60–74 years vs. 75 years and older).Methods: Using data from the 2008 Survey of Elderly Life and Welfare Need, age 60–74 years (n = 2,815) and age 75 years and older (n = 1,784) were analyzed separately. Path analyses were used to examine the relationships among social network, support, and health among Korean older adults at high risk of depression.Results: Findings highlighted the complex associations among social networks, social support, and perceived general health within old age. Moreover, this study called attention to the negative association between instrumental support from family networks and perceived general health among older Koreans aged 60–74 years at high risk of depression.Conclusions: The work discussed in this article would help inform the design of much needed and effective social intervention programs for the growing number of Korean older adults with depression.

The Impact of Medical Marijuana Laws and Dispensaries on Self-Reported Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Andreyeva ◽  
Benjamin Ukert
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Risky Health Behaviors ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Medical Marijuana Laws ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Growing evidence suggests that medical marijuana laws have harm reduction effects across a variety of outcomes related to risky health behaviors. This study investigates the impact of medical marijuana laws on self-reported health using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 1993 to 2013. In our analyses we separately identify the effect of a medical marijuana law and the impact of subsequent active and legally protected dispensaries. Our main results show surprisingly limited improvements in self-reported health after the legalization of medical marijuana and legally protected dispensaries. Subsample analyses reveal strong improvements in health among non-white individuals, those reporting chronic pain, and those with a high school degree, driven predominately by whether or not the state had active and legally protected dispensaries. We also complement the analysis by evaluating the impact on risky health behaviors and find that the aforementioned demographic groups experience large reductions in alcohol consumption after the implementation of a medical marijuana law.

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