A comprehensive multi-objective, multi-parameter and multi-condition optimization of a spiral groove in dry gas seals
Abstract Dry gas seals are widely used in rotating equipment for fluid leakage control and operating efficiency enhancement. Multi-dimensional optimization of geometric parameters of the spiral groove was conducted with considering the comprehensive effect of working conditions, objective functions and the other geometric parameters. Different optimization methods were proposed for solving the multi-dimensional optimization problems. The optimal values of groove width ratio, groove length ratio and spiral angle for the excellent steady performance of spiral grooves under different working conditions were obtained by employing a genetic algorithm and loop iteration optimization method. The performance comparison of two dry gas seals with different geometric parameters was conducted experimentally to verify the effectiveness of numerical results. The results showed that optimal geometric parameters of the spiral groove were significantly influenced by working conditions, objective function and the other geometric parameters. Maximum film stiffness and stiffness-leakage ratio of the spiral groove dry gas seal obtained by genetic algorithm enhanced up to 30% and 45% larger than those obtained by the conventional single factor optimization. The film stiffness and stiffness-leakage ratio were more sensitive to geometric parameters of a spiral groove than that of opening force. The optimization results obtained in this paper provide a theoretical and experimental reference for the design of dry gas seals in different working conditions to meet various sealing performance requirements.