Predicting Risks of Severe Windstorm Damage to Southeastern U.S. forests

Abstract ContextThe southeastern U.S. experiences tornadoes and severe thunderstorms that can cause economic and ecological damage to forest stands resulting in loss of timber, reduction in short-term carbon sequestration, and increasing forest pests and pathogens. ObjectivesThis project sought to determine landscape-scale patterns of recurring wind damages and their relationships to topographic attributes, overall climatic patterns and soil characteristics in southeastern forests. MethodsWe assembled post-damage assessment data collected since 2012 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We utilized a regularized Generalized Additive Model (GAM) framework to identify and select influencing topographic, soil and climate variables and to discriminate between damage levels (broken branches, uprooting, or trunk breakage). Further, we applied a multinomial GAM utilizing the identified variables to generate predictions and interpolated the results to create predictive maps for tree damage. ResultsTerrain characteristics of slope and valley depth, soil characteristics including erodibility factor and bedrock depth, and climatic variables including temperatures and precipitation levels contributed to damage severity for pine trees. In contrast, valley depth and soil pH, along with climactic variables of isothermality and temperature contributed to damage severity for hardwood trees. Areas in the mid-south from Mississippi to Alabama, and portions of central Arkansas and Oklahoma showed increased probabilities of more severe levels of tree damage. ConclusionsOur project identified important soil and climatic predictors of tree damage levels, and areas in the southeastern U.S. that are at greater risk of severe wind damage, with management implications under continuing climate change.

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Hudnall-Pirtle Site: An Early Caddoan Mound Complex in Northeast Texas

Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State ◽

10.21112/.ita.1991.1.15 ◽

1991 ◽

Author(s):

James E. Burseth

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Coniferous Forests ◽

Faunal Remains ◽

Gulf Coastal Plain ◽

Alluvial Terrace ◽

Hardwood Trees ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Sabine River

The Hudnall-Pirtle (41RK4) site is situated on a large T-1 alluvial terrace of the Sabine River in northern Rusk County of Texas. This part of Texas, comm.only referred to as Northeast Texas, is part of the Southern Gulf Coastal Plain, a relatively level, sloping plain formed by pre-Pleistocene embayments of the Gulf of Mexico. From a biogeographical perspective, the site is located in the Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest. This area represents the western extension of the Southern coniferous forests, and is dominated by shortleaf, longleaf, slash, and loblolly pine trees. In the floodplains of rivers and major creeks of Northeast Texas, the dominant vegetation is hardwood trees, including oak, hickory, elm, and gum. Soils consist of light colored to dark colored sands and sandy loams, with denser clays in the floodplains of major rivers and creek. The soils have been heavily leached by relatively high rainfall that ranges between 40 and 50 inches per year. Soils are generally acid, causing poor preservation of faunal remains in archeological deposits.

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Archeological Investigations at the Hudnall-Pirtle Site (41RK4) An Early Caddo Mound Center in Northeast Texas

Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State ◽

10.21112/.ita.2006.1.16 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

James E. Bruseth ◽

Timothy K. Perttula ◽

Gayle J. Fritz ◽

Bonnie C. Yates

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

The State ◽

Coniferous Forests ◽

Gulf Coastal Plain ◽

Alluvial Terrace ◽

Hardwood Trees ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Sabine River

The Hudnall-Pirtle site (41RK4) is situated on a large T-1 alluvial terrace of the Sabine River in northern Rusk County in Texas. This area of the state, commonly called Northeast Texas, is part of the Southern Gulf Coastal Plain, a relatively level, sloping plain formed by the pre-Pleistocene embayment of the Gulf of Mexico. From a biogeographical perspective, the site is located in the Oak-Hickory-Pine forest of eastern Texas, otherwise known as the Pineywoods. This area represents the western extension of the southern coniferous forests and is dominated by shortleaf and loblolly pine trees. Hardwood trees, including various oaks, hickory, elm, and gum, are the dominant vegetation in the floodplains of rivers and major creeks in Northeast Texas.

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Hybridization Potential of Two Invasive Asian Longhorn Beetles

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12121139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1139

Author(s):

Xingeng Wang ◽

Melody A. Keena

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Observation ◽

Longhorned Beetle ◽

Asian Longhorned Beetle ◽

Forest Pests ◽

Reproductive Behaviors ◽

Invasive Pests ◽

Hybrid Offspring ◽

Hardwood Trees ◽

Longhorn Beetles ◽

Isolated Species

The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) and citrus longhorned beetle (CLB), Anoplophora chinensis (Förster) (both Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), are high-risk invasive pests that attack various healthy hardwood trees. These two species share some similar host plants and overlapping distributions in large parts of their native ranges in China and the Korean peninsula as well as similar reproductive behaviors. The original Anoplophora malasiaca (Thomson) occurs in Japan and has been synonymized as CLB (hereafter referred to JCLB). In this study, a 30-min behavioral observation of paired adults, followed by a four-week exposure to host bolts, showed that ALB could not successfully cross with CLB. Mating was observed between female CLB and male ALB but not between female ALB and male CLB, no laid eggs hatched. JCLB males successfully crossed with ALB females to produce viable eggs although the overall percentage of hatched eggs was lower than those from conspecific mating pairs. However, ALB males could not successfully cross with JCLB females. CLB and JCLB mated and produced viable hybrid offspring and the hybrid F1 offspring eggs were fertile. These results suggest an asymmetrical hybridization between ALB and JCLB, and that both CLB and JCLB might be considered as two subspecies with different hybridization potential with congeneric ALB. Given their potential impacts on ecosystems and many economically important tree hosts, invasion of these geographically isolated species (ALB and JCLB) or distant subspecies (CLB and JCLB) into the same region may facilitate potential hybridization, which could be a potential concern for the management of these two globally important invasive forest pests. Further studies are needed to determine if fertile hybrid offspring are capable of breeding continually or backcrossing with parental offspring successfully.

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Influence of Stone Bunds on Vegetation and Soil in an Area Reforested with Pinus engelmannii Carr. in the Forests of Durango, Mexico

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11185033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 5033

Author(s):

Ma. del Carmen Ponce-Rodríguez ◽

José Ángel Prieto-Ruíz ◽

Francisco Oscar Carrete-Carreón ◽

María Elena Pérez-López ◽

José de Jesús Muñoz-Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Cover ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Herbaceous Vegetation ◽

North Central ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Survival And Growth

The forest ecosystems of Mexico experience soil degradation mainly due to water erosion, which causes low vegetation regeneration. One of the strategies to diminish soil loss is through the construction of stone bunds (SB)—hand-made structures to trap sediment and store water for longer periods. However, little is known about their effects on pine establishment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of SB on the survival and growth of individual P. engelmannii Carr. specimens with respect to the distance of their planted. The study additionally sought to analyse how SB would affect changes in the production of aerial phytomass, herbaceous vegetation cover and soil characteristics in a reforested area of Durango State in north-central Mexico. Three treatments were evaluated by planting pine trees at three distances with respect to the SB: 80 cm upslope bund (UB), 80 cm downslope bund (DB) and between upper and lower bunds (BB). The variables analysed were the following: The survival and growth of reforestation, aerial coverage and the production of herbaceous plants, and the physicochemical characteristics of the soil. Survival showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments, UB (80%), DB (27%) and BB (30%). The production of aerial phytomass did not show significant differences between treatments UB (1651 kg ha−1) and DB (1058 kg ha−1), although these two were different (p < 0.05) to BB (600 kg ha−1). On the other hand, the vegetation cover and soil characteristics did not show statistical differences. These results highlight the importance of the effect of SB on the survival of P. engelmannii Carr. and the growth of herbaceous vegetation.

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Polar Magnetic Field Reversals of the Sun in Maunder Minimum

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100064472 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 193-196

Author(s):

V. I. Makarov ◽

A. G. Tlatov

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Maunder Minimum ◽

The Sun ◽

Annual Rings ◽

Field Reversal ◽

Polar Magnetic Field ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Using Data ◽

Magnetic Field Reversal

AbstractA possible scenario of polar magnetic field reversal of the Sun during the Maunder Minimum (1645–1715) is discussed using data of magnetic field reversals of the Sun for 1880–1991 and the14Ccontent variations in the bi-annual rings of the pine-trees in 1600–1730 yrs.

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SEM Study of Tension Wood Fiber Morphology and its Effect on Paper Properties

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079061 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 308-309

Author(s):

K. W. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Tension Wood ◽

Wood Fiber ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Fiber Morphology ◽

Paper Properties ◽

Pure Cellulose ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Hardwood Trees ◽

Sem Study

Tension wood (TW) is an abnormal tissue of hardwood trees; although it has been isolated from most parts of the tree, it is frequently found on the upper side of branches and leaning stems. TW has been classically associated with geotropic alignment, but more recently it has been associated with fast growth. Paper made from TW is generally lower in strength properties. Consequently, the paper industries' growing dependence on fast growing, short- rotation trees will result in higher amounts of TW in the final product and a corresponding reduction in strength.Relatively few studies have dealt with the role of TW in the structure of paper. It was suggested that the lower strength properties of TW were due to a combination of factors, namely, its unique morphology, compression failures in the cell wall, and lower hemicellulose content. Central to the unique morphology of the TW fiber is the thick gelatinous layer (G-layer) composed almost entirely of pure cellulose.

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Evaluation of Reduction Methods for Elementary School Counseling Needs Assessment Data

Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance ◽

10.1080/00256307.1981.12022237 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 203-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beverly Celotta ◽

Arlene Coopersmith Rosenthal

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Needs Assessment ◽

School Counseling ◽

Assessment Data ◽

Elementary School Counseling ◽

Reduction Methods ◽

Counseling Needs

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Structuring Assessments of Psychopathology

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001.27.2.87 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 87-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Willem K.B. Hofstee ◽

Dick P.H. Barelds ◽

Jos M.F. Ten Berge

Keyword(s):

Principal Components ◽

Personality Assessment ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Principal Component ◽

Normal Sample ◽

Normative Sample ◽

Assessment Data ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Oblique Rotation ◽

Two Samples

Hofstee and Ten Berge (2004a) have proposed a new look at personality assessment data, based on a bipolar proportional (-1, .. . 0, .. . +1) scale, a corresponding coefficient of raw-scores likeness L = ΢XY/N, and raw-scores principal component analysis. In a normal sample, the approach resulted in a structure dominated by a first principal component, according to which most people are faintly to mildly socially desirable. We hypothesized that a more differentiated structure would arise in a clinical sample. We analyzed the scores of 775 psychiatric clients on the 132 items of the Dutch Personality Questionnaire (NPV). In comparison to a normative sample (N = 3140), the eigenvalue for the first principal component appeared to be 1.7 times as small, indicating that such clients have less personality (social desirability) in common. Still, the match between the structures in the two samples was excellent after oblique rotation of the loadings. We applied the abridged m-dimensional circumplex design, by which persons are typed by their two highest scores on the principal components, to the scores on the first four principal components. We identified five types: Indignant (1-), Resilient (1-2+), Nervous (1-2-), Obsessive-Compulsive (1-3-), and Introverted (1-4-), covering 40% of the psychiatric sample. Some 26% of the individuals had negligible scores on all type vectors. We discuss the potential and the limitations of our approach in a clinical context.

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