Experimental Evaluation of Furosemide and/or Tadalafil in Conventional and Nanoparticle Forms in Prevention of Chronic Renal Failure Induced in Rats

Abstract Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a progressive loss of renal function that lead to reduced sodium filtration and inappropriate suppression of tubular reabsorption that ultimately leads to volume expansion. To improve treatment outcomes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible renoprotective effect of tadalafil and furosemide, individually and in combination, in both conventional and nanoforms in adenine-induced CRF rat-model. Methods: Addition of 0.75% adenine to the diet of rats for 4 weeks gained general acceptance as a model to study kidney damage as this intervention mimicked most of the structural and functional changes seen in human chronic kidney disease Urine analysis, histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in renal tissues were performed.Results: Our results showed that the combination of tadalafil and furosemide using conventional and nanoparticle formulations revealed a beneficial therapeutic effect in the treatment of CRF. This was demonstrated by improvement of urinary, serum and renal tissue markers as indicative of organ damage. This was also reflected on the reduction of tubular expression of KIM-1 and NGAL. Immunohistochemical studies showed that significant increase in the number of apoptotic tubular cells indicated by increased expression of caspase-3 in CRF. These deteriorated renal cellular changes were improved by the treatment of rats with the investigated drugs. Results from ELISA showed that IL-1β was reduced by such treatment in kidney tissue. Conclusion: Tadalafil and furosemide improved the biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemistry changes in adenine-induced CRF which strongly support the renopreventive effects of investigated drugs in particular the nanoparticle forms.

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Impact of Cardiovascular Organ Damage on Cortical Renal Perfusion in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/137868 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Lubas ◽

Robert Ryczek ◽

Grzegorz Kade ◽

Jerzy Smoszna ◽

Stanisław Niemczyk

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Troponin I ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Renal Perfusion ◽

Ultrasound Measurement ◽

Early Investigation ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Cortical Perfusion

Introduction. Properly preserved renal perfusion is the basic determinant of oxygenation, vitality, nutrition, and organ function and its structure. Perfusion disorders are functional changes and are ahead of the appearance of biochemical markers of organ damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate a relationship between the renal cortex perfusion and markers of cardiovascular organ damage in patients with stable chronic renal failure (CKD).Methods. Seventeen patients (2 F; 15 M; age47±16) with stable CKD at 2–4 stages and hypertension or signs of heart failure were enrolled in this study. Blood tests with an estimation of renal and cardiac functions, echocardiographic parameters, intima-media thickness (IMT), renal resistance index (RRI), and total (TPI), proximal (PPI), and distal (DPI) renal cortical perfusion intensity measurements were collected.Results. DPI was significantly lower than PPI. TPI significantly correlated with age, Cys, CKD-EPI (cystatin), and IMT, whereas DPI significantly depended on Cystain, CKD-EPI (cystatin; cystatin-creatinine), IMT, NT-proBNP, and troponin I. In multiple stepwise regression analysis model only CKD-EPI (cystatin) independently influenced DPI.Conclusions. Cardiovascular and kidney damage significantly influences renal cortical perfusion. Ultrasound measurement of renal perfusion could be a sensitive method for early investigation of cardiovascular and renal injuries.

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P0120FEATURES OF ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN KIDNEY TISSUE IN THE PATIENTS WHO HAVE PASSED AWAY AS A RESULT OF SEPSIS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Mehman Agayev ◽

Shalala Ismayilova ◽

Arzu Ibishova

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Early Stage ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Basal Layer ◽

Basal Membrane ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Severe Renal Failure ◽

Distal Tubules

Abstract Background and Aims It is believed that septicemia and septicopyemia can lead to functional failure of many organs, including the kidneys. In this regard, it is important to study the morphological features of ultrastructural changes in kidney tissue. Method Structural changes in renal tissue of 30 patients who died as a result of sepsis were investigated by electron-microscopy. The burial was carried out at an early stage (1-6 hours after death). The sections obtained for ultrasonic examination were examined on “James 100 S ” electron microscope after contrasting with uranyl acetate and lead citrate solution. Results An ultrastructural study of the cells of the cortical and medial layers of the kidneys revealed that there are changes in extracellular contacts and cell fragmentation as a result of lysis of the cytoplasmic membrane of cells. The integrity of the basal membrane of epithelial cells of the proximal and distal tubules are preserved. However, the basal layer did not have a homogeneous structure, intersected and transparent in certain areas. Numerous vacuoles, lipid supplements and fragments of lysed intracellular proteins in the cytoplasm have been identified in the cytoplasm of cells. Most of the nucleus was in the collapse phase. The lumen of tubules is narrow and most of the microvilli of the brush border are destructed. It was revealed that in sepsis renal failure and severe destructive changes and the formation of necrosis sites in the structural elements of the nephron as a result of bacterial toxins were mainly observed in areas where bacteria were localized. Conclusion Abnormalities of podocytes, of endothelial cells, disruption of the basal membrane layers as a result of abnormal damage of organelles especially mitochondria, changes of proximal and distal tubules may be caused by severe renal failure due to sepsis.

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Protective Effects of Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue Formula against 5/6 Nephrectomy-Induced Chronic Renal Failure in Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/589846 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jian-Rao Lu ◽

Hai-Yan Han ◽

Jie Chen ◽

Chong-Xiang Xiong ◽

Xin-Hua Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Sham Operation ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Amelioration ◽

Serious Disease

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a serious disease related to increasing incidence and prevalence as well as decline in quality of life. Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue formula (BSHX), one of traditional herbal formulations, has been clinically employed to treat CRF for decades, but the mechanisms involved have not been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BSHX on some closely related parameters in 5/6 nephrectomy CRF rats. Rats with CRF were divided into five groups, namely, one control group, one enalapril group, and three BSHX treatment groups (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg·d). The rats subjected to sham operation were used as a normal control. After eight weeks of treatment, BSHX significantly decreased the levels of Scr and BUN, downregulated the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, NF-κB, TNF-α, and OPN, upregulated the mRNA expression of PPARγ, and reducedin situexpression of fibronectin and laminins. Histological findings also showed significant amelioration of the damaged renal tissue. BSHX protects 5/6 nephrectomy rats against chronic renal failure probably via regulating the expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, TGF-β1, CTGF, PPARγ, OPN, fibronectin, and laminins and is useful for therapy of CRF.

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Intradialytic Exercise on Changes in Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Failure Patients during Hemodialysis Therapy

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2022.7271 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (G) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Wahyu Rima Agustin ◽

Wahyuningsih Safitri ◽

Dyan Kurniasari ◽

Setiyawan Setiyawan ◽

Atiek Murharyati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Sex Characteristics ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Intradialytic Exercise

Abstract BACKGROUND: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a reduction in chronic renal function that leads to non-reversible and progressive kidney tissue damage. Blood pressure is a major risk factor that can increase the mortality rate by up to 20 times in patients with chronic renal failure who are undergoing hemodialysis therapy. Intradialytic exercise is an intervention that can be used to control systolic blood pressure. AIM: This study was to analyze the effect of intradialytic exercise on changes in blood pressure in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy at Indriati Solo Baru Hospital. METHODS: The research method is quasi-experimental design pre-post with control group design. The study population was 97 dialysis patients. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling of 30 people. Data analysis using Paired t-Test. RESULTS: The research results showed that the sex characteristics of most respondents were male as many as 17 people (56.7%), the average age of the respondents was 51.03 years, the pre-intervention in the control group obtained an average systolic blood pressure of 168.93 mmHg and 106 diastole, 120 mmHg, while the blood pressure in the control group post was 173.13 mmHg systole and 107 mmHg diastoles. In the treatment group, the average blood pressure in the pre-intradialytic exercise showed 162.20 mmHg systole and 104.27 mmHg diastole, while the post-intradialytic exercise system blood pressure was 153.13 mmHg and diastole 94.33 mmHg. CONCLUSION: There is an effect of intradialytic exercise on changes in blood pressure in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy at Indriati Solo Baru Hospital with a p-value of 0.025. Intradialytic exercise can be recommended as structured physical exercise therapy for hemodialysis therapy patients. KEYWORDS: intradialytic exercise, chronic renal failure, patients, changes in blood pressure, hemodialysis

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Free Fatty Acids and Biochemical Changes in Iraqi patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.7.1.654-662 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 654-662

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Total Protein ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Biochemical Changes ◽

Ionized Calcium ◽

Control Group ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

Positive Correlation

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is progressive irreversible destruction of kidney tissue by disease which, if not treated by dialysis or transplant, will result in patient's death. This study was carried out on 30 patients (17 male and 13 female) with chronic renal failure. The aim of this research was studied the changes in the level of total protein ,albumin, calcium ,ionized calcium, phosphorous , iron ,ALP, LDH ,CK and FFA in patients with CRF before and after hemodialysis .The obtained results have been compared with 30 healthy subjects as control group (18male and 12 female). The results showed that there was significant increase in the level of calcium ,ionized calcium, phosphorous ,iron ,ALP,LDH,CK and FFA ,while there was a significant decrease in the level of total protein ,albumin before hemodialysis comparison to control group . Non significant changes was observed in the level of total protein ,albumin, calcium ,ionized calcium, phosphorous and significant increase in the level of iron ,ALP,LDH,CK and FFA after hemodialysis as compared to control group. This study shows significant positive correlation between FFA and each of albumin and total protein in pre and post-dialysis patients ,and a significant positive correlation with calcium and non significant with ionized calcium in pre-dialysis patients where as there were non significant correlation with calcium and a significant negative correlation with ionized calcium in post-dialysis patients. The conclusion of this study is hemodialysate composition (concentration of electrolytes, free –ionized calcium and some other plasma constituents), the increase concentration of other biochemical changes after renal dialysis because of amissibility a much of amounts of body fluids, and the change in acidosis status may be affect on the correlation between FFA and other parameters used in this study.

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Interaction of angiotensin II and TGF-beta 1 in the rat remnant kidney.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.1681/asn.v8111732 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1732-1738 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A Junaid ◽

M E Rosenberg ◽

T H Hostetter

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Ang Ii ◽

Tgf Beta ◽

Renal Ablation ◽

Remnant Kidney

An interaction between angiotensin (Ang) II and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 is gaining increasing recognition. Ang II has been implicated in the progression of renal disease, and TGF-beta 1 is a potent fibrosis-promoting cytokine. We sought to determine whether the beneficial effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on remnant kidney function were associated with a reduction in renal TGF-beta 1 in this model of chronic renal failure. After subtotal renal ablation, rats fed a 40% protein diet and treated with losartan not only had a reduction in systolic BP (96 +/- 8 versus 130 +/- 8 mmHg, P < 0.05, losartan versus control) and urinary protein excretion (4 +/- 5 versus 23 +/- 20 g/d, P < 0.05, losartan versus control), but also exhibited a reduction in renal TGF-beta 1 mRNA (194 +/- 64 versus 411 +/- 101 optical density units, P < 0.05, losartan versus control) and TGF-beta 1 protein levels (9.8 +/- 2.5 versus 18.6 +/- 5.8 ng/g of renal tissue, P < 0.05, losartan versus control). The elevation of TGF-beta 1 in the remnant kidney was most pronounced in the scar region (22.9 +/- 13.1 versus 5.8 +/- 3.7 ng/g, P < 0.05, scar versus nonscar). A combination of reserpine, hydralazine, and hydrochlorothiazide, although effective in lowering systemic BP in this model of chronic renal failure, was not associated with a reduction in proteinuria or TGF-beta 1. We conclude that in this model of progressive renal injury, Ang II antagonism may exert a beneficial effect in part by its negative influence on TGF-beta 1.

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Metabolism of p-aminobenzoic Acid in the Perfused Livers of Chronically Uraemic Rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0560009 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 9-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. B. Howie ◽

E. Bourke

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Benzoic Acid ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Aminobenzoic Acid ◽

Glycine Conjugate

1. Chronic renal failure was induced in rats by surgical removal of thirteen-sixteenths of renal tissue. 2. The metabolism of p-amino[14C]benzoic acid was studied in the isolated perfused livers of control and chronically uraemic rats. There was a slower rate of clearance and decreased overall metabolism of the compounds in the uraemic rats. 3. Conjugation of p-amino[14C]benzoic acid with glycine and the formation of p-aminobenzoic acid glucuronide were both significantly decreased in the uraemic rats, but there was a significant increase in acetylation of both p-aminobenzoic acid and its glycine conjugate.

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Functional Changes in the Cochlea of Guinea Pigs in Chronic Renal Failure. Electrocochleography. Effect of Noise Exposure.

Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho ◽

10.3950/jibiinkoka.100.685 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 685-693

Author(s):

Toru Ohashi ◽

Mutsumi Kenmochi ◽

Hirotsugu Kinoshita ◽

Kentaro Ochi ◽

Hitoshi Kikuchi

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Functional Changes

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ДІЄТОТЕРАПІЯ ДРІБНИХ ТВАРИН ІЗ ХРОНІЧНОЮ НИРКОВОЮ НЕДОСТАТНІСТЮ

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet7042 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽

pp. 178-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ye.S. Luhova ◽

V.O. Prys–Kadenko ◽

A.O. Kulichenko ◽

L. Kalachniuk

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Mineral Metabolism ◽

Target Organ Damage ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Diet Therapy ◽

Sustained Remission ◽

Small Animals ◽

Creatinine Concentration ◽

Appropriate Treatment

This work is devoted to the study of metabolic changes in dogs and cats with chronic renal failure (CRF) using diet–therapy during their treatment. One of the main indicators of the progression of chronic renal failure in small animals is creatininemia, hypertension and proteinuria. Diagnosing them in small animals with chronic renal failure is an important step to establish stages and substages of the disease according to International Renal Interest Society. In order to assign the appropriate treatment, monitoring it and predict the course of the disease, it was diagnosed the stages of CRF by determining the serum creatinine concentration. Along with this, there is an important determination of CRF substages depending on indices of proteinuria (clarifying its causes) and blood pressure that indicates the degree of target–organ damage. Hence, the main changes in the metabolism of the organism of small animals with chronic renal failure relate mainly metabolic processes of protein, and water–mineral metabolism. It has been determined that, during treatment, feeding cats and dogs on diet Royal Canin «Renal» (based on a low protein concentration, the required content of electrolytes, vitamins, and lipids) decreases the time of occurrence of sustained remission of animals in 4 times.

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