scholarly journals Silent Death by Sound: C60 Fullerene Sonodynamic Treatment of Cancer Cells

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Radivoievych ◽  
Benjamin Kolp ◽  
Sergii Grebinyk ◽  
Svitlana Prylutska ◽  
Uwe Ritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
Cervix Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Novel Approach

Abstract The acoustic pressure waves of ultrasound (US) penetrate biological tissues deeper than light. Another important feature of US its potential to generate light emission within the excited medium termed sonoluminescence. This promoted the idea of its use as an alternative energy source for photosensitizer excitation. Pristine C60 fullerene (C60), an excellent photosensitizer, was explored in the frame of cancer sonodynamic therapy (SDT). For that purpose, we analyzed C60 effects on human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells in combination with a low intensity US treatment. The time-dependent accumulation of C60 in HeLa cells reached its maximum at 24 h (800 ± 66 ng / 106 cells). Half of extranuclear C60 localized within mitochondria. The efficiency of C60 nanostructure’s sonoexcitation with 1 MHz US was tested with cell viability assay. A significant proapoptotic sonotoxic effect was found for HeLa cells. C60’s ability to induce apoptosis of carcinoma cells after sonoexcitation with US provides a promising novel approach for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Label-free cell viability assay using phase imaging with computational specificity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenfei Hu ◽  
Shenghua He ◽  
Young Jae Lee ◽  
Yuchen He ◽  
Edward M. Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Cell Dynamics ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Cell Staining

AbstractExisting approaches to evaluate cell viability involve cell staining with chemical reagents. However, this step of exogenous staining makes these methods undesirable for rapid, nondestructive and long term investigation. Here, we present instantaneous viability assessment of unlabeled cells using phase imaging with computation specificity (PICS). This new concept utilizes deep learning techniques to compute viability markers associated with the specimen measured by quantitative phase imaging. Demonstrated on HeLa cells culture, the proposed method reports approximately 95% accuracy in identifying injured and dead cells. Further comparison of cell morphology with labeled HeLa cells suggests that potential adverse effect on cell dynamics introduced by the viability reagents can be avoided using the label-free investigation method, which would be valuable for a broad range of biomedical applications.

Spectroscopic Identifi cation of New Ellagitannins and a Trigalloylglucosylkaempferol from an Extract of Euphorbia cotinifolia L. with Antitumour and Antioxidant Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Marzouk ◽  
Fatma A. Moharram ◽  
Amira Gamal-Eldeen ◽  
Iman M. Damlakhy
Keyword(s):  
Antitumour Activity ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Hct 116

5From an extract of leaves and small branches of Euphorbia cotinifolia L., 17 polyphenols were isolated including two new ellagitannins and a trigalloyl-glucosylkaempferol. Based on extensive spectral data (UV, ESI-MS, 1H NMR, DEPT and 1D/2D NMR) and chemical studies, their structures were characterized as 1-O-galloyl-3,6-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-DB1,4- glucopyranose (), 1-O-galloyl-3,6-valoneoyl-D-B1,4-glucopyranose (6), and kaempferol 3-O-(2”,3”,6”-tri-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (13). Biological evaluation indicated that the 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME), chloroform extract (CE), and some pure compounds have potent scavenging activity in the DPPH assay with SC50 values lower than that of ascorbic acid, especially 5, 7 - 9, and a mixture of hyperin 6”-gallate (11) and isoquercitrin 6”-gallate (12). Moreover, using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay, 6 and 8 exhibited the highest inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep-G2), while AME, CE, 5, 7, 9, and the mixture of 11 and 12 were found to be moderate growth inhibitors according to their IC50 values. In addition, AME, 5, and 8 exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against colon carcinoma cells (HCT-116); however, CE and the other examined compounds displayed moderate to low antitumour activity against HCT-116 cells

scholarly journals Flexicaulin A, An ent-Kaurane Diterpenoid, Activates p21 and Inhibits the Proliferation of Colorectal Carcinoma Cells through a Non-Apoptotic Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixuan Xia ◽  
Chu Shing Lam ◽  
Wanfei Li ◽  
Md. Shahid Sarwar ◽  
Kanglun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Human Carcinoma ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Human Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Apoptotic Mechanism

Natural products, explicitly medicinal plants, are an important source of inspiration of antitumor drugs, because they contain astounding amounts of small molecules that possess diversifying chemical entities. For instance, Isodon (formerly Rabdosia), a genus of the Lamiaceae (formerly Labiatae) family, has been reported as a rich source of natural diterpenes. In the current study, we evaluated the in vitro anti-proliferative property of flexicaulin A (FA), an Isodon diterpenoid with an ent-kaurane structure, in human carcinoma cells, by means of cell viability assay, flow cytometric assessment, quantitative polymerase chain reaction array, Western blotting analysis, and staining experiments. Subsequently, we validated the in vivo antitumor efficacy of FA in a xenograft mouse model of colorectal carcinoma. From our experimental results, FA appears to be a potent antitumor molecule, since it significantly attenuated the proliferation of human colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro and restricted the growth of corresponsive xenograft tumors in vivo without causing any adverse effects. Regarding its molecular mechanism, FA considerably elevated the expression level of p21 and induced cell cycle arrest in the human colorectal carcinoma cells. While executing a non-apoptotic mechanism, we believe the antitumor potential of FA opens up new horizons for the therapy of colorectal malignancy.

scholarly journals The Sea Star Igkappa Gene and Cancerology

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Cervix Carcinoma ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Axial Organ ◽  
Cancerous Cells

It was shown 32 years ago that the sea star axial organ cells (AO cells) produced a spontaneous cytotoxicity against mouse cancerous cells. Recently, we discovered a sea star Igkappa gene with immune properties. This gene was inserted in a CMV (cytomegalovirus) and finally in a plasmid called « young » plasmid. The induced« young » protein exerted a spontaneous cytotoxicity against Hela cells (cervix carcinoma cells) and at a weaker degree against dendritic celle, MSC cells.

scholarly journals Novel Ribosome-inactivating Protein (RIP) Isolated from Trichosanthes dioica Induces Apoptosis in HeLa Cell Line

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
T. Ghosh ◽  
◽  
Y. Vashi ◽  
K. Barman ◽  
L. I. Singha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Ribosome Inactivating Protein ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Ribosome Inactivating Proteins ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Trichosanthes Dioica ◽  
Parp 1

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxic N-glycosidases that depurinate eukaryotic and prokaryotic rRNAs and thus interrupt protein synthesis during translation. In the present study, a protein of around 32 kDa, supposedly a RIP isolated from Trichosanthes dioica, was assessed for its potential to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. Cell viability assay was done to measure cell proliferation and survivability. It was observed that cells viability decreased with the increase of decrease in dilution, i.e. when the sample was an undiluted one, the viability decreased drastically and almost came to less than 10%. To further check whether the isolated RIP could induce apoptosis, HeLa cells were treated with the test RIP. Immunoblotting was carried out using PARP poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1), a 113 kDa nuclear enzyme, which is considered a hallmark of cells undergoing apoptosis. HeLa cells were further analyzed for loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with JC-1 dye, which is an early event during apoptosis. Increased PARP breakdown in the RIP treated cells indicates that cells undergoing apoptosis and progressive loss of red J-aggregate fluorescence indicate that the isolated RIP from Trichosanthes dioica induces apoptosis in HeLa cells. The ability of apoptosis induction is comparable to another known RIP from Momordica charantia, which was used as a positive control. Promising results from the present study warrants the isolated RIP to be further explored for anticancer activities.

scholarly journals Aqueous C60 Fullerene Solution Effects on Cell Viability

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Lība Sokolovska ◽  
Maksims Čistjakovs ◽  
Alīna Sultanova ◽  
Modra Murovska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
Solvent Exchange ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Carbon Cage ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Fullerene Solution ◽  
Water Effects ◽  
Low Solubility

Abstract Fullerenes are carbon nanoparticles with the ability to quench reactive oxygen species. The biomedical potential of fullerenes is diminished by their low solubility in water, but many approaches have been developed to bypass this problem, like chemical modification of the carbon cage and the use of the solvent exchange method to transfer fullerenes from one solvent to the other. These two approaches were used in this study. Carboxylated fullerene aqueous solution was acquired using solvent exchange method transferring fullerene nanoparticles (C60) from toluene to water. Effects of varying concentration (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 5, 10 µM) of aqueous fullerene solution on cell viability and their antioxidative capabilities were evaluated on PC-3 and on monocytes isolated from a blood donor using Resazurin Cell Viability Assay. PC-3 cell viability was drastically affected by the 10 µM fullerene solution but remained relatively stable when treated with other concentrations even after longer periods of incubation with resazurin dye. Elevated cell viability was observed in monocytes treated with various fullerene concentrations, possibly indicative of fullerene protective activity against oxidative stress.

Proliferative Effect of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) Lectin on BALB/c Mice Splenocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 887-892
Author(s):  
Cynarha Daysy Cardoso da Silva ◽  
Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo ◽  
Elba Verônica Matoso Maciel Carvalho ◽  
Mércia Andréa Lino da Silva ◽  
Rosiely Félix Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Con A ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Proliferative Effect ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

Background: Lectins have been studied in recent years due to their immunomodulatory activities. Objective: We purified a lectin named OniL from tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and here we analyzed the cell proliferation and cytokine production in Balb/c mice splenocytes. Methods: Cells were stimulated in vitro in 24, 48, 72 hours and 6 days with different concentrations of OniL and Con A. Evaluation of cell proliferation was performed through [3H]-thymidine incorporation, cytokines were investigated using ELISA assay and cell viability assay was performed by investigation of damage through signals of apoptosis and necrosis. Results: OniL did not promote significant cell death, induced high mitogenic activity in relation to control and Con A and stimulated the cells to release high IL-2 and IL-6 cytokines. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, like Con A, OniL lectin can be used as a mitogenic agent in immunostimulatory assays.

Do We have a Satisfactory Cell Viability Assay? Review of the Currently Commercially-Available Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Baset Halim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Current Cell ◽  
Dying Cells ◽  
Differential Permeability

:Cell-based assays are an important part of the drug discovery process and clinical research. One of the main hurdles is to design sufficiently robust assays with adequate signal to noise parameters while maintaining the inherent physiology of the cells and not interfering with the pharmacology of target being investigated.:A plethora of assays that assess cell viability (or cell heath in general) are commercially available and can be classified under different categories according to their concepts and principle of reactions. The assays are valuable tools, however, suffer from a large number of limitations. Some of these limitations can be procedural or operational, but others can be critical as those related to a poor concept or the lack of proof of concept of an assay, e.g. those relying on differential permeability of dyes in-and-out of viable versus compromised cell membranes. While the assays can differentiate between dead and live cells, most, if not all, of them can just assess the relative performance of cells rather than providing a clear distinction between healthy and dying cells. The possible impact of relatively high molecular weight dyes, used in most of the assay, on cell viability has not been addressed. More innovative assays are needed, and until better alternatives are developed, setup of current cell-based studies and data interpretation should be made with the limitations in mind. Negative and positive control should be considered whenever feasible. Also, researchers should use more than one orthogonal method for better assessment of cell health.

SPARC regulates ferroptosis induced by sorafenib in human hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hong-Wei Hua ◽  
Hao-Sheng Jiang ◽  
Ling Jia ◽  
Yi-Ping Jia ◽  
Yu-Lan Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Ldh Release ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Hcc Cells

BACKGROUND: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is implicated in cancer progression, but its role and associated molecular mechanism in the sorafenib sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) remains elusive. METHODS: Human HCC cell lines Hep3B and HepG2 were treated with sorafenib alone or combined with activator or inhibitor of ferroptosis. Cell viability assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and western blot were used to study the regulatory mechanism of SPARC on HCC cells. RESULTS: Overexpression of SPARC enhanced the cytotoxic effect of sorafenib in Hep3B and HepG2 cells compared with parental cells. Depletion of SPARC decreased the cytotoxic effect of sorafenib in Hep3B and HepG2 cells compared with parental cells. Moreover, overexpression of SPARC significantly induced LDH release, whereas depletion of SPARC suppressed the release of LDH in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Inhibition of ferroptosis exerted a clear inhibitory role against LDH release, whereas activation of ferroptosis promoted the release of LDH in HCC cells, as accompanied with deregulated expression of ferroptosis-related proteins. Furthermore, overexpression of SPARC induced oxidative stress, whereas depletion of SPARC suppressed the production of ROS. Deferoxamine (DFX)-induced inhibition of ferroptosis suppressed the production of ROS, while activation of ferroptosis promoted the contents of ROS in HCC cells exposed to sorafenib. CONCLUSION: Our findings give a better understanding of ferroptosis and its molecular mechanism in HCC cells that is regulated by SPARC in response to sorafenib.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Halofuginone Enantiomers on Muscle Fibrosis and Histopathology in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7063
Author(s):  
Sharon Mordechay ◽  
Shaun Smullen ◽  
Paul Evans ◽  
Olga Genin ◽  
Mark Pines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Muscle Fibrosis ◽  
Antifibrotic Therapy ◽  
Racemic Form ◽  
Viability Assay

Progressive loss of muscle and muscle function is associated with significant fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. Halofuginone, an analog of febrifugine, prevents fibrosis in various animal models, including those of muscular dystrophies. Effects of (+)/(−)-halofuginone enantiomers on motor coordination and diaphragm histopathology in mdx mice, the mouse model for DMD, were examined. Four-week-old male mice were treated with racemic halofuginone, or its separate enantiomers, for 10 weeks. Controls were treated with saline. Racemic halofuginone-treated mice demonstrated better motor coordination and balance than controls. However, (+)-halofuginone surpassed the racemic form’s effect. No effect was observed for (−)-halofuginone, which behaved like the control. A significant reduction in collagen content and degenerative areas, and an increase in utrophin levels were observed in diaphragms of mice treated with racemic halofuginone. Again, (+)-halofuginone was more effective than the racemic form, whereas (−)-halofuginone had no effect. Both racemic and (+)-halofuginone increased diaphragm myofiber diameters, with no effect for (−)-halofuginone. No effects were observed for any of the compounds tested in an in-vitro cell viability assay. These results, demonstrating a differential effect of the halofuginone enantiomers and superiority of (+)-halofuginone, are of great importance for future use of (+)-halofuginone as a DMD antifibrotic therapy.

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