Psychological Distress And Smoking Behaviors of Chinese College Students: Mediating Effects of The Dimensions of Learning Burnout

Abstract Objectives: Smokers or never smokers exposed to environmental tobacco use (ETS) are usually associated with various diseases and cancers. In order to better help college students prevent the tobacco use and thus preclude the incidences of avoidable diseases, this study explored the predictive power of different variables including demographic and psychological variables in relation to smoking behaviors. Methods: Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used in this study. Results: The multivariate logistic regression indicated that college students who were male (versus female, OR = 9.55), majoring in medicine and sports (versus nursing, ORmedicine = 2.19, ORsports=2.81), born in the non-singleton family (versus singleton family, OR= 0.63) with higher family income (versus lower family income, OR = 0.45), surrounded with smoking friends (versus without smoking friends, OR= 0.18), were more vulnerable to smoke. In addition, combined with the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the dimensions of learning burnout had full mediation effects between psychological distress and smoking behavior. Conclusions: Psychological distress can only indirectly affect smoking behavior via learning efficacy, cynicism and emotional exhaustion. Adjustment from different dimensions of learning burnout will help college students better prevent the tobacco use.

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Perceived Stigma Towards Psychological Illness in Relation to Psychological Distress Among Medical Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Academic Psychiatry ◽

10.1007/s40596-020-01247-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 538-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dalal Ibrahim Alfayez ◽

Norah Ali AlShehri

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Medical Students ◽

Family Income ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Perceived Stigma ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Distress Scale ◽

Strongly Agree ◽

Distress Scale

Abstract Objective Due to the high prevalence of psychological distress among medical students and its related functional and cognitive implications, this study aimed to investigate the association between perceived stigma and psychological distress, estimate the prevalence of each level of distress among medical students, and determine the independent significant risk factors of outcome variables for each level of psychological distress. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed that surveyed medical students at King Saud University in 2018. Using the modified and validated stigma scale for receiving psychological help along with Kessler psychological distress scale, the survey measured perceived stigma towards mental illness in relation to the level of psychological distress. Results Among the 524 participants, 395 surveys were completed. Participants had a mean age of 21.56 years old, and 53% were female. The overall prevalence of severe psychological distress was 30.7% (N = 161). Furthermore, 25.6% of participants reported experiencing moderate distress (N = 134). Additionally, a significant association was found between females and severe psychological distress. Moreover, family income was significantly associated with severe psychological distress in the extreme lower and upper groups (5000–10,000 SR and above 20,000 SR). Participants with high levels of psychological distress were more likely than those with low levels to agree or strongly agree with 3 out of 10 items related to perceived stigma. Conclusions Medical students with moderate/severe psychological distress disclosed more concerns regarding stigma, particularly about perceived consequences of their mental health issues being revealed to others. Such opinions could cause physical health problems and decrease quality of life.

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Are E-cigarette Users a Unique Group of Smokers? Latent Class Analysis of the National Youth Tobacco Survey

Journal of Drug Education ◽

10.1177/0047237920980483 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 004723792098048

Author(s):

Lawrence M. Scheier ◽

Martin Komarc

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Latent Class ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Heavy Smoking ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Smoking Behaviors

We used data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey to examine patterns of cigarette smoking behavior and tobacco use. In light of the recent upsurge in e-cigarette use, we modeled current use and future intentions to use vape products along with combustible cigarette smoking and other tobacco products (i.e., cigars, cigarillos, chew, snuff, and dip). Latent class analyses indicated four discrete classes of smokers including a nominally involved class with very modest levels of tobacco product use, a class blending e-cigarette and cigars, a class of youth who predominantly use combustible cigarettes, and a group reporting indiscriminate use of almost all tobacco products excluding chew. Tests of invariance in item response probabilities and latent class proportions showed little variation across race and gender, albeit a new class of combustible cigarette and e-cigarette users emerged when examined by grade. Members of the heavy smoking and tobacco use class were more likely to be male, White, and older. Predictors of class membership included expectancies (perceived benefits of use), perceived harm (risk), media exposure, tobacco dependence, and the desire to quit. Findings are discussed in terms of characterizing risk among already smoking youth and how actionable prevention measures can be incorporated into existing universal and indicated programs that target reducing tobacco use and smoking behaviors.

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The Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Intervention Program Based upon a Process Model of Health Motivation

Journal of Psychological Research ◽

10.30564/jpr.v2i1.1294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Xu ◽

Liyan Zhao ◽

David Mellor

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Process Model ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Health Motivation ◽

Cessation Intervention ◽

Smoking Behaviors

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of participation in a health motivation-based intervention program on college students’ smoking behavior. One hundred and seventy smokers (mean age = 19.0 years, 151 males) from nine colleges and universities in Chengdu, China were randomly assigned to one of 5 groups that received between one and four sessions of the intervention, or no intervention. The intervention sessions included sequential activities based on the stages of the process model of health motivation. Each group completed questionnaires assessing health motivation and smoking behaviors at pre-test, immediately post-intervention, and at one month follow-up. Analyses indicated that the intervention program did improve participants’ health motivation, and that was associated with reduced levels of smoking relative to baseline. The greater the number of sessions, the greater the reduction in smoking.

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Givers Feel the Heat, Too: Experience of Burning out under Fire of Psychological Distress among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic

International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal ◽

10.9734/indj/2021/v16i230172 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 36-45

Author(s):

Lateef Olutoyin Oluwole ◽

Adetunji Obadeji ◽

Mobolaji Usman Dada

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

High Risk ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Distress Scale

Background: Burnout is considered a condition of great public concern due to its biopsychosocial consequences which include poor quality of life. Healthcare providers have been described as high-risk population for experiencing burnout. Psychological distress is also considered a strong predictor of experience of burnout among healthcare workers who are burdened with the demand of the healthcare system. This is particularly so with healthcare workers in sub-Saharan Africa. The period of COVID-19 might have impacted on the burden of burnout experienced by healthcare professionals. Objective: This study was to determine the burden of burnout and its relationship with psychosocial variables among healthcare workers in a tertiary health care facility. Methods: The sample for this study was from a population of healthcare workers in a tertiary healthcare facility in southwest Nigeria. The questionnaire comprised three sections: information on socio-demographic work-related characteristics of the respondents; Maslach-Burnout-Inventory (MBI), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) used in screening mental distress among the respondents. Student t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the means scores of respondents on both the MBI and K-10 scales. Results: A total of 214 healthcare workers with mean age of 36.49±9.05 participated in the study. Seventy-six (35.5%) of the respondents had high burnout level on MBI. There was statistically significant difference in the mean score emotional exhaustion subscale of burnout experience for gender The mean score on emotional exhaustion dimension in doctors was significantly higher than the nurses. Emotional exhaustion correlated negatively with respondents’ years of experience at work (r = -0.181, p = 0.008). Thirty-seven (17.3%) of the respondents suffered mild to severe psychological distress as indicated by their scores on the Kessler scale of psychological distress. Conclusion: The study brought to the fore the relevant correlates of burnout in the high-risk group of essential healthcare providers.

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Community Smoking Behavior in Changqiao, Shanghai

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1010539507311182 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 94-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Pinpin Zheng ◽

Yingying Fu ◽

Yimin Lu ◽

Ming Ji ◽

Melbourne F. Hovell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Sampling Design ◽

Local Community ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽

Current Smoking ◽

The Past ◽

Smoking Behaviors

China has observed increasing tobacco use in the past decade. Only a few studies describing smoking behavior were reported at the community level in China. The present research aimed to obtain baseline data on tobacco use and factors that influence smoking behaviors in a local community in Shanghai, China. A total of 2100 residents in Changqiao, Shanghai, between ages 13 and 84 years were surveyed using a multistage proportional random sampling design. On the basis of that, a subsampling was conducted, and 1500 residents were randomly selected to avoid a cluster effect. There were 28.3% ever smokers (53.3% for men and 2.3% for women) and 23.5% current smokers (44.2% for men and 1.9% for women). Men ages 40 to 49 years smoked the most (more than 17 cigarettes per day on average). Age, education, and marital status were significant predictors of current smoking among men. Only 13.4% of current smokers were willing to quit. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was 30.4% among nonsmokers. Smoking and secondhand smoking are serious problems in Changqiao, Shanghai. Comprehensive and intensive interventions should be implemented to motivate quitting and reduce secondhand smoke exposure.

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Burnout, malestar psicológico y satisfacción con la vida en policías durante la contingencia sanitaria por COVID-19. Un estudio exploratorio

Archivos de Medicina (Manizales) ◽

10.30554/archmed.21.2.4118.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

José Luis Rojas Solís ◽

Manuel Edgardo Hernández Corona ◽

Brandon Enrique Bernardino García Ramírez ◽

Vicente Arturo López Cortés

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Human Services ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Psychological Distress Scale ◽

Distress Scale

Objetivo: el síndrome de burnout es una condición surgida a partir de la demanda excesiva de energía, recursos y disponibilidad de los trabajadores, repercute en la integridad de quienes lo padecen. El objetivo de este estudio exploratorio, pionero, fue analizar el grado de síndrome burnout, malestar psicológico y satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de oficiales de policía mexicanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal, con alcances exploratorios, descriptivos y correlacionales con 27 policías del estado de Puebla [México], entre los 19 y 43 años de edad. Se utilizaron las escalas Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, Kessler’s Psychological Distress Scale y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida. Resultados: resalta una prevalencia alta de despersonalización en el 81,5% de la muestra; realización personal baja, en un 55,6%; y un agotamiento emocional alto, en el 37%. El 63% indicó malestar psicológico moderado y el 51,9%, una alta satisfacción con la vida. De igual forma, se identificaron asociaciones parciales entre las variables incluidas. Conclusiones: conviene adelantar nuevas investigaciones orientadas a detectar y promover factores protectores, mecanismos de defensa y tratamientos correspondientes para disminuir los índices del síndrome de quemarse en el trabajo en el sector policial.

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