scholarly journals Geographically Masking Addresses to Study COVID-19 Clusters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Houfaf-Khoufaf ◽  
Guillaume Touya
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Local Cluster ◽  
The Real ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Anonymized Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Crisis Managers

Abstract The spatial analysis of health data usually raises geoprivacy issues. But with the virulence of COVID-19, scientists and crisis managers do need to analyse the spatio-temporal distribution and spreading of the disease with spatially precise data. In particular, it is useful to locate each case on a map to identify clusters of cases in space and time. To allow such analyses with breach of geoprivacy, geomasking techniques are necessary. This paper experiments the geomasking techniques from the literature to solve this problem: masking the real address of positive cases while preserving the local cluster patterns. In particular, two different approaches based on aggregation and perturbation are adapted to the geomasking of addresses in areas with different densities of population. A new simulated crowding method is also proposed to preserve clusters as much as possible. The results show that geomasking techniques can spatially anonymize addresses while preserving clusters, and the best geomasking method depends on the use of the anonymized data.

scholarly journals Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (252) ◽  
pp. 617-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAKOB F. STEINER ◽  
PASCAL BURI ◽  
EVAN S. MILES ◽  
SILVAN RAGETTLI ◽  
FRANCESCA PELLICCIOTTI
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Glacier Tongue ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Glacier Flow

ABSTRACTIce cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers have received increased attention due to their role in amplifying local melt. However, very few studies have looked at these features on the catchment scale to determine their patterns and changes in space and time. We have compiled a detailed inventory of cliffs and ponds in the Langtang catchment, central Himalaya, from six high-resolution satellite orthoimages and DEMs between 2006 and 2015, and a historic orthophoto from 1974. Cliffs cover between 1.4% (± 0.4%) in the dry and 3.4% (± 0.9%) in the wet seasons and ponds between 0.6% (± 0.1%) and 1.6% (± 0.3%) of the total debris-covered tongues. We find large variations between seasons, as cliffs and ponds tend to grow in the wetter monsoon period, but there is no obvious trend in total area over the study period. The inventory further shows that cliffs are predominately north-facing irrespective of the glacier flow direction. Both cliffs and ponds appear in higher densities several hundred metres from the terminus in areas where tributaries reach the main glacier tongue. On the largest glacier in the catchment ~10% of all cliffs and ponds persisted over nearly a decade.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of AIDS in the state of Maranhão: an ecological study 2011-2018

2022 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Cristina Sousa ◽  
Tereza Cristina Silva ◽  
Thaís Furtado Ferreira ◽  
Arlene de Jesus Mendes Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Global And Local

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of AIDS cases in Maranhão. Methods: Ecological study of AIDS cases in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, 2011-2018. Gross and adjusted incidences were calculated using the Baysean method; then, the Moran Global and Local Indices to observe the existence of spatial autocorrelation of the cases and for the delimitation of high and low risk clusters. Results: 6,349 cases were reported, which were distributed heterogeneously. There was an advance of cases to new areas and persistence in old areas, such as in the capital São Luís and its surroundings. The dissemination did not occur at random, with positive spatial autocorrelation, with evidence of the formation of clusters in the municipalities of São Luís, São José de Ribamar and Paço do Lumiar. Conclusion: High-risk areas have been identified and should be considered a priority for investment in health, management, and organization of health services.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUSI SPASIO -TEMPORAL NITROGEN DI DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR DANAU TONDANO PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Wantasen ◽  
Joudie N. Luntungan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Laboratory Water

The spatio temporal distribution of nitrogen in catchment area of   Lake Tondano wasimportant to investigate because agricultural residue comes from the catchment potentiallydecreased water quality in Lake Tondano. The purpose of this study was to examine thedistribution of nitrogen spatially and temporally in the catchment area of Lake Tondano.The study was conducted in the field and laboratory. Water quality sampling conducted byusing composite sampling on the rivers, lake Tondano and outlet of irrigation channels.The data collected was the total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia in 2001, 2008 and 2014. Datawere analyzed using Graph Method and Spatial Analysis.        The results showed that the distribution of total nitrogen that has a high concentrationfound in the outlet streams and irrigation canals outlet. High nitrate accumulates in theoutlet of Lake Tondano. Nitrate concentration can be divided into 9 (nine) classes, namelyconcentration of 0.100 to 0.211 mg / l; 0.211 to 0.322 mg / l;  0.322 to 0.433 mg / l;  0.433 to0.544 mg / l; From 0.544 to 0.655 mg / l; From 0.655 to 0.766 mg / l; 0.766 to 0.877 mg / l;0.877 to 0.988 mg / l; and 0,988- 1,100 mg / l. Ammonia, spatially spread evenly on thesurface of Lake Tondano. Ammonia concentration can be divided into 9 (nine) class is aclass that has a concentration of 0.000 to 0.064 mg / l; From 0.064 to 0.129 mg / l; 0.129 to0.193 mg / l; From 0.193 to 0.258 mg / l; 0.258 to 0.322 mg / l; 0.322 to 0.387 mg / l; From0.387 to 0.451 mg / l; 0.451 to 0.516 mg / l; and from 0.516 to 0.580 mg / l. Concentrationsof nitrate and ammonia fluctuated from year to year of observation. This was influenced byfertilization in rice fields.

“I WANT TO SLEEP” BY CHEKHOV. POETICS “JUSTIFYING” VAR’KA

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Еlena I. Seifert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Strong Stimulus ◽  
The Real ◽  
Front Door ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The author of the article proves that by means of poetics (at the spatio-temporal, motivic, subject-object, plot-compositional, speech and other levels), the deliberate involvement of physiological (the cry of an infant as a strong stimulus, the lack of description and concretization of the child) and medical data (receptive and cognitive disorders in humans with insufficient sleep) Chekhov “justifies” his heroine. Forcing the severity of the heroine’s emotional state, coupled with a change in the chronotope (night, the owners’ room; day, the owners’ apartment, front door, shop; night, the owners’ room), as a result, demonstrates an affective state (madness) that makes Var’ka insane at the time of the crime. Chronologically, Chekhov pushes the murder event to the very end of the work, gradually arousing in the reader empathy for Var’ka, for example, through a narrator who can see events through her eyes, and the specifics of the speech addressed to the heroine (orders, threats, insults) and of that coming from her (automatic purring lullaby). Within the work, in the course of the plot, the space of the heroine’s dream and reality dwindles the author thickens her emotional state; half-reality stratifies into the reality and dream, takes up more and more space and time and gradually turns into madness. The real, albeit indirect, murderers of the child are his parents.

Analysis of the Spatio-Temporal Distribution ofEurygaster integriceps(Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) By Using Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices and Geostatistics

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Karimzadeh ◽  
M. J. Hejazi ◽  
H. Helali ◽  
S. Iranipour ◽  
S. A. Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Stochastic simulation of the spatio-temporal field of the average daily heat index in Southern Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
N Kargapolova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Waves ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Gaussian Field ◽  
The Real ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Field

Numerical models of the heat index time series and spatio-temporal fields can be used for a variety of purposes, from the study of the dynamics of heat waves to projections of the influence of future climate on humans. To conduct these studies one must have efficient numerical models that successfully reproduce key features of the real weather processes. In this study, 2 numerical stochastic models of the spatio-temporal non-Gaussian field of the average daily heat index (ADHI) are considered. The field is simulated on an irregular grid determined by the location of weather stations. The first model is based on the method of the inverse distribution function. The second model is constructed using the normalization method. Real data collected at weather stations located in southern Russia are used to both determine the input parameters and to verify the proposed models. It is shown that the first model reproduces the properties of the real field of the ADHI more precisely compared to the second one, but the numerical implementation of the first model is significantly more time consuming. In the future, it is intended to transform the models presented to a numerical model of the conditional spatio-temporal field of the ADHI defined on a dense spatio-temporal grid and to use the model constructed for the stochastic forecasting of the heat index.

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