Dampak Covid 19 Terhadap Ekonomi dan Lingkungan di Bali

The island of Bali as one of the tourism centers in Indonesia has felt the huge impact of Covid 19. The economy of Bali, which relies on tourism with natural and cultural beauty, has experienced a very drastic decline. Data shows that the number of foreign tourists to Bali in January 2021 has decreased as deep as 93.33%, compared to the record in December 2020 and when compared to January 2020, the number of foreign tourists to Bali was recorded to have decreased by almost 100%, namely -99.998% (BPS, 2021). This paper aims to determine the impact of Covid 19 on the economy of Bali, which relies on environmental and cultural sustainability-based tourism as a tourist attraction. This paper uses a literature review analysis related to the economic and environmental impacts in Bali caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on the economy of Bali which relies on environmental and cultural sustainability-based tourism as a tourist attraction is enormous. The economic downturn and the increase in the volume of Hazardous waste due to the pandemic are real problems to be faced, although environmental restoration will greatly benefit Bali's future sustainability

Prediction Landslide Location Area Using ANN (Case study in Bangli Regency, Bali Indonesia)

Landslides are significant geo-hazards heavily impacting many regions of the world regarding human lives and economic losses. The large magnitude of natural forces involved in landslides makes actions of mitigation or prevention unfeasible, with exceptions for minor occurrences or under special conditions. Many old methods have been applied in landslide management and/or prediction, such as overlays or weighting methods. The newest/advanced methods are still being developed and one of the newest methods is Artificial Neural Network (ANN). ANN are biologically inspired computer programs designed to simulate how the human brain processes information. Many types of ANN exist; the most famous one is Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network Algorithm with FeedForward model. MLP consists of three parts: the input layers as neurons representing the value of data; the hidden layer, which demonstrates the network training process; and the output layer, which provides the prediction of the landslide areas. In this research, the input layer consists of landslide location characteristics, such as the rainfall intensity, land cover, slope, geological types, and rate displacement of landslides. As a case study, Bangli Regency was selected. In 2017 there was a landslide disaster in the Kintamani District, Bangli Regency, which resulted in dozens of people missing or dead, and several houses destroyed. In this study different numbers of neurons were used in the hidden layer (15, 50, 100, and 150 neurons). The best performance is obtained at 150 neurons, with 0.9677 (96,77%) for the test set.

Analisis Dampak Oil Spill Di Teluk Balikpapan Terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Hukum Dan Lingkungan

One form of marine pollution is an oil spill that can come from the fault of tanker activity while operating.An example of the case is the incident of oil spill in Balikpapan Bay due to the leak of pertamina's oil pipeline in 2018, 5 thousand liters of oil spilled and polluted the sea with an area of more than 12 thousand hectares.Using normative juridical methods, researchers will conduct an analysis of the impact of the oil spill in Balikpapan Bay on the lives of the surrounding community based on legal and environmental perspectives.The purpose of the author by making this paper is to know how the process of tackling and impacting oil spills so far for the surrounding community based on the law and the environment, can also be an input for the government to be able to resolve the case of oil spill in balikpapan bay that has lasted about 3 years, so that the lives of local people can run smoothly as before the oil spill incident.

Willingness To Pay Konsumen Pengguna Air Di Sub-Das Kali Dendeng – Kota Kupang

Global awareness towards climate change has been a serious concern for archipelago countries due to water shortage. This problem even causes more serious life-threating phenomenon because water is one of the main resources for energy circulation. Whether change anomalies have brought about impacts on seasonal shift on several islands of Indonesia, including those in East Nusa Tenggara province. These islands experience drought. Fresh water availability for industry and domestic use in cities like Kupang has been a serious problem. This issue becomes worse in recent years due to significant increase of city population. Public responsibility to maintain natural environment and resources is therefore required. This study tries to investigate public concerns over the water shortage issue in order (1) to know to what extent public is willing to pay their consumption of fresh water provided through Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng; and (2) to analyze factors that influence the willingness of the fresh water consumers to pay for environment services provided at Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng. Quantitative approach which relies on primary and secondary data gathered through interview and field observation is applied in this study. The data were analyzed by using Dichotomous Choice CVM, Turnbull Method, and Logistic Regression to find out WTP value. The results of this analysis are described within the environmental science perspective to find out the relationship among various factors for being water consumer responsibility towards water resources preservation at Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng in Kupang. The results of the analysis show that the willingness to pay for fresh water by consumer at Kelurahan Manutapen, Mantasi dan Airmata is significantly high. They are willing to pay between Rp. 3.362 to Rp.11.328 according to WTP calculation. This amount is much higher than that determined by the city freshwater supplier company (PDAM). The facts for the reason why the consumers are willing to pay for higher amount for fresh water supply are determined by several factors; they include bidding value, consumer’s level of education, consumer’s income, water quality, and the amount of the family members. These factors simultaneously influence the water consumer willingness to pay for the water they consume; and this willingness factor has significantly high impacts as seen in Negelkerke R. Square value at 0,600, or being comparable to 60%; meaning that various factors of 60% in Y are able to explain all free variable in X. Respondents for this study are those who use fresh water supplied from Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng, and those who reside around the Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng. It is believed that there must be more citizens around the Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng, who also contribute negative impact toward the ecological environmental change, yet these individuals have no direct responsibility, and therefore the responsibility for the environmental conservation examined trough this study might not be thoroughly measured by the amount of WTP they pay.

Checklist, Indeks Ekologi, dan Status Konservasi Komunitas Fauna Akuatik di Kawasan Sungai Unda dan Sekitar Pantai Jumpai, Kabupaten Klungkung, Provinsi Bali

Aquatic organisms or nekton have an important role in supporting the stability of the aquatic environment and human life. This study aims to determine the nekton type community, ecological index, and their conservation status in the Unda River area and around Jumpai Beach, Klungkung Regency, Bali. The study was conducted in July - August 2020. The study was conducted in 2 communities, namely Macrozoobenthos and Nekton. Macrozoobenthos samples were collected using the quadratic method in the Jumpai Beach area and the direct observation method along the Unda River. Nekton communities are collected through primary data using "survey methods" and secondary data through interviews with fishermen and local communities. The ecological index data were analyzed using the Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H'), dominance index (C), and uniformity index (E), while the data on Nekton type and conservation status were analyzed descriptively. The nekton species community in the waters of the Unda River and Jumpai Beach areas was obtained as many as 26 species in 21 families which were dominated by Kepala Timah (Aplocheilus panchax) and sepat rawa (Trichogaster trichopterus), while Nautica sp for the Macrozoobenthos community. The ecological index of the aquatic community is the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H') value of 2.98 (moderate), the wealth index (R) of 3.95 (moderate), and the evenness index (E) of 1.21. (High). The highest percentage ratio of nekton communities was obtained by the Macrozoobenthos community, namely 53%, while the nekton species was 46%. Conservation status shows that 13 species are included in the LC (Least Concern) category, 12 species are included in the NE (Not Evaluated) category, and 1 species are included in the VU (Vulnerable) category.

Perbandingan Estimasi Radar Cuaca Dopler Baron Terhadap Data Observasi Kejadian Hujan Di Kota Kupang

Radar is able to provide information about extreme weather observations in the form of heavy rain, so it is important to find the level of accuracy of the radar in providing extreme weather information. So that with accurate data disaster mitigation can be done by creating an early warning system using radar data in order to minimize the impact that will occur. Comparative analysis of the estimated rainfall events on the radar with surface observation data shows a good level of accuracy, but the blankness of the data on the radar due to damage thus influences the decision making of the forecasters when providing extreme weather information quickly to the public. By knowing the radar accuracy level is quite good in estimating rain events, BMKG can provide weather information in the form of appropriate early warning so that people can anticipate extreme weather events

Keanekaragaman Dan Distribusi Makroinvertebrata Di Perairan Hulu Tukad Cangkir Dan Tukad Pakerisan Kabupaten Gianyar

Cangkir and Pakerisan are two rivers which are located in Gianyar-Bali Regency, each with a length of 23 km (54.58 km2 of watershed area) and 34.5 km (58.33 km2 of watershed area). These two rivers empties into Lebih Beach that each has a species diversity and abiotic factors. At the upstream of the rivers were occupied by tourism activities that can affect the ecosystem. This study aims to determine the diversity and distribution of macroinvertebrates in the two rivers. Sampling stations were situated at upstream area with 5 stations and 3 replications (15 points) on each river. Sample identification was carried out at the Laboratory of Water Resources Management, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Udayana University. It was found four species, namely Littorina carinifera, Melanoides torulosa, Parathelphusa convexa, and Bellamya javanica. At upstream of Cangkir and Pakerisan rivers had species of random category distribution pattern with the Morisita Distribution Index value that equal to one. Physical and chemical factors had a major influence on the ecological conditions of the two rivers. The environmental conditions that consisting of substrate type, several physical and chemical parameters were unable to support the life of various biota species found in these aquatic ecosystems.

Status Mutu Air Sungai Unda Pada Lahan Eks Galian C Kabupaten Klungkung

The Unda River (Tukad) is the second largest river in Bali Province after the Ayung River. The Unda River has been used for various activities, such as tourism activities for white water rafting and agricultural irrigation activities. In addition, Unda River water is planned to be used as a raw water source in the planned construction of the Bali Cultural Center (PKB) which is planned to be built in the lower reaches of the Unda River. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to the water quality of the Unda River, especially in the Lower Unda River. Water quality analysis refers to class II water quality standards according to the Bali Governor Regulation Number 16 of 2016. Meanwhile, the analysis of water quality status uses the pollution index (IP) according to the Decree of the Minister of the Environment Number 115 of 2003. The results of the analysis show that water quality parameters that exceed the highest quality standard is downstream (sampling point 3) with 4 (four) parameters, namely Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliform and fecal coli. While the sampling points 1 (one) and 2 (two), the parameters that exceed the quality standard are total coliform and fecal coli. In addition, the results of this study also show that the pollution index value downstream is increasing, where at sampling point 1 which is a DAM location has a pollutant index of 3.78 (light pollution) and at sampling point 2 of 6.27 (moderate pollution) and at sampling point 3 of 7.67 (medium polluted).

KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT KADMIUM (CD) DAN TIMBAL (PB) PADA Enhalus acoroides DIPANTAI SEGARA AYU, PANTAI SEMAWANG, DAN PANTAI MERTASARI PROVINSI BALI

Sanur Beach is one of the tourist destinations that is often visited by national or international tourists. The number of tourism activities can increase pollutants entering the waters, one of which is heavy metals. Heavy metal content in waters can come from various sources of activity, one of which is lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Seagrass E. acoroides are found in the waters of Sanur Beach. Seagrass can absorb heavy metals because it interacts directly with the column to absorb metal ions in the water. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of bioconcentration and translocation factors for the heavy metal content of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in E. acoroides seagrass in the waters of Segara Ayu Beach, Semawang Beach, and Mertasari Beach and to determine their suitability with the quality standards of the Bali Governor Regulation. No. 16 of 2016, Permenkes RI. No. 32 of 2017 and SEPA of 2000. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling method and the data obtained were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods and methods. The highest bioconcentration factor in cadmium (Cd) leaves was at station II, namely 1.91 mg/kg, and the lowest was at station I with a value of 0.62 mg/kg. The highest bioconcentration factor in lead (Pb) leaves was at station II, namely,0.47 mg/kg and the lowest was at station I, namely 0.08 mg/kg. The highest bioconcentration factor in cadmium (Cd) roots was at station II, namely 1.23 mg/kg, and the lowest was at station III, namely 0.73 mg/kg. The highest bioconcentration factor in lead (Pb) root was at station II, namely 0.22 mg/kg and the lowest was at station III, namely 0.10 mg/kg. The highest translocation factor for cadmium (Cd) was at station II, namely 1.55 mg/kg, and the lowest at station I was 0.53 mg/kg, while for lead (Pb) the highest was found at station III, namely 2.45 mg/kg and the lowest was at station I which was 0.49 mg/kg. The content of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in seagrass does not meet the quality standards of the Bali Governor Regulation No. 16 of 2016, Permenkes RI. No 32 of 2017, but in sediments according to SEPA 2000.

Sebaran Pola Pertumbuhan Ikan Red Devil (Amphilophus sp) Di Kawasan Danau Batur, Bali

Batur Lake is one of the lakes located in the Kintamani sub-district, Bali. This lake has abundant biodiversity, one of them is Red Devil fish (Amphilophus sp) which is a competitor of native and introduced fish. The research aims to find out the pattern of growth, size structure, and the physical and chemical conditions of waters. The method used was descriptive quantitative by using two trapping devices that were fishing rods and nets. Calculation results showed that a wide range of growth patterns of Red Devil (Amphilophus sp) fish on both trapping devices (fishing rods and nets) were grouped (Id<1). The highest sized structure value on the trapping devices (fishing rod) found in the water of Trunyan Village that was total length (TL) of 9,3 cm, Standard length (SL) of 7,3 cm, and weight: 16,5 gr. On the trapping devices (net) the highest value was found in the water of Songan Village that was total length (TL) of 13,5, SL of 11,1, and weight: 48,8 gr. The growth patterns of Red Devil (Amphilophus sp) fish based on length and weight analysis showed that were partly positive allometric and partly negative allometric. The result of the water quality measurement in the water of Batur Lake was about 26,3°C – 29,1°C (temperature), 5,36 mg/L – 6 mg/L, (DO), 7,2 – 7,8 (pH), and 87,1 cm – 147,8 cm (brightness).