scholarly journals "Multimodal" Imaging Performance and Clinical Application of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohong Li ◽  
Qijian Zhou ◽  
Jintian Li ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Digital Tomosynthesis ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Equal Capacity ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: To investigate the diagnostic value of three different examination methods of chest radiography (CXR), digital tomosynthesis (DTS) and Computed tomography (CT) scan on the diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19).Methods: A retrospective analysis of three examination methods of chest: CXR, DTS, and CT scan of COVID-19 pneumonia patients diagnosed in our hospital from January, 23, 2020 to February, 29, 2020. And we compared three different imaging methods to COVID-19 display ability of pneumonia intrapulmonary lesions.Results: A total of 37 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 by nucleic acid testing were included. The CXR group (10/37) and DTS group (21/28) of 37 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia showed significant differences in intrapulmonary ground glass opacities (P<0.05); DTS group (21/28) and CT group (25/27) showed no statistically significant differences in intrapulmonary ground glass opacities (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Comparison of the three imaging methods of COVID-19 pneumonia, the diagnostic efficiency of CXR is low, which is easy to be false negative and miss lesions; diagnostic resolutions of DTS are higher than CXR, which can improve the ability to display the fine structure of intrapulmonary lesions; CT scan shows the intrapulmonary of COVID-19 pneumonia low-density ground glass opacities and internal structures have equal capacity compared with DTS. Therefore, DTS and CT are the best choices for the image diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.

scholarly journals Dynamic Chest CT Evaluation in Three Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Chen ◽  
Shuying Liu ◽  
Chunyi Zhang ◽  
Guimei Pu ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Ct Evaluation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Pulmonary Ct

A recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, was caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). There have been some reports of imaging findings regarding the disease’s characteristic features. Here, we report three cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with dynamic pulmonary CT evaluation. The CT scan showed multiple regions of ground-glass opacities and patchy consolidation in COVID-19 patients and the CT scan was useful in tracking the progression or regression of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The diagnostic efficiency of some serological tests for bovine brucellosis

1978 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Chappel ◽  
D. J. McNaught ◽  
J. A. Bourke ◽  
G. S. Allan
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Probable Infection ◽  
Serum Agglutination

SummaryResults obtained from 1887 sera using three serological tests for bovine brucellosis were compared with a serological classification of sera described as the ‘probable infection status’. Sera showing apparent false positive and apparent false negative reactions were identified, and were subjected to supplementary testing as appropriate.The serum agglutination test (SAT) gave 35% apparent false negative reactions and 5% apparent false positives. The complement fixation test (CFT) gave 12% apparent false negative reactions using warm fixation (CFTW) and at least 5% using cold fixation (CFTC). The routine diagnostic system used in Victoria, in which the CFTW is supplemented by the CFTC and the SAT, gave 9% apparent false negative reactions and 2% apparent false positive reactions. The radioimmunoassay gave 1% or 6% apparent false negative reactions, depending the minimum diagnostic value used.Atypical reactions in the CFT sometimes caused difficulties in diagnosis.

scholarly journals Is Nasal Endoscopy of Diagnostic Value in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps?

2019 ◽  
pp. 014556131986457
Author(s):  
Raanan Cohen-Kerem ◽  
Tal Marshak ◽  
Nechama Uri ◽  
Maayan Gruber ◽  
Ori Huberfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Nasal Endoscopy ◽  
Nasal Passage

Endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity is an integral part of the assessment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. However, the benefit gained by performing endoscopy with respect to the patient’s medical condition has not been completely assessed. We conducted a prospective cohort in an academic medical center. Thirty-nine patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, without polyps, whose ailment was managed conservatively with no surgical intervention. All patients underwent nasal endoscopy, a computed tomography (CT) scan rated for Lund-MacKay score, and completed a sino nasal outcome test (SNOT)-20 questionnaire. This same evaluation was repeated 6 weeks following medical treatment. The CT scan and SNOT-20 questionnaire were independent parameters to evaluate the endoscopy score in each nasal passage. Thirty-nine (28 females) patients completed the follow-up period. A total of 156 endoscopic evaluations were performed, in which 74 nasal cavities were found to have significant pathology and 82 were either normal or displayed mild pathology. The correlation with the Lund-MacKay score was poor with a positive predictive value of 68.9% (31.1% false positive and 28% false negative). However, while looking at the SNOT-20 score, corrected for repeated measures, a higher endoscopy score was associated with a higher SNOT-20 score (odds ratio = 3.53, 95% confidence interval = 1.54-8.09, P = .003). Patients with higher endoscopy scores had a greater probability for exhibiting severe symptoms. However, we could not demonstrate a strong correlation between nasal endoscopy findings and CT scan scores. Therefore, with respect to patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps, nasal endoscopy could be utilized as a beneficial objective tool.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of FDG PET/CT imaging in patients with surgically managed infective endocarditis: results of a retrospective analysis at a tertiary center

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Julia Maria Sag ◽  
Karin Menhart ◽  
Jirka Grosse ◽  
Florian Hitzenbichler ◽  
Frank Hanses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Pet Ct Scan

Abstract Background We assessed the diagnostic value of FDG PET/CT in a real-world cohort of patients with surgically managed infective endocarditis (IE). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients hospitalized in a tertiary IE referral medical center from January 2014 to October 2018 fulfilling the following criteria: ICD-10 code for IE and OPS code for both, heart surgery and FDG PET/CT. Results Final analysis included 29 patients, whereof 28 patients had surgically proven IE. FDG PET/CT scan was true-positive in 15 patients (sensitivity (SEN) 56%) and false-negative in 12 patients. Combination of Duke criteria (DC) with FDG PET/CT scan resulted in gain of SEN for all patients with confirmed IE (SEN of DC 79% vs SEN of combination DC and FDG PET/CT 89%), driven by a relevant gain in PVE patients only (SEN of DC 78% vs SEN of combination DC and FDG PET/CT 94%). Interestingly, higher prosthesis age was observed in patients with false-negative scans. Conclusions We found a SEN of 56% for FDG PET/CT in a real-world cohort of patients with surgically proven IE which was associated with a 16% gain of IE diagnosis in patients with PVE when combined with DC.

scholarly journals The role of lung ultrasonography in evaluation of COVID-19 pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2145
Author(s):  
Ali Kemal Erenler ◽  
Seval Komut ◽  
Ahmet Baydin
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Lung Ultrasonography ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pcr Test

After a few months it emerged in Wuhan (China), Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Diagnosis of the disease is mainly based on real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by nasopharyngeal swab. However, due to excess of numbers of false-negative PCR test results, chest computed tomography (CT) is commonly used as a supplementary modality. However, CT has some disadvantages. Firstly, a normal chest CT scan does not exclude the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Additionally, the radiation exposure and a weak diagnostic value are other challenges. When the infection is limited to upper respiratory system or performed in the early stage, false-negative results may be obtained on CT scan.  Recently lung ultrasonography (LUS) has emerged as a easy-to-use, cost-effective and radiation-free tool in diagnosis, management and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia. In this narrative review, our aim is to clarify the utility of LUS in COVID-19 pneumonia with its advantages and disadvantages. We also aimed to guide clinicians to use LUS as a practical tool.

scholarly journals Analysis of factors associated early diagnosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwei Ai ◽  
Junyan Gong ◽  
Limin Xing ◽  
Renjiao He ◽  
Fangtao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
High False Negative Rate ◽  
Pcr Test

AbstractBackgroundThe pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become the first concern in international affairs as the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading all over the world at a terrific speed. The accuracy of early diagnosis is critical in the control of the spread of the virus. Although the real-time RT-PCR detection of the virus nucleic acid is the current golden diagnostic standard, it has high false negative rate when only apply single test.ObjectiveSummarize the baseline characteristics and laboratory examination results of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Analyze the factors that could interfere with the early diagnosis quantitatively to support the timely confirmation of the disease.MethodsAll suspected patients with COVID-19 were included in our study until Feb 9th, 2020. The last day of follow-up was Mar 20th, 2020. Throat swab real-time RT-PCR test was used to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection. The difference between the epidemiological profile and first laboratory examination results of COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients were compared and analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were used to assess the potential diagnostic value in factors, which had statistical differences in regression analysis.ResultsIn total, 315 hospitalized patients were included. Among them, 108 were confirmed as COVID-19 patients and 207 were non-COVID-19 patients. Two groups of patients have significance in comparing age, contact history, leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p<0.10). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed age, contact history and decreasing lymphocyte count could be used as individual factor that has diagnostic value (p<0.05). The AUC of first RT-PCR test was 0.84 (95% CI 0.73-0.89), AUC of cumulative two times of RT-PCR tests was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88-0.96) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.93-0.99) for cumulative three times of RT-PCR tests. Ninety-six patients showed typical pneumonia radiological features in first CT scan, AUC was 0.74 (95% CI 0.60-0.73). The AUC of patients’ age, contact history with confirmed people and the decreased lymphocytes were 0.66 (95% CI 0.60-0.73), 0.67 (95% CI 0.61-0.73), 0.62 (95% CI 0.56-0.69), respectively. Taking chest CT scan diagnosis together with patients age and decreasing lymphocytes, AUC would be 0.86 (95% CI 0.82-0.90). The age threshold to predict COVID-19 was 41.5 years, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.70 (95% CI 0.61-0.79) and a specificity of 0.59 (95% CI 0.52-0.66). Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.71 and 0.50, respectively. Threshold of lymphocyte count to diagnose COVID-19 was 1.53×109/L, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.88) and a specificity of 0.50 (95% CI 0.43-0.57). Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.64 and 0.37, respectively.ConclusionSingle RT-PCR test has relatively high false negative rate. When first RT-PCR test show negative result in suspected patients, the chest CT scan, contact history, age and lymphocyte count should be used combinedly to assess the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals A Review on Applicable and Available Paraclinical Methods for Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 794-800
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiee ◽  
Farahnaz Parsaei ◽  
Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani ◽  
Vahid Amiri ◽  
Siamak Sabour
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The recent outbreak by a novel coronavirus originated from Wuhan, China in 2019, and is progressively spreading to other countries. Timely diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) improves the survival of the patients and also prevents the transmission of the infection. In this study, we reviewed the applicable and available methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods: For the review, we systematically searched Web of Science, PubMed, and Iranian articles that were published about COVID-19 diagnostic methods with a combination of the key terms: laboratory, radiological, tests, coronavirus. Results: Although the current gold standard diagnostic test for this virus is real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the occasional false-negative and the low sensitivity of the test should not be underestimated. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan is another diagnostic test for COVID-19, with higher sensitivity but low specificity. A combination of sensitive RT-PCR with a chest CT scan together with the clinical features are highly recommended for the proper diagnosis. Notably, there are some other sensitive and low-cost tests for evaluation of COVID-19 infection, but their validation should be approved. Conclusion: Since early and accurate diagnosis of the viral disease could improve the survival rate of the patients, and halt the transmission chain, it is not surprising that tremendous attempts should be made to reduce the limitations of the tests leading to the false-negative results and to find a rapid test for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Diagnostic Value of a Carpal Tunnel Corticosteroid Injection in Patients with Negative Electrodiagnostic Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Katt ◽  
Casey Imbergamo ◽  
Fortunato Padua ◽  
Joseph Leider ◽  
Daniel Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Corticosteroid Injection ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Release ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Introduction There is a known false negative rate when using electrodiagnostic studies (EDS) to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). This can pose a management dilemma for patients with signs and symptoms that correlate with CTS but normal EDS. While corticosteroid injection into the carpal tunnel has been used in this setting for diagnostic purposes, there is little data in the literature supporting this practice. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of a carpal tunnel corticosteroid injection in patients with a normal electrodiagnostic study but exhibiting signs and symptoms suggestive of carpal tunnel, who proceed with a carpal tunnel release. Materials and Methods The group included 34 patients presenting to an academic orthopedic practice over the years 2010 to 2019 who had negative EDS, a carpal tunnel corticosteroid injection, and a carpal tunnel release. One patient (2.9%), where the response to the corticosteroid injection was not documented, was excluded from the study, yielding a study cohort of 33 patients. Three patients had bilateral disease, yielding 36 hands for evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square analysis for nonparametric data. Results Thirty-two hands (88.9%) demonstrated complete or partial relief of neuropathic symptoms after the corticosteroid injection, while four (11.1%) did not experience any improvement. Thirty-one hands (86.1%) had symptom improvement following surgery, compared with five (13.9%) which did not. Of the 32 hands that demonstrated relief following the injection, 29 hands (90.6%) improved after surgery. Of the four hands that did not demonstrate relief after the injection, two (50%) improved after surgery. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Conclusion Patients diagnosed with a high index of suspicion for CTS do well with operative intervention despite a normal electrodiagnostic test if they have had a positive response to a preoperative injection. The injection can provide reassurance to both the patient and surgeon before proceeding to surgery. Although patients with a normal electrodiagnostic test and no response to cortisone can still do well with surgical intervention, the surgeon should carefully review both the history and physical examination as surgical success may decrease when both diagnostic tests are negative. Performing a corticosteroid injection is an additional diagnostic tool to consider in the management of patients with CTS and normal electrodiagnostic testing.

COVID-19: how nuclear medicine can provide a differential diagnosis in very dubious case

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Silvia De Feo ◽  
Viviana Frantellizzi ◽  
Giuseppe De Vincentis
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Infectious Disease Department ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
99Mtc Hmpao

Background: We present the case of a 55-year-old woman, admitted to the Infectious Disease Department of Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, in mid-March 2020, with suspicion of COVID-19 infection. Objective: The rRT-PCR was negative and the following CT scan, performed to exclude false-negative results and help diagnosis, was inconclusive. Methods: It was decided to submit the patient to 99mTc-HMPAO-labelled leukocyte scan. Results: This exam led to the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Conclusion: In the present pandemic scenario, 99mTc-HMPAO-labelled leukocyte scan represents a reliable imaging technique for differential diagnosis with COVID-19 in patients with confusing clinical signs, possible false-negative rRT-PCR results and inconclusive CT scan.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Scan in Young Athletes With Spondylolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-676
Author(s):  
Amy M. West ◽  
Pierre A. d’Hemecourt ◽  
Olivia J. Bono ◽  
Lyle J. Micheli ◽  
Dai Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Negative Rate

The objective of this study was to determine diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans in young athletes diagnosed with spondylolysis. A cross-sectional study was used. Twenty-two young athletes (14.7 ± 1.5 years) were diagnosed as spondylolysis based on a single-photon emission CT. Following the diagnosis, participants underwent MRI and CT scan imaging tests on the same day. The sensitivity and false-negative rate of the MRI and CT scans were analyzed. MRI test confirmed 13 (+) and 9 (−) results while CT test showed 17 (+) and 5 (−) results. The sensitivity and false-negative rate of MRI were, respectively, 59.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36.7% to 78.5%) and 40.9% (95% CI = 21.5% to 63.3%). Furthermore, the sensitivity and false-negative rate of CT scan were 77.3% (95% CI = 54.2% to 91.3%) and 22.7% (95% CI = 0.09% to 45.8%). Our results indicated that CT scan is a more accurate imaging modality to diagnose spondylolysis compared with MRI in young athletes.

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