scholarly journals Application of Quantile Regression to Examine Changes in the Distribution of Stunting of Indian Children Aged 0-36 Months Using Four Rounds of NFHS Data.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thirupathi Mokalla ◽  
VISHNU VARDHANA MENDU
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Lms Method ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Size At Birth

Abstract Background: In India, it has been observed that the prevalence of stunting among under-five children decreased, but the prevalence is still alarmingly high. In previous studies, traditional (linear and logistic) regression analyses were used, and these analyses were limited to encapsulated cross-distribution variations. Our study's objective was to examine how the different determinants are heterogenous in various percentiles. Methods: This article examined the change in the stunting distribution of children and examined the relationships between the key covariate's trends and patterns in stunting among children aged <3 years over a period of 24 years. Four successive rounds of the National Family Health Survey data 1992-93, 1998-99, 2005-06, and 2015-16 were used for analysis. The final study included 206579 children aged <3 years (N= 106136 male, 100443 female). To explain and analyze differences in the stunting distribution, the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method was used. Trends in stunting distribution over time were analysed using separate sex-stratified quantile regression (QR). The selected socioeconomic, demographic and other predictors considered for this analysis. Results: The quantile regressions have clearly indicated that mothers who have higher than primary level education were beneficial to decrease child malnutrition at the lower end of the distribution. The age, birth order, mother's body-mass-index (BMI) and wealth, among others, were some more determining factors for HAZ. Results of selected quantile regression estimated at 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th quantiles. The wealth index was a highly negative association with lower quantiles compared to upper quantiles in stunting However, in the age classification, as the age increases, there was a negative association in the upper quantiles of stunting. Small size at birth was having a negative association in all the quantiles of stunting. Conclusions: The outcome of various covariates working differently across the stunting distribution was suggested by quantile regression. The major discrepancies in different aspects were underlined by socioeconomic and demographic aspects of India. The heterogeneity of this effect was shown using quantile regression.

Child Undernutrition in the States of India: An Analysis Based on Change in Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure from 2006 to 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226612110103
Author(s):  
J. R. Jith ◽  
Rajshree Bedamatta
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Low Weight

Stunting, wasting and underweight—the three traditional indicators of undernourishment among children—provide mutually non-exclusive categories of anthropometric failures: low height for age, low weight for height and low weight for age. Although these indicators are essential for designing specific clinical and child nutrition policy interventions, they fall short of estimating the prevalence of overall anthropometric failure, which provides a sense of the scale of the nutrition problem. This article estimates the alternative, more comprehensive measure Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) for Indian states, based on data from the National Family Health surveys of 2006 and 2016, for children under five years (Ch–U5). The CIAF-based undernutrition estimates show significantly high anthropometric failure levels among Indian children compared to only stunting, wasting and underweight. Based on population projections for Ch–U5, we also show that a sizeable number of states may have seen an increase in child undernutrition between 2006 and 2016. We also correlated CIAF with household wealth index scores and found a positive relationship with children facing no anthropometric failure.

scholarly journals Nutritional and immunization status of under-five children of India and Bangladesh

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeparna Banerjee ◽  
SubirBiswas ◽  
Shimul Roy ◽  
Manoranjan Pal ◽  
Md. Golam Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Immunization Status

Abstract Background The nutritional and immunization status of children can play an important role in determining their future health status of a particular country. The aim of the present study is to investigate the nutritional and immunization status of under-five children in India and Bangladesh, and to find the difference in the status between these two countries. Methods We have used the National Family Health Survey data, 2015–2016 of India and Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey, 2017–2018 datasets. The sample sizes are 222,418, among them 8759 and 8759 children for India and Bangladesh respectively. The nutritional status of under-five children is measured by standard anthropometric indicators of height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ). Regarding child immunization status, only BCG, DPT, polio and measles vaccinations are considered for the present study. Multiple binary logistic model has been used for analysing the data. Results This study reveals that the prevalence of stunting and underweight of under-five children in India are higher than Bangladeshi children. Secondary and higher educated mothers are more likely of having normal HAZ and WAZ children than up to primary educated mothers for both countries. Chances of having normal HAZ and WAZ are higher among non-poor category for both countries. The present study also shows that immunization status of Bangladeshi children is better than Indian children except measles. Religion of mother also shows influence on immunization status of children in India whereas Bangladesh shows no significant results regarding religion. Mother’s educational attainment and wealth index show influence on immunization status among children for both countries. Conclusions The study concludes that a remarkable number of under-five children are suffering from under nutrition for both countries, however Bangladeshi children have better nutritional and immunization status compared to Indian children. Higher wealth index, better educational attainment and lower unemployment of Bangladeshi mothers may be the causes for better nutritional and immunization status of children. Mother’s socio-economic factors have significant impact on determining the child’s health status. Our findings can help to government of Indian and Bangladesh for taking health policy to improve under-five children nutritional and immunization status.

Association of child survival with birth size and mother’s BMI: a human right approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
Kshipra Jain
Keyword(s):  
Child Survival ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Size At Birth

Purpose Children are the most vulnerable group owing to long lasting impact of the violation of human rights in term of proper nutrition and their right to live. The purpose of this paper is to assess the risk of child mortality associated with size of child at birth and mother’s anemia level in northern India. Design/methodology/approach The data were used from 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS). The participants (n = 41,412) were children aged under-five years from north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The main outcome measure was child deaths defined by under-five mortality. The univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were used in data analysis. Kaplan–Meier analyses, Log-rank tests and Cox’s regression analyses were performed to fulfill the objective of the study. Findings There were a total of 2,835 deaths out of 41,412 births in the past five years preceding the survey period. Children of very small size at birth were significantly two and half times more likely to die than children of average size at birth. The estimated adjusted hazard ratio indicated that the children of severely anemic mothers were significantly 1.5 times more likely to die compared to children of not anemic mothers. Size of child at birth, mother’s anemia level, mother’s age at time of her first birth, wealth index and mother’s education were significantly associated with the under-five mortality in northern India. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is recall errors arising from the dates of birth and death given by women interviewed in the survey were minimized by restricting the analyses to births within the five-year period preceding the survey. Practical implications This study advocates the promotion of comprehensive prevention strategies through appropriate institutional mechanism would be the best intervention or adaptive mechanism to reduce the adverse impact of size of child at birth, mother’s anemia level on under-five mortality in Uttar Pradesh, India. Originality/value This research is original. This study enjoys a unique importance by exploring effect of size of child at birth and mother’s anemia on child survival in developing countries like India.

Deciphering Links Between Sexual Violence and Castes in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 2455328X2110325
Author(s):  
Yogendra Musahar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Explanatory Variables

The recent incident, the gang rape and murder of a 19-year-old woman in Hathras, a small village in Uttar Pradesh of India, once again sparks a debate on links between sexual violence and castes in India. This article aims to examine the links between sexual violence and castes in India. This study utilizes the national representative National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4, 2015–16) data. A bivariate analysis was carried out to analyse the data. A binary logistic regression model was applied to predict the effect of explanatory variables, viz. type of place of residence, years of schooling complete, economic status in terms of wealth index and finally castes on predicted variable, i.e. sexual violence. The binary regression model indicates that there were links between sexual violence and castes. For secured and dignified life of women, caste-based sexual violence must be annihilated.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Nutritional Status of the Under Five Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Size At Birth

Objective: To identify factors associated to the nutritional status of under five children.Method: The data used in this analysis are from Demographic and Health Survey 2006 conducted in Nepal. Total 5262 cases are included in the present study. A multinomial logistic regression model is used to study the relation between various factors and nutritional status.Results: Increasing body mass index of mothers and wealth index shows decreasing likelihood of malnutrition among children. Rural children show insignificant higher likelihood of different forms of underweight and wasting as compared to urban area. Frequency of listening radio does not show significant association in case of mild and moderate wasting and shown very high unusual odds ratio in case of severe wasting.  Similarly, lower frequency of watching television also does not show significantly higher likeliness of different form of stunting, underweight and wasting. Female children are more likely to be stunted, underweight and wasted as compared to male. Female headed households are more likely to have moderately and mildly stunted children and mixed results are observed for underweight and wasting. The likelihood for all forms of malnutrition is higher among children with smaller than average size at birth as compared to average or bigger size at birth.  Mixed results are observed regarding likelihood of different forms of malnutrition among children with mothers having different educational level.Conclusion: Body mass index of mothers is found significant variable while explaining children's nutritional status. Similarly, Size at birth is significantly associated with nutrition during the childhood.Keywords: Stunting; wasting; under weight; under five childrenDOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2927Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.6-8

scholarly journals High prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist communities of Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽  
Aele Mamo ◽  
Biruk Abate ◽  
Ayelign Kassie ◽  
Seteamlak Masresha
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
The Government

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and association of child mortality in the pastoralist regions of Ethiopia. The study is a further analysis from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. Results: The prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist’s regions was 23.2%, 95%CI (21.4%, 24.6%). The prevalence of mortality among daughters was 15.4%, 95%CI (14.2, 16.6%), and sons 16.8%, 95%CI (15.6, 18.1%).In logistic regression, wealth index, head of household, Khat chewing, type of child birth, husband education, and child age in months were associated with under-five mortality irrespective of the deceased children’s gender. The prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist regions of Ethiopia was high, which was far highest in relative to the national under-five mortality prevalence. In assessing the effect of variables on under-five child mortality by gender, almost all the variables that have an effect on female or male child are similar. The government should emphasize on the pastoralists’ regions to decrease the high prevalence of under-five child mortality.

Socio demographic determinants of BMI of Pakistani women: an evidence from PDHS (2017-18) using quantile regression analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asifa Kamal ◽  
Aqsa Asghar Ali ◽  
Sameena Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Pakistani Women

Abstract Objective: To explore the socio demographic determinants of nutritional status of Pakistani women. Methods: Secondary data from recent Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS 2017-18) is taken. Data collection period is from 22 November 2017 to 30 April 2018. Ordinary least square (OLS) and quantile regression (QR) models are used for analysis. Results: QR model is found appropriate for BMI data to capture effect at different level of distribution of BMI. Less than 5% women are under nutrition for some categories of factors. Age of women, women’s education, frequency of watching TV, wealth index, husband’s education and region (KPK, Balochistan) showed a positive effect on women’s BMI in Pakistan across all conditional distribution of BMI. In contrary, age of women at first birth, women’s agriculture or manual working status, gender of household head (female) and region (Sindh) showed negative effect on women’s BMI in Pakistan. Conclusion: It is concluded that overweight/obesity is becoming serious problem as compared to undernutrition in Pakistani women. Percentage of deprived women is little and level of under nutrition is also not alarming.  Privileged women (with respect to education, economic status, urbanization, sedentary life style) have more chances to have higher BMI (overweight or obese). Women of KPK and Balochistan are at higher risk of overweight/ obesity as compared to Punjabi women. Keywords: PDHS 2017-18, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Quantile Regression (QR) Model, Continuous....

Correlates of Caesarean Section among Delivery in Health Institutions in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-323
Author(s):  
Pralip Kumar Narzary ◽  
Mluleki Tsawe ◽  
A Sathiya Susuman
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Institutional Deliveries ◽  
National Family ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Health Institutions

Aim is to find out the disparities in cesarean sections among institutional deliveries across segments of the society in the study area. The National Family Health Survey data 2005–06 were used. There were 14,808 women who were found to be relevant for this study. Bivariate results show that cesarean section is highest among women older than 40 years, having the highest level of education, holding skilled jobs, from the highest social hierarchy, who delivered in private health institutions, experienced cesarean section in previous delivery, and had pregnancy complications. Performance of cesarean section may be necessary for safety of both mother and infant.

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