The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention. BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18-25 years.

Abstract Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at a young age. In the Lifestyle, Biomarkers and Atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, aged 18-25 years. The general purpose of the LBA study was to study the effect of lifestyle on traditional biomarkers known to influence CVD risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sleep habits of young adult women and men participating in the LBA study, and to compare the importance of sleep and other lifestyle habits on clinically relevant biomarkers for CVD. An additional aim was to find easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk of developing CVD later in life. Methods: The participants had previously been examined for lifestyle factors, biomarkers and CVD risk score. They filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep. Results: In total 27% of the young adult participants reported difficulties falling asleep or experienced troubled sleep with frequent awakenings per night. The experienced troubled sleep was not related to a higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and duration were correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat (%), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with the highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was CRF. Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than moderate- and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR), (P<0.01) and HOMA-IR and BMI (P<0.01) were observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults who need counselling on a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.

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The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention. BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18-25 years.The cross-sectional Lifestyle, biomarkers and atherosclerosis (LBA) study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15551/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Fernström ◽

Ulrika Fernberg ◽

Anita Hurtig-Wennlöf

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Young Adults ◽

Young Adult ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Lifestyle Factor ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Non Invasive

Abstract Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, it is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at young age. In the Lifestyle, biomarkers and atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, 18-25 years. The general purpose of the LBA study was to study the effect of lifestyle on traditional biomarkers known to influence CVD risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sleep habits of the young adult women and men participating in the LBA study, and to compare the importance of sleep habits and other lifestyle habits on clinically relevant biomarkers for CVD. Additional aim was to find easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk to develop CVD later in life. Methods: The participants have previously been examined for lifestyle factors, biomarkers and CVD risk score. They filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep. Results: In total 27% of the young adult participants reported difficulties to fall asleep or experiences anxious sleep with several awakenings per night. The experienced anxious sleep was not related to higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and sleep duration was correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat %, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was CRF. Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than moderate- and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR) (P<0.01) and HOMA-IR and BMI (P<0.01) was observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults who needs counselling about a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.

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The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention. BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18-25 years.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15551/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Fernström ◽

Ulrika Fernberg ◽

Anita Hurtig-Wennlöf

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Young Adults ◽

Young Adult ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Lifestyle Factor ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Non Invasive

Abstract Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, it is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at young age. In the Lifestyle, biomarkers and atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, 18-25 years. The general purpose of the LBA study was to study the effect of lifestyle on traditional biomarkers known to influence CVD risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sleep habits of the young adult women and men participating in the LBA study, and to compare the importance of sleep habits and other lifestyle habits on clinically relevant biomarkers for CVD. Additional aim was to find easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk to develop CVD later in life. Methods: The participants have previously been examined for lifestyle factors, biomarkers and CVD risk score. They filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep. Results: In total 27% of the young adult participants reported difficulties to fall asleep or experiences anxious sleep with several awakenings per night. The experienced anxious sleep was not related to higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and sleep duration was correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat %, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was CRF. Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than moderate- and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR) (P<0.01) and HOMA-IR and BMI (P<0.01) was observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults who needs counselling about a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.

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The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention: BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18–25 years

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09801-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Fernström ◽

Ulrika Fernberg ◽

Anita Hurtig-Wennlöf

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Young Adults ◽

Young Adult ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Lifestyle Factor ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Non Invasive

Abstract Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at a young age. In the Lifestyle, Biomarkers and Atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, aged 18–25 years. The general purpose of the LBA study was to study the effect of lifestyle on traditional biomarkers known to influence CVD risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sleep habits of young adult women and men participating in the LBA study, and to compare the importance of sleep and other lifestyle habits on clinically relevant biomarkers for CVD. An additional aim was to find easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk of developing CVD later in life. Methods The participants had previously been examined for lifestyle factors, biomarkers and CVD risk score. They filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep. Results In total 27% of the young adult participants reported difficulties falling asleep or experienced troubled sleep with frequent awakenings per night. The experienced troubled sleep was not related to a higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and duration were correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat (%), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with the highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was CRF. Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than moderate- and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR), (P < 0.01) and HOMA-IR and BMI (P < 0.01) were observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults who need counselling on a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.

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The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention. BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18-25 years.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15551/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Fernström ◽

Ulrika Fernberg ◽

Anita Hurtig-Wennlöf

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Young Adults ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Lifestyle Factor ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Physical activity (PA) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, it is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at young age. In the Lifestyle, biomarkers and atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, 18-25 years. The general aim of the LBA study was to evaluate the effect of lifestyle on biomarkers known to influence CVD risk in young adults. The specific aim of the present study was to evaluate sleep habits, study the effect of sleep habits on CVD risk, and compare the influence of sleep habits with other lifestyle factors, regarding CVD risk. Additional aim, in the preventive work against CVD, was to find easy and reliable biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk to develop CVD.Methods: The participants have previously been examined for traditional CVD risk biomarkers and lifestyle factors. The participants filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep.Results: In total 27.1% of the young adult study participants (18-25 years) answered that they had difficulties to fall asleep or experiences anxious sleep with several awakenings per night. The experienced anxious sleep was not related to higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and sleep duration was correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat (%), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with the highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than PA and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR) (P<0.01) and between HOMA-IR and BMI (P<0.01) was observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk to develop CVD. Conclusion: Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.

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Abstract P546: Social Jetlag is Associated With Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Male But Not Female Adolescents

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p546 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Simon Higgins ◽

Lee Stoner ◽

Alex Lubransky ◽

Anna Howe ◽

Jyh Eiin Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Related Factors ◽

Related Data ◽

Social Jetlag ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been highlighted by the AHA as a vital sign that can significantly improve risk classification for adverse health outcomes across the lifespan. While many lifestyle-related factors are known to influence CRF, including physical activity and sedentary behaviors, few have examined the relationship between sleep characteristics and CRF. Social jetlag (SJL), a characteristic of sleep habits that is particularly prevalent in adolescents, is a mismatch between an individual’s circadian clock and sleep schedule. SJL has been associated with adiposity and increased cardiometabolic risk, independent of sleep duration and quality, but has not been associated with CRF. Objective: To quantify the relationship between SJL and CRF, independent of other sleep characteristics. Methods: CRF, anthropometric, and lifestyle-related data were collected from 276 adolescents in Otago, New Zealand (14-18 years, n=145 [52.5%] female). CRF was expressed as VO 2max (ml/kg/min) relative to body weight, estimated from a 20-meter multi-stage shuttle run. Lifestyle-related factors such as physical activity and the number of screens in the bedroom were quantified via an online lifestyle survey. Sleep variables including average sleep duration, sleep disturbances (trouble falling and staying asleep), and SJL were collected using the validated Sleep Habits Survey for Adolescents. SJL was measured as the difference in hours between the midpoint of sleep during week (school) days and on weekend (free) days. Linear regression assessed the association between each sleep outcome and CRF, controlling for (1) age, sex, school decile, fat mass, and the number of screens in the bedroom, and (2) moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. Stratified analyses examined sex-specific relationships. Results: Mean (SD) VO 2max was greater in males than females (48.47 [7.12] vs. 43.34 [5.62] ml/kg/min, p<.001). Sleep characteristics included a longer average sleep duration (9.48 [.92] vs. 9.19 [1.12] hours, p=.017), a greater occurrence of sleep disturbances (p=.001), and a lower SJL (1.67 [.08] vs. 2.09 [1.12] hours, p=.003) in females relative to their male peers. Multivariate analyses indicated that a one-hour increase in SJL was associated with a .71 ml/kg/min decrease in VO 2max (95% CI: -1.30, -.11), independent of other sleep variables, which were not associated with CRF. Sex-specific models further indicated an association in males (b=-.93, 95% CI: -1.78, -.08), but an inconclusive association for females (b=-.29, 95% CI: -1.15, .57). Conclusions: SJL is negatively associated with CRF, with a more conclusive association in adolescent males, and may be a simple, measurable target for future public health interventions.

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Exploring the Relationship Between Social Support and Sleep

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198119871331 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 153-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Neal Krause ◽

Gerard Rainville

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Meaning In Life ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

The United States ◽

Internet Survey ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Random Probability ◽

The Relationship

Background. Getting a sufficient amount of sleep is an important component of living a healthy lifestyle. Consequently, it is important for researchers to identify the factors that influence sleep duration. Aims. The current study has a twofold objective. The first is to see if two types of social support are associated with sleep duration. The second objective is to see if meaning in life and depressive symptoms serve as indirect pathways in the relationship between social support and sleep. Method. The data come from an internet survey of a random probability sample of adults who reside in the United States ( N = 2,287). Questions were administered on received support, satisfaction with support, meaning in life, depressive symptoms, and sleep. Results. The findings indicate that the amount of support that is received is associated with satisfaction with support, greater satisfaction with support is associated with a stronger sense of meaning in life, a stronger sense of meaning is related to fewer depressive symptoms, and fewer depressive symptoms is significantly associated with the likelihood of getting the recommended number of hours of sleep. Discussion and Conclusions. Instead of merely showing that social support is associated with sleep, our findings take a modest step toward explaining how this relationship arises (i.e., through an increased sense of meaning in life and, in turn, reduced depressive symptoms). This theoretical specificity is helpful for devising interventions to improve sleep habits.

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Breakfast consumption and CVD risk factors in European adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012000973 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1296-1305 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Lena Hallström ◽

Idoia Labayen ◽

Jonatan R Ruiz ◽

Emma Patterson ◽

Carine A Vereecken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Weight Status ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Breakfast Consumption

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between breakfast consumption and CVD risk factors in European adolescents.DesignCross-sectional. Breakfast consumption was assessed by the statement ‘I often skip breakfast’ and categorized into ‘consumer’, ‘occasional consumer’ and ‘skipper’. Blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), TAG, insulin and glucose were measured and BMI, TC:HDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated.SettingThe European Union-funded HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study.SubjectsEuropean adolescents, aged 12·50–17·49 years, from ten cities within the HELENA study (n2929,n925 with blood sample, 53 % females).ResultsIn males, significant differences across breakfast consumption category (‘consumer’, ‘occasional consumer’ and ‘skipper’) were seen for age, BMI, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, TC:HDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and LDL-C; in females, for cardiorespiratory fitness, skinfold thickness, BMI, insulin and HOMA-IR. In overweight/obese males significant differences were also seen for TC and LDL-C, whereas no differences were observed in non-overweight males or in females regardless of weight status.ConclusionsOur findings among European adolescents confirm previous data indicating that adolescents who regularly consume breakfast have lower body fat content. The results also show that regular breakfast consumption is associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents, and with a healthier cardiovascular profile, especially in males. Eating breakfast regularly may also negate somewhat the effect of excess adiposity on TC and LDL-C, especially in male adolescents.

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Comparison of Heart Rate Variability among Young Malay Male Adult with Different BMI and Level of Adiposity

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v18i1.215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Norsham Juliana ◽

Mohd Effendy Nadia ◽

Nadia Ahmad Roslan ◽

Ahmad Rohi Ghazali ◽

Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Young Adult ◽

Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽

Early Age ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Male Adult ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Sympathetic Function ◽

The Difference

INTRODUCTION: Subclinical changes that occur in the heart at an early age may provide valuable information to outline prevention strategies for cardiovascular diseases. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects regulation of autonomic balance, heart, and vascular tone, which are the determinants of blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the difference in heart rate variability (HRV) of Malay male young adult with their BMI and adiposity level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 201 Malay male young adult aged between 19 to 24 years old were screened and their BMI and adiposity level were measured. Three non -invasive tests; Valsalva Manoeuvre, orthostatic response and 30/15 ratio of heart rate were performed. Short term HRV time and frequency domains were recorded. RESULTS: Despite few significant differences in HRV parameters of overweight/obese subjects, the result is inconclusive to conclude any reduced variability. However, those with high adiposity regardless of their BMI reported significantly lower mean of R -R SD in time domain and lower mean of LF/HF ratio in frequency domain. The orthostatic reflex results revealed that high adiposity subjects had significantly lower mean of LF and HF. A decrement of -0.28 ms2 HF/LF during Valsalva manoeuvre, -0.35 LF ms2 in orthostatic reflex and 0.33 ms2 in orthostatic reflex per 1% of body fat percentage were observed. CONCLUSION: HRV parameters were inversely proportional to the adiposity level which was suggestive of modulation of sympathetic function can occur at an early age.

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Comparison of four healthy lifestyle scores for predicting cardiovascular events in a national cohort study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-01213-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ming-Chieh Tsai ◽

Tzu-Lin Yeh ◽

Hsin-Yin Hsu ◽

Le-Yin Hsu ◽

Chun-Chuan Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Research ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Performance Measures ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Lifestyle Factor ◽

Normal Body Mass Index ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cvd Risk

AbstractThe protective effect of different healthy lifestyle scores for the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was reported, although the comparisons of performance were lacking. We compared the performance measures of CVDs from different healthy lifestyle scores among Taiwanese adults. We conducted a nationwide prospective cohort study of 6042 participants (median age 43 years, 50.2% women) in Taiwan’s Hypertensive, Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia Survey, of whom 2002 were free of CVD at baseline. The simple and weighted the Mediterranean diet related healthy lifestyle (MHL) scores were defined as a combination of normal body mass index, Mediterranean diet, adequate physical activity, non-smokers, regular healthy drinking, and each dichotomous lifestyle factor. The World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommended lifestyle and Life's Simple 7 following the guideline definition. The incidence of CVD among the four healthy lifestyle scores, each divided into four subgroups, was estimated. During a median 14.3 years follow-up period, 520 cases developed CVD. In the multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, adherence to the highest category compared with the lowest one was associated with a lower incidence of CVD events, based on the simple (hazard ratio [HR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.94) and weighted MHL scores (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.28–0.68). Additionally, age played a role as a significant effect modifier for the protective effect of the healthy lifestyle scores for CVD risk. Specifically, the performance measures by integrated discriminative improvement showed a significant increase after adding the simple MHL score (integrated discriminative improvement: 0.51, 95% CI 0.16–0.86, P = 0.002) and weighted MHL score (integrated discriminative improvement: 0.38, 95% CI 0.01–0.74, P = 0.021). We demonstrated that the healthy lifestyle scores with an inverse association with CVD and reduced CVD risk were more likely for young adults than for old adults. Further studies to study the mechanism of the role of lifestyle on CVD prevention are warranted.

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