scholarly journals Comparison of four healthy lifestyle scores for predicting cardiovascular events in a national cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Tzu-Lin Yeh ◽  
Hsin-Yin Hsu ◽  
Le-Yin Hsu ◽  
Chun-Chuan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cvd Risk

AbstractThe protective effect of different healthy lifestyle scores for the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was reported, although the comparisons of performance were lacking. We compared the performance measures of CVDs from different healthy lifestyle scores among Taiwanese adults. We conducted a nationwide prospective cohort study of 6042 participants (median age 43 years, 50.2% women) in Taiwan’s Hypertensive, Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia Survey, of whom 2002 were free of CVD at baseline. The simple and weighted the Mediterranean diet related healthy lifestyle (MHL) scores were defined as a combination of normal body mass index, Mediterranean diet, adequate physical activity, non-smokers, regular healthy drinking, and each dichotomous lifestyle factor. The World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommended lifestyle and Life's Simple 7 following the guideline definition. The incidence of CVD among the four healthy lifestyle scores, each divided into four subgroups, was estimated. During a median 14.3 years follow-up period, 520 cases developed CVD. In the multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, adherence to the highest category compared with the lowest one was associated with a lower incidence of CVD events, based on the simple (hazard ratio [HR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.94) and weighted MHL scores (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.28–0.68). Additionally, age played a role as a significant effect modifier for the protective effect of the healthy lifestyle scores for CVD risk. Specifically, the performance measures by integrated discriminative improvement showed a significant increase after adding the simple MHL score (integrated discriminative improvement: 0.51, 95% CI 0.16–0.86, P = 0.002) and weighted MHL score (integrated discriminative improvement: 0.38, 95% CI 0.01–0.74, P = 0.021). We demonstrated that the healthy lifestyle scores with an inverse association with CVD and reduced CVD risk were more likely for young adults than for old adults. Further studies to study the mechanism of the role of lifestyle on CVD prevention are warranted.

scholarly journals The combined healthy lifestyle score is a protective factor for cardiovascular disease: a representative national cohort study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Tzu-Lin Yeh ◽  
Hsin-Yin Hsu ◽  
Le-Yin Hsu ◽  
Chun-Chuan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract BackgroundThe protective effect of different healthy lifestyle scores for the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was reported but the comparisons of performance were lack. We compared the performance measures of cardiovascular diseases from different healthy lifestyle scores among adult Taiwan.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide prospective cohort study of 6042 participants (median age 43 years, 50.2% women) in Taiwan’s Hypertensive, Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia Survey, 2002 who were free of CVD at baseline. Simple and weighted Taiwan healthy lifestyle score was defined as combination of normal body mass index, Mediterranean diet, adequately physical activity, not smoking and regular healthy drinking and each dichotomous lifestyle factor. World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommended lifestyle and Life's Simple 7 following the guideline definition. The incidence of cardiovascular disease incidence among the 4 healthy lifestyle score each divided into 4 groups based on scores were estimated.ResultsDuring a median 14.3 years follow-up period, totally 520 cases developed CVD events. In multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, adherence to highest category compared with lowest one of simple Taiwan lifestyle score for hazard ratio 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2, 0.94) and weighted Taiwan lifestyle score for 0.44 (95%CI 0.28, 0.68) were independently and significantly. In addition, age played a significant effect modifier for the protective effect of healthy lifestyle scores for CVD risk. Specifically, when the simple and weighted Taiwan healthy lifestyle score were added to the classical model, the Harrell’s C-statistic increasing from 0.85 to 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84, 087; Pdiff=0.02) in both lifestyle scores. The performance measures by integrated discriminative improvement showed significant increasing after adding simple Taiwan healthy lifestyle score (integrated discriminative improvement: 0.51, 95% CI 0.16, 0.86, P=0.002) and weighted Taiwan lifestyle score (integrated discriminative improvement: 0.38, 95% CI 0.01,0.74, P=0.021) information.Conclusions We demonstrated that healthy lifestyle scores with an inverse association with CVD, and the reduction of CVD risk was more for young adults than for old adult. Further investigations to study the mechanism of lifestyle role on CVD prevention are warranted.

scholarly journals Prospective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and hepatic steatosis: the Swiss CoLaus cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040959
Author(s):  
Saman Khalatbari-Soltani ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Nita G. Forouhi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Prospective Association

ObjectiveThe Mediterranean diet has been promoted as a healthy dietary pattern, but whether the Mediterranean diet may help to prevent hepatic steatosis is not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the prospective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of hepatic steatosis.DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingThe Swiss CoLaus Study.ParticipantsWe evaluated 2288 adults (65.4% women, aged 55.8±10.0 years) without hepatic steatosis at first follow-up in 2009–2012. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was scaled as the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) based on the Mediterranean diet pyramid ascertained with responses to Food Frequency Questionnaires.Outcome measuresNew onset of hepatic steatosis was ascertained by two indices separately: the Fatty Liver Index (FLI, ≥60 points) and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) score (≥−0.640 points). Prospective associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of hepatic steatosis were quantified using Poisson regression.ResultsDuring a mean 5.3 years of follow-up, hepatic steatosis was ascertained in 153 (6.7%) participants by FLI criteria and in 208 (9.1%) by NAFLD score. After multivariable adjustment, higher adherence to MDS was associated with lower risk of hepatic steatosis based on FLI: risk ratio 0.84 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.96) per 1 SD of MDS; 0.85 (0.73 to 0.99) adjusted for BMI; and 0.85 (0.71 to 1.02) adjusted for both BMI and waist circumference. When using NAFLD score, no significant association was found between MDS and risk of hepatic steatosis (0.95 (0.83 to 1.09)).ConclusionA potential role of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of hepatic steatosis is suggested by the inverse association observed between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and incidence of hepatic steatosis based on the FLI. The inconsistency of this association when hepatic steatosis was assessed by NAFLD score points to the need for accurate population-level assessment of fatty liver and its physiological markers.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of lung cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Schulpen ◽  
Piet A. van den Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractThe evidence on a cancer-protective effect of the Mediterranean diet (MD) is still limited. Therefore, we investigated the association between MD adherence and lung cancer risk. Data were used from 120 852 participants of the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS), aged 55–69 years. Dietary habits were assessed at baseline (1986) using a validated FFQ and alternate and modified Mediterranean diet scores (aMED and mMED, respectively), including and excluding alcohol, were calculated. After 20·3 years of follow-up, 2861 lung cancer cases and 3720 subcohort members (case-cohort design) could be included in multivariable Cox regression analyses. High (6–8) v. low (0–3) aMED excluding alcohol was associated with non-significantly reduced lung cancer risks in men and women with hazard ratios of 0·91 (95 % CI 0·72, 1·15) and 0·73 (95 % CI 0·49, 1·09), respectively. aMED-containing models generally fitted better than mMED-containing models. In never smokers, a borderline significant decreasing trend in lung cancer risk was observed with increasing aMED excluding alcohol. Analyses stratified by the histological lung cancer subtypes did not identify subtypes with a particularly strong inverse relation with MD adherence. Generally, the performance of aMED and World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research dietary score variants without alcohol was comparable. In conclusion, MD adherence was non-significantly inversely associated with lung cancer risk in the NLCS. Future studies should focus on differences in associations across the sexes and histological subtypes. Furthermore, exclusion of alcohol from MD scores should be investigated more extensively, primarily with respect to a potential role of the MD in cancer prevention.

scholarly journals The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention. BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18-25 years.The cross-sectional Lifestyle, biomarkers and atherosclerosis (LBA) study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernström ◽  
Ulrika Fernberg ◽  
Anita Hurtig-Wennlöf
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, it is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at young age. In the Lifestyle, biomarkers and atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, 18-25 years. The general purpose of the LBA study was to study the effect of lifestyle on traditional biomarkers known to influence CVD risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sleep habits of the young adult women and men participating in the LBA study, and to compare the importance of sleep habits and other lifestyle habits on clinically relevant biomarkers for CVD. Additional aim was to find easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk to develop CVD later in life. Methods: The participants have previously been examined for lifestyle factors, biomarkers and CVD risk score. They filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep. Results: In total 27% of the young adult participants reported difficulties to fall asleep or experiences anxious sleep with several awakenings per night. The experienced anxious sleep was not related to higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and sleep duration was correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat %, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was CRF. Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than moderate- and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR) (P<0.01) and HOMA-IR and BMI (P<0.01) was observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults who needs counselling about a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.

Abstract MP20: Cardiovascular Protection by the Mediterranean Diet Differs Across Socioeconomic Groups: Prospective Findings From The MOLI-SANI Study

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialaura Bonaccio ◽  
Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽  
George Pounis ◽  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Mariarosaria Persichillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Reduced Risk

Introduction: Low socioeconomic status is associated with poor health outcomes and unhealthy behaviors. The traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) has been related to reduced risk of major chronic diseases and mortality and exhibits a socioeconomic gradient. Hypothesis: The association of the MD with cardiovascular risk (CVD) may differ across different socioeconomic status groups. Methods: Population-based cohort study on 18,710 individuals apparently free at enrollment from CVD and diabetes, randomly recruited from the general population of the MOLI-SANI study (Italy). The cohort was followed up for a median of 4.3 years (81,367 person-years). Food intake was recorded by the EPIC food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the MD was appraised by the Greek Mediterranean diet score. Household income (Euros/year) and educational levels were used as socioeconomic status indicators. Incident CVD events were identified from the hospital discharge records based on ICD-9 codes. Results: We identified 252 CVD events (CHD n=207, stroke n=45). A 2-point increase in the MD score was associated with 16% reduced risk (2% to 28%). The protective effect of the MD differed across educational levels and household income categories (p for interaction=0.042 and 0.0081 respectively) with subjects in the highest category of either education or income reporting a significant reduction of CVD risk in respect to the lowest (HR=0.40;0.23-0.69 and HR=0.38; 0.22-0.64 respectively). In multivariable analysis further controlled for adherence to the MD, nutrient intake varied across socioeconomic strata with those with higher status reporting higher intake of antioxidants and polyphenols (see Table). Conclusions: The protective effect of the MD on CVD risk was only evident within high socioeconomic status groups. At comparable levels of adherence to the MD, differences in dietary antioxidant and polyphenol intakes were apparent across population strata. These nutritional gaps may partly explain the observed socioeconomic pattern of protection.

scholarly journals Milk and risk of colorectal, colon and rectal cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 1274-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toril Bakken ◽  
Tonje Braaten ◽  
Anja Olsen ◽  
Anette Hjartåker ◽  
Eiliv Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Colon And Rectal Cancer ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractAccording to World Cancer Research Fund International/American Institute for Cancer Research, it is ‘probable’ that dairy products decrease the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, meta-analyses restricted to women have not shown associations between milk intake and risk of CRC. The aim of this study was to examine the association between milk intake and risk of CRC, colon cancer and rectal cancer among women. Data from 81 675 participants in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Cohort Study were included, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to investigate milk intake using two different analytical approaches: one that included repeated measurements and one that included baseline measurements only (872 and 1084 CRC cases, respectively). A weak inverse association between milk intake and risk of colon cancer may be indicated both in repeated measurements analyses and in baseline data analyses. Hazard ratios (HR) for colon cancer of 0·80 (95 % CI 0·62, 1·03, Ptrend 0·07) and 0·81 (95 % CI 0·64, 1·01, Ptrend 0·03) and HR for rectal cancer of 0·97 (95 % CI 0·67, 1·42, Ptrend 0·92) and 0·71 (95 % CI 0·50, 1·01, Ptrend 0·03) were found when comparing the high with the no/seldom milk intake group in energy-adjusted multivariable models. Our study indicates that there may be a weak inverse association between milk intake and risk of colon cancer among women. The two analytical approaches yielded different results for rectal cancer and hence CRC. Our study indicates that the use of single or repeated measurements in analyses may influence the results.

scholarly journals The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention. BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18-25 years.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernström ◽  
Ulrika Fernberg ◽  
Anita Hurtig-Wennlöf
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, it is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at young age. In the Lifestyle, biomarkers and atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, 18-25 years. The general purpose of the LBA study was to study the effect of lifestyle on traditional biomarkers known to influence CVD risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sleep habits of the young adult women and men participating in the LBA study, and to compare the importance of sleep habits and other lifestyle habits on clinically relevant biomarkers for CVD. Additional aim was to find easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk to develop CVD later in life. Methods: The participants have previously been examined for lifestyle factors, biomarkers and CVD risk score. They filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep. Results: In total 27% of the young adult participants reported difficulties to fall asleep or experiences anxious sleep with several awakenings per night. The experienced anxious sleep was not related to higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and sleep duration was correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat %, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was CRF. Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than moderate- and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR) (P<0.01) and HOMA-IR and BMI (P<0.01) was observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults who needs counselling about a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.

scholarly journals The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention. BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18-25 years.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernström ◽  
Ulrika Fernberg ◽  
Anita Hurtig-Wennlöf
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at a young age. In the Lifestyle, Biomarkers and Atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, aged 18-25 years. The general purpose of the LBA study was to study the effect of lifestyle on traditional biomarkers known to influence CVD risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sleep habits of young adult women and men participating in the LBA study, and to compare the importance of sleep and other lifestyle habits on clinically relevant biomarkers for CVD. An additional aim was to find easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk of developing CVD later in life. Methods: The participants had previously been examined for lifestyle factors, biomarkers and CVD risk score. They filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep. Results: In total 27% of the young adult participants reported difficulties falling asleep or experienced troubled sleep with frequent awakenings per night. The experienced troubled sleep was not related to a higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and duration were correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat (%), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with the highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was CRF. Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than moderate- and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR), (P<0.01) and HOMA-IR and BMI (P<0.01) were observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults who need counselling on a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.

scholarly journals Lifestyle factors and reversion to normoglycaemia by prediabetes type in PREDAPS study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIA CEA SORIANO ◽  
Carolina Giráldez-García ◽  
Romana Albadalejo ◽  
Josep Franch-Nadal ◽  
Manel Mata-Cases ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Observational Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Regulation ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background There is little evidence on how healthy lifestyle factors can explain the variation in the proportion of patients reverting to normal glucose regulation according to type of prediabetesAims To study the role of lifestyle factors on the reversion to normal glucose regulation according to type of prediabetes.Design and Setting Observational prospective cohort study. The Cohort study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes from2012-2015Methods Participants were classified, according to the definition established by ADA using either fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels between 100-125 mg/dL or HbA1c between 39-47 mmol/mol (5.7%–6.4%), in three groups. Reversion to normal glucose regulation was calculated at third year of follow-up. Relationship of lifestyle factor and type of prediabetes with reversion was estimated by means of Odds Ratios (OR) using three sequential models.Results Proportion of reversion rates were 31% for FPG group, 31% for HbA1c group and 7.9% for both altered parameters group, respectively. BMI<25 kg/m2[OR (95% CI): 1.90 (1.20-3.01)], high adherence to Mediterranean diet 1.78 (1.21-2.63) and absence of abdominal obesity 1.70 (1.19-2.43) were the strongest lifestyle predictors for reversion. Compared with those with both altered parameters, OR of reversion of prediabetes was 4.87 (3.10-7.65) for FPG group and 3.72 (2.39-5.78) for HbA1c group. These estimates remained almost the same after further adjustment for biochemical parameters and lifestyle factors.Conclusions Although optimal lifestyle factors showed to be a positive predictor, those do not seem to explain the differences according to the type of prediabetes.

scholarly journals The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention: BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18–25 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernström ◽  
Ulrika Fernberg ◽  
Anita Hurtig-Wennlöf
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at a young age. In the Lifestyle, Biomarkers and Atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, aged 18–25 years. The general purpose of the LBA study was to study the effect of lifestyle on traditional biomarkers known to influence CVD risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sleep habits of young adult women and men participating in the LBA study, and to compare the importance of sleep and other lifestyle habits on clinically relevant biomarkers for CVD. An additional aim was to find easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk of developing CVD later in life. Methods The participants had previously been examined for lifestyle factors, biomarkers and CVD risk score. They filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep. Results In total 27% of the young adult participants reported difficulties falling asleep or experienced troubled sleep with frequent awakenings per night. The experienced troubled sleep was not related to a higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and duration were correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat (%), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with the highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was CRF. Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than moderate- and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR), (P < 0.01) and HOMA-IR and BMI (P < 0.01) were observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults who need counselling on a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.

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