scholarly journals Geochemical and statistical evaluation of groundwater in the Thamirabarani river basin, south India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajendran Chellaiah ◽  
Basker ◽  
Hima Pravin ◽  
Suneel Kumar Joshi ◽  
Sneha Gautam
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
International Standards

Abstract In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop the dictate metrics using a multi-proxy approach, i.e., spatial-temporal analysis, statistical evaluation, and hydrogeochemical analysis for 45 water samples located in the Thamirabarani river basin in Tamil Nadu, India. In order to evaluate the aptness of developed metrics for agriculture and domestic needs, eleven years dataset was analyzed and compared with national and international standards. Monitoring and analysis results revealed that the concentration of calcium and chloride ion was on the higher side in all the selected locations. These higher values may be attributed to the regional point sources such as untreated water disposal and off-peak sources such as agriculture practices. The principal component analysis resulted in 84.2% of the total variance in the post-monsoon season dataset. The major analyzed cations and anions were observed in the following order: Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+ and Cl−> HCO3−> SO42−> NO3−, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that the studied area's groundwater quality was significantly affected by the high salinity in the region, probably due to anthropogenic activities and unprotected river sites.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Drinking Water Quality in Cauvery Delta Region and Palar Region, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
R. Sophia Porchelvi ◽  
P. Selvavathi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Cauvery Delta

Delta regions of the Cauvery River basin are one of the significant areas of rice production in India. In spite of large-scale utilization of the river basin for irrigation and drinking purposes, the lack of appropriate water management has seemingly deteriorated the water quality due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Vellore is the second most populous district of Tamil Nadu in India where the Palar River flowing towards east for about 295 Km. Vellore is surrounded by many leather tanneries and small scale dying industries and their effluents are discharged into the Palar river causing impact on the quality of the underground water. To assess the extent of deterioration, physicochemical characteristics of surface water were analyzed select regions of Cauvery Delta River basin and Palar region, Tamil Nadu, during March 2016 to May 2016. This study aimed to examine quality of drinking groundwater. The results represented whether the water was suitable or unsuitable for drinking purposes in this area. It was also observed that some areas like Tiruvarur, Needamangalam, Kamalapuram, Arcot, Soraiyur, Ranipet had low quality drinking water. It is suggested to take some necessary measures for supplying desirable water to the people living in these areas.

The aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) of eight lakes in the Aşği Firat River Basin (Lower Euphrates, Turkey)

Biologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seval Aras ◽  
Özlem Fındik
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Aquatic Oligochaetes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution

AbstractThe Aşağ Fırat River is located in the south-eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The water quality of the Aşağ Fırat River basin has been degrading for some time, primarily as the result of pollutants associated with the discharges from numerous domestic and agricultural point sources. Aquatic macroinvertebrate samples were collected from eight lakes conducted by using both hand-nets and an Ekman-Birge grab sampler during the summer and autumn of 2014, focusing on the species composition and distribution of aquatic oligochaetes in eight lakes of the Aşağ Fırat River basin, and their relationships with physico-chemical parameters measured in those lakes using Principal Component Analysis. Results of analyses of all identified benthic macroinvertebrates clearly indicate the percent dominance of oligochaetes in benthic samples in the eight dam lakes that were sampled: Hacıhıdır lake (62.9%); Atatürk lake (49.6%); Üçöz lake (28.9%); Dumluca lake (22.01%); Seve lake (13.9%); Çat lake (8.5%); Karakaya lake (7.8%) and Birecik lake (5%). During this study, 1044 oligochaete specimens representing 10 species of two subfamilies within the family Naididae were identified. The most abundant taxa were

scholarly journals Flood-initiating catchment conditions: a spatio-temporal analysis of large-scale soil moisture patterns in the Elbe River basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1401-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nied ◽  
Y. Hundecha ◽  
B. Merz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Elbe River ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Elbe River Basin ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Elbe River

Abstract. Floods are the result of a complex interaction between meteorological event characteristics and pre-event catchment conditions. While the large-scale meteorological conditions have been classified and successfully linked to floods, this is lacking for the large-scale pre-event catchment conditions. Therefore, we propose classifying soil moisture as a key variable of pre-event catchment conditions and investigating the link between soil moisture patterns and flood occurrence in the Elbe River basin. Soil moisture is simulated using a semi-distributed conceptual rainfall-runoff model over the period 1951–2003. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis are applied successively to identify days of similar soil moisture patterns. The results show that PCA considerably reduced the dimensionality of the soil moisture data. The first principal component (PC) explains 75.71% of the soil moisture variability and represents the large-scale seasonal wetting and drying. The successive PCs express spatially heterogeneous catchment processes. By clustering the leading PCs, we identify large-scale soil moisture patterns which frequently occur before the onset of floods. In winter, floods are initiated by overall high soil moisture content, whereas in summer the flood-initiating soil moisture patterns are diverse and less stable in time.

scholarly journals On the use of validated ocean models to investigate the evolution of primary productivity in the Levantine Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Malak Kanj ◽  
Ali Fadel
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Levantine Sea ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractMarine ecosystems are vital natural resources that contribute to the global biogeochemical cycle, food, and energy production. In order to monitor and evaluate variations of different factors for decision making processes, validated ecosystem models were used in this study to analyze the evolution of different variables: temperature and salinity concentrations (from 1987 to 2014) and nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll concentrations, and phytoplankton biomass (from 1999 to 2014) in four sites (from 0 to 66 m depth) along the Levantine Sea: Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt and in the Open Sea. Principal component analysis and TRIX were then applied. Spatio-temporal analysis and PCA results showed that phytoplankton biomass is temporally affected by temperature and nutrients (in all stations) as well as salinity in some cases, in addition to its decrease with depth. TRIX analysis showed that all stations had higher primary productivity, in the first half of the year (January-May). Intense anthropogenic activities in Turkey and Egypt have altered the ecosystem’s stability and affected the phytoplankton biomass.

Satellite monitoring of ammonia: from point sources to long-term trends

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieven Clarisse ◽  
Martin Van Damme ◽  
Bruno Franco ◽  
Simon Whitburn ◽  
Juliette Hadji-Lazaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
On Line ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Distribution Type

<p>IASI satellite ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) measurements are used to identify, categorise and quantify world's NH<sub>3</sub> emission hotspots. In particular, applying spatial oversampling and supersampling techniques on more than 10 years of IASI measurements, we are able to track-down more than 500 localized point sources of agricultural, industrial (fertilizer, coking, soda ash, geothermal and explosives industries), urban and natural origin. We present an on-line global NH<sub>3</sub> point sources catalogue, consisting of an interactive global map, visualizing the distribution, type and time evolution of the different point sources (http://www.ulb.ac.be/cpm/NH3-IASI.html). Calculated satellite-based emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> suggest a drastic underestimation of point sources in bottom-up inventories, especially those of industrial emitters. Temporal analysis revealed rapid shifts in anthropogenic activities, such as the opening or closure of industrial plants. These results demonstrate that using NH<sub>3</sub> satellite data will be hugely beneficial for improving bottom-up emission inventories.</p><p>A recently obtained homogeneous data record of NH<sub>3</sub> total columns from IASI (ANNI-NH<sub>3</sub>-v3R) is also used to derive trends over the last decade. We apply a bootstrap resampling method to determine the trends and to assess whether the calculated values are significant or not. We obtain the first global distribution (0.5°×0.5°) of atmospheric NH<sub>3</sub> trends based on 11 years (2008-2018) of IASI/Metop-A observations. Distinct temporal patterns are extracted and are analysed in light of anthropogenic activities and biomass burning events. National absolute and relative trends are also calculated and discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment on Regional Flood Risk Trend in Northern Region of Malaysia: Case Study in Muda River Basin, Kedah

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marhanisa Abd Halim ◽  
Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi ◽  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Muaz Mahmud ◽  
Arvind Bala Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Control Limit ◽  
Statistical Process

Flood is a major issue during monsoon season in Northern region of Malaysia especially in Muda River Basin. This study focused on the specific hydrology parameters that lead to the flood events in Muda River Basin, Kedah. There were 4 hydrologic parameters for thirty years of collected data from selected hydrology monitoring stations provided by Department of Irrigations and Drainage, Malaysia. The study applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and result shown that stream flow and suspended solid stand with highest correlation of coefficient variables with the changes of water level in the study area. Statistical Process Control (SPC) applied in this study was to determine the control limit for every selected parameter obtained from PCA. The Upper Control Limit value for water level reported from SPC analysis in the study area was 7.568m and starting from this level and above, the risk of flood is high to occur in the study area. This research proved that the flood risk model created in this study was accurate and flexible for flood early warning system at Muda River Basin.  

scholarly journals Flood-initiating catchment conditions: a spatio-temporal analysis of large-scale soil moisture patterns in the Elbe river basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 10053-10094
Author(s):  
M. Nied ◽  
Y. Hundecha ◽  
B. Merz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Elbe River ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Elbe River Basin ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Elbe River

Abstract. Floods are the result of a complex interaction between meteorological event characteristics and pre-event catchment conditions. While the large-scale meteorological conditions have been classified and successfully linked to floods, this is lacking for the large-scale pre-event catchment conditions. Therefore, we propose to classify soil moisture as a key variable of pre-event catchment conditions and to investigate the link between soil moisture patterns and flood occurrence in the Elbe river basin. Soil moisture is simulated using a semi-distributed conceptual rainfall-runoff model over the period 1951–2003. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis are applied successively to identify days of similar soil moisture patterns. The results show that PCA considerably reduced the dimensionality of the soil moisture data. The first principal component (PC) explains 75.71% of the soil moisture variability and represents the large-scale seasonal wetting and drying. The successive PCs express the spatial heterogeneous antecedent catchment conditions. By clustering the leading PCs, we detected large-scale soil moisture patterns which frequently occur before the onset of floods. In winter floods are initiated by overall high soil moisture content whereas in summer the flood initiating soil moisture patterns are diverse and less stable in time. The results underline the importance of large-scale pre-event catchment conditions in flood initiation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Spatiotemporal Variability and Rising Trends of Surface Ozone Over India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar Kunchala ◽  
Bhupendra Bahadur Singh ◽  
Karumuri Rama Krishna ◽  
Raju Attada ◽  
Vivek Seelanki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Second Mode

Abstract With rising anthropogenic activities, surface ozone levels have increased across different parts of the world including India. Studies have shown that surface ozone shows distinct characteristics across India, however these studies are mostly based on isolated locations. Any comprehensive and spatiotemporally consistent study on surface ozone is lacking thus far. Keeping these facts in mind, we utilize ground-based observations and reanalysis datasets to investigate the surface ozone variability, seasonality, and linkages with meteorology over India. A validation exercise shows that the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Reanalysis (CAMSRA) reasonably compares against the ground-based observations. Results show that the CAMSRA ozone is in good agreement with the observations across India, where it shows better correlations (r>0.7) over southern regions and relatively lesser (> 0.5) over northern and eastern regions indicating larger variability and spread over these regions. We further quantify this agreement in terms of range, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). Time series analysis shows that the CAMSRA captures seasonal variations irrespective of location. Spatial distribution of surface ozone shows higher (lower) concentrations of about 40-60 ppb (15-20 ppb) during pre-monsoon (monsoon) months over a broad region covering northern and western parts, and peninsular India. A prominent increase during May is noted over the northern region especially over Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). These seasonal variations are linked to solar radiation (SR), temperature, low-level circulation, and boundary layer height (BLH). Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is performed to understand the dominant patterns of spatiotemporal variability for different seasons. It is seen that the first (second) mode shows a high percentage variance explained ranging between 30-50% (10-20%). The time series of PCA-1 mode indicates an overall increasing trend across India with a notable increase over south and central India. The second mode indicates prominent variability over the IGP (southern India) in the pre-monsoon (post-monsoon) season, which shows significant interannual variability. During the monsoon season, an interesting dipole pattern is seen which closely resembles the active and break spell patterns of the Indian summer monsoon. Overall, the spatiotemporal variations in surface ozone are closely tied to meteorology while the rising trends indicate the potential role of increasing precursors across India.

scholarly journals Assessment and source identification of heavy metal contamination of groundwater using geospatial technology in Gadilam River basin, Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mohammed Rizwan ◽  
V. Thirukumaran ◽  
M. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Groundwater Samples

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the groundwater quality of the Gadilam River basin on the basis of Geographic Information Technology (GIS) taxonomy evaluation and risk assessment and statistical analysis. The Gadilam River originates from the district of Kallakurichi and flows into the district of Viluppuram finally confluence at Bay of Bengal in the district of Cuddalore. Groundwater supplies are serving the entire drinking needs of the residents of the Gadilam River basin, and pollution of its toxic elements has been raised in recent years. A total of 120 groundwater samples, excluding reserved forest areas, were obtained from the Gadilam River basin. 50 samples of the Archaean formation, 34 samples of the Quaternary formation, 35 additional Tertiary formation samples and one Cretaceous formation sample. During the monsoon season (Nov. 2018), groundwater samples were taken, which is after the Gaja cyclone’s diastral effects. At the time of the sample acquisition, pH, EC and TDS were measured using the Elico field kit. Using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, the heavy metals Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Co, Fe, Mn and Ni were analyzed. The spatial distribution maps of the GIS shows that in all the samples the concentrations of chromium, lead, cobalt, nickel are high (above the permitted limit). In 93.40%of the area, the manganese concentrations are higher, dropping under the unauthorized cap for human use in compliance with WHO requirements. In addition, statistical analysis indicates that groundwater pollution of the roots of Pb and Cr is from foreign sources and geogenic origin cannot be avoided. The country's rocks and industrial effluents can trigger Zn and Co. The anthropogenic operations may be due to Cu. The taxonomy diagram showing all groundwater samples is classified as ‘near neutral high metal.’ Industrial waste, household sewage, has boosted the emission of heavy metals. Groundwater risk assessment study of heavy metals using SMCE approach reveals that dense residential area in the Archaean formation, lineaments intersection with river portion and sea shore area in Quaternary formation and nearby SIPCOT industry and Lignite mining area in Tertiary formation is noted in the ‘Extreme risk dangerous’ areas.

Assessment of Groundwater Geochemistry of Vel River basin, Western Maharashtra, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
S. K. Gaikwad ◽  
N. D. Pathan ◽  
N. S. Bansode ◽  
S. P. Gaikwad ◽  
Y. P. Badhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Groundwater Geochemistry ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Rock Water Interaction ◽  
Good For ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Geological Control

To study the chemistry of major ion in groundwater from Vel (Velu) River basin, sixty (60) samples of dug wells and bore wells were collected and analyzed using standard techniques given by APHA. It shows order of dominance for cations, Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and in anionic concentration as HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- in groundwater. The pH of groundwater is slightly alkaline (range: pH 7.0 - 8.1), while average values of Electrical Conductivity (EC) is about 2641 µS/cm indicating high mineralization of groundwater. In general, the cationic concentration (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) of the groundwater increase in the downstream side (from Northwest to South east), suggesting geological control on the composition of groundwater while highest concentration is in lower part of the basin are generally associated with the high salinity. In the major anions, bicarbonate (HCO3-) is higher due to rock-water interaction. Average value of chloride is about of 235 mg/L due to discharge zones along with anthropogenic activities. The geochemical data plotted on Piper Trilinear Diagram is showing dominant hydro-chemical facies: Ca2++Mg2+, Na++ K+, Cl-+ SO42- -HCO3- found in 83.3 % samples indicating the alkaline earth exceeding the alkalis and the strong acids exceeds the weak acids. The pH, Total Hardness (TH) and Magnesium (Mg2+) of the samples show more proportion of samples falling above desirable limit. Otherwise the quality of groundwater is good for drinking. The irrigation indices like SAR, KR and SSP were considered to evaluate groundwater suitability for irrigation. Comparing with SAR parameter all samples are excellent to good for irrigation. In SSP, 33.3 % samples are within permissible, while 66.6% samples are doubtful for irrigation purpose. In KR almost all samples (excluding 04 samples in lower side of basin) are suitable for irrigation. So, variations in climate, geology with anthropogenic activities are modifying the groundwater geochemistry of Vel River Basin.

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