scholarly journals The Predictive and Diagnostic Potential of Symptoms for Glioblastoma Patient Survival

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Mrowczynski ◽  
Ae Lim Yang ◽  
Jason Liao ◽  
Sara Langan ◽  
Elias Rizk
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Tumor Biomarkers ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Glioblastoma Patient ◽  
Diagnostic Potential

Abstract PurposeGlioblastoma is a devastating malignancy with a dismal survival rate and median survival time of 14 months. Currently, the biomarkers for glioblastoma are mostly molecular and include EGFRvIII, ATRX, PTEN, IDH1, MGMT, and others. These prognostic tumor biomarkers are obtained through a surgical biopsy and thus not easily attainable. Clinicians would benefit from a robust, non-invasive, and readily available indicator for early diagnosis and accurate prognostication for glioblastoma patients. MethodsIn this study, we assessed whether specific patient symptoms could provide early diagnosis of glioblastoma. Further, if any patient symptomatology would provide clinicians with the ability to prognosticate patient survival more accurately. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data for 218 patients. We determined whether symptoms including headache, weakness, seizure, memory loss/confusion, visual changes, speech changes, and loss of consciousness led to a patient being diagnosed earlier and if any of these symptoms predicted a diminished patient survival. ResultsOur study determined that weakness and memory loss/confusion were symptoms that predicted diminished survival, and weakness alone was the symptom that predicted earlier diagnosis. Conclusion: This study further elucidates the complexities of glioblastoma and provides clinicians with more data for their patients when discussing prognostication after diagnosis of glioblastoma.

scholarly journals Integration of Urinary EN2 Protein & Cell-Free RNA Data in the Development of a Multivariable Risk Model for the Detection of Prostate Cancer Prior to Biopsy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2102
Author(s):  
Shea Connell ◽  
Robert Mills ◽  
Hardev Pandha ◽  
Richard Morgan ◽  
Colin Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Trus Biopsy ◽  
Diagnostic Potential

The objective is to develop a multivariable risk model for the non-invasive detection of prostate cancer prior to biopsy by integrating information from clinically available parameters, Engrailed-2 (EN2) whole-urine protein levels and data from urinary cell-free RNA. Post-digital-rectal examination urine samples collected as part of the Movember Global Action Plan 1 study which has been analysed for both cell-free-RNA and EN2 protein levels were chosen to be integrated with clinical parameters (n = 207). A previously described robust feature selection framework incorporating bootstrap resampling and permutation was applied to the data to generate an optimal feature set for use in Random Forest models for prediction. The fully integrated model was named ExoGrail, and the out-of-bag predictions were used to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the risk model. ExoGrail risk (range 0–1) was able to determine the outcome of an initial trans-rectal ultrasound guided (TRUS) biopsy more accurately than clinical standards of care, predicting the presence of any cancer with an area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) = 0.89 (95% confidence interval(CI): 0.85–0.94), and discriminating more aggressive Gleason ≥ 3 + 4 disease returning an AUC = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.78–0.89). The likelihood of more aggressive disease being detected significantly increased as ExoGrail risk score increased (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.21 per 0.1 ExoGrail increase, 95% CI: 1.91–2.59). Decision curve analysis of the net benefit of ExoGrail showed the potential to reduce the numbers of unnecessary biopsies by 35% when compared to current standards of care. Integration of information from multiple, non-invasive biomarker sources has the potential to greatly improve how patients with a clinical suspicion of prostate cancer are risk-assessed prior to an invasive biopsy.

The Central Slip Tenodesis Test for Early Diagnosis of Potential Boutonnière Deformities

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. SMITH ◽  
D. A. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Boutonniere Deformity ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Central Slip ◽  
Boutonnière Deformity

Disruption of the central slip is the primary defect leading to boutonnière deformity. In the closed injury early diagnosis of this lesion is rarely achieved due to the limitations of current methods and difficulties encountered in assessing a painful finger. We describe a simple, non-invasive method of diagnosis which can be carried out on all patients and with minimal discomfort. This test is also beneficial in monitoring the progress of conservative management of central slip disruption.

The Surgical Biopsy

1978 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. ORL-367-ORL-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Nahum ◽  
Paul E. Bernstein ◽  
Sidney Saltzstein
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes

A cost-benefit analysis of biopsy techniques for deep cervical lesions reveals that the aspiration biopsy is superior in terms of cost, speed, and morbidity but inferior in accuracy. Aspiration is most accurate for the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes. An early diagnosis of malignancy by needle aspiration can be of benefit in several stages of patient management.

Salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1432-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Gohel ◽  
Judith A. Jones ◽  
Carolyn J. Wehler
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Abstract Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the literature examining associations between salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease (CVD) status. Contents: An advanced search was conducted using MeSH terms related to salivary biomarkers and CVD, and entered into the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search databases. Four hundred and thirty-three records were narrowed to 22 accepted articles. Included titles were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and ranked into categories of low, moderate, or high. Summary: A total of 40 salivary biomarkers were analyzed among accepted articles. The most studied markers were salivary creatine kinase isoform MB, C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase-9, troponin I, myeloperoxidase, myoglobin, and brain natriuretic peptide. Salivary CRP provided the most consistent trends. Statistically significant increases of salivary CRP were present with CVD in every study that analyzed it. The remaining six markers demonstrated varying patterns. Outlook: Existing studies provide insufficient data to draw definitive conclusions. Current research shows that there is an association between some salivary biomarkers and CVD, but the details of existing studies are conflicting. Despite inconclusive results, the diagnostic potential of saliva shows promise as a non-invasive means of cardiovascular risk assessment.

MicroRNAs: New non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic method for cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tamadir Aledani ◽  
Kassim Abdulkareem
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Tumor Suppressive Mirnas ◽  
Exciting Possibility

Background: Cancer is a global health problem and the main cause of mortality. Most cancerassociated cases of mortality are the consequences of lack of effective treatment and biomarkers for early diagnosis. New hopes for the improvement of the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer synchronize with the emergence of microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNAs are small, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs, the length of which is approximately 18–25 nucleotides and which bind to 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of the target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to mRNA degradation or translational inhibition; thereby regulating gene expression posttranscriptionally. Aim: Using microRNAs as promising and potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Methods: The microRNA expression changes in peripheral blood and can be assayed using non-invasive, low-cost, precise, and rapid tools. Results: It is noteworthy that miRNAs participate in multiple cancer-related biological processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, invasion, and metastasis. Interestingly, the identified cancer-associated miRNAs, including over-expressed oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) or underexpressed tumor-suppressive miRNAs, are diverse and specific for different tissues and cancer types. Conclusion: The genetic testing of microRNAs opens up the exciting possibility of early diagnosis and treatment before the onset of metastasis. Keywords: microRNAs, gene silencing, circulating biomarkers, cancer diagnosis, anticancer therapy, miRNAs detection.

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