Salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1432-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Gohel ◽  
Judith A. Jones ◽  
Carolyn J. Wehler
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Abstract Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the literature examining associations between salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease (CVD) status. Contents: An advanced search was conducted using MeSH terms related to salivary biomarkers and CVD, and entered into the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search databases. Four hundred and thirty-three records were narrowed to 22 accepted articles. Included titles were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and ranked into categories of low, moderate, or high. Summary: A total of 40 salivary biomarkers were analyzed among accepted articles. The most studied markers were salivary creatine kinase isoform MB, C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase-9, troponin I, myeloperoxidase, myoglobin, and brain natriuretic peptide. Salivary CRP provided the most consistent trends. Statistically significant increases of salivary CRP were present with CVD in every study that analyzed it. The remaining six markers demonstrated varying patterns. Outlook: Existing studies provide insufficient data to draw definitive conclusions. Current research shows that there is an association between some salivary biomarkers and CVD, but the details of existing studies are conflicting. Despite inconclusive results, the diagnostic potential of saliva shows promise as a non-invasive means of cardiovascular risk assessment.

scholarly journals Association between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders including dementias; a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L G Gagatsis ◽  
E F Ford ◽  
S B Bremner ◽  
P P Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Current Context

Abstract Background Several studies have examined associations between neurodegenerative disorders (ND) including dementia, and cancer. However, the associations and directions of these relationships vary by types of ND and cancer. In the current context of ageing populations and increased incidence of ND, dementia and cancer, and existing comorbidity between these disease groups, a better understanding of these relationships could, in future, inform prevention and therapeutics. This systematic review summarises the epidemiological evidence on these associations. Methods PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant studies published by 31/12/2018. The search strategy included a combination of search and MESH terms related to ND (e.g. Alzheimer’s, dementia), cancer and study design (case-control, cohort). The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Results 77 studies were eligible for inclusion. The majority of studies scored 6+ on the NOS scale and some reported significant associations between ND and cancer. The association with specific types of cancer was not as evident as with all cancers. An inverse relationship was found between NDs and particularly Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Dementia and Cancer. Only one study found no association between Vascular Dementia and Cancer. Conclusions The findings report an overall inverse association between NDs and all cancers but associations are less evident with specific cancer types. Results from this review can be helpful in recommending reporting standards for future research to reduce heterogeneity between studies. Key messages Exploring the intersection of neurodegenerative disorders/dementia and cancer might help redirect research to novel therapeutic approaches. A standardised approach in design and outcome measurement is necessary to reduce heterogeneity across the studies.

scholarly journals Markers of Myocardial Stress, Myocardial Injury, and Subclinical Inflammation and the Risk of Sudden Death

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
pp. 1148-1158
Author(s):  
Brendan M. Everett ◽  
M.V. Moorthy ◽  
Jani T. Tikkanen ◽  
Nancy R. Cook ◽  
Christine M. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Reactive Protein

Background: The majority of sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs) occur in low-risk populations often as the first manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Biomarkers are screening tools that may identify subclinical cardiovascular disease and those at elevated risk for SCD. We aimed to determine whether the total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein individually or in combination could identify individuals at higher SCD risk in large, free-living populations with and without cardiovascular disease. Methods: We performed a nested case-control study within 6 prospective cohort studies using 565 SCD cases matched to 1090 controls (1:2) by age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, and presence of cardiovascular disease. Results: The median study follow-up time until SCD was 11.3 years. When examined as quartiles or continuous variables in conditional logistic regression models, each of the biomarkers was significantly and independently associated with SCD risk after mutually controlling for cardiac risk factors and other biomarkers. The mutually adjusted odds ratios for the top compared with the bottom quartile were 1.90 (95% CI, 1.30–2.76) for total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, 2.59 (95% CI, 1.76–3.83) for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, 1.65 (95% CI, 1.12–2.44) for NT-proBNP, and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.13–2.41) for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. A biomarker score that awarded 1 point when the concentration of any of those 4 biomarkers was in the top quartile (score range, 0–4) was strongly associated with SCD, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.37–1.77) per 1-unit increase in the score. Conclusions: Widely available measures of lipids, subclinical myocardial injury, myocardial strain, and vascular inflammation show significant independent associations with SCD risk in apparently low-risk populations. In combination, these measures may have utility to identify individuals at risk for SCD.

scholarly journals Peran biomarker saliva dalam deteksi penyakit mulut menggunakan nanoteknologi sebagai metode yang menjanjikanRole of salivary biomarkers in the detection of oral diseases using nanotechnology as a promising method

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Dewi Zakiawati ◽  
Irna Sufiawati
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Threatening Condition

Pendahuluan: Saliva merupakan zat kaya biomarker yang sering digunakan sebagai indikator kesehatan tubuh. Saliva menunjukkan keadaan infeksi, status hormonal, imunologi, nutrisi, metabolisme, bahkan keganasan. Saat ini perkembangan alat diagnostik mengarah pada nanoteknologi, yang populer karena menawarkan prosedur non-invasif, akurat, dan efisien. Evaluasi terhadap deteksi penyakit mulut menggunakan saliva sebagai biomarker, khususnya yang menggunakan teknologi nano perlu dilakukan guna mengetahui sejauh mana metode tersebut membantu dalam ketepatan diagnosis penyakit mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas peran biomarker saliva dalam mendeteksi penyakit mulut dengan metode nanoteknologi. Metode: Jenis penelitian systematic review. Pencarian research gap menggunakan strategi PICO. PubMed database digunakan untuk pencarian artikel penelitian, dan kata kunci yang digunakan berdasarkan MeSH. Pelaporan hasil riset systematic review menggunakan panduan PRISMA. Penilaian kualitas artikel dianalisis menggunakan QUADAS. Hasil: Deteksi penyakit mulut menggunakan biomarker saliva merupakan alternatif metode non-invasif, selain itu, dengan teknologi nano memperlihatkan hasil yang akurat dalam waktu singkat. Penyakit gigi dan mulut, baik kelainan genetik maupun patogenik, bersifat lokal maupun sistemik, dapat berkembang menjadi kelainan yang mengancam jiwa. Kondisi ini membutuhkan investigasi yang cepat, salah satu caranya adalah dengan mengoptimalkan peran pemeriksaan biomarker saliva menggunakan nanoteknologi. Simpulan: Penerapan nanoteknologi menggunakan biomarker saliva merupakan pilihan metode yang menjanjikan sebagai alat diagnostik baik di riset maupun klinis, khususnya dalam deteksi penyakit mulut.Kata kunci: Alat diagnostik, biomarker, nanoteknologi, penyakit mulut, saliva. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Saliva is a biomarker-rich substance often used as a health indicator of the human body. Saliva shows the state of infection, hormonal status, immunology, nutrition, metabolism, even malignancy. Currently, the development of diagnostic tools leads to nanotechnology, which is popular due to the non-invasive, accurate, and efficient procedures. Evaluation of the detection of oral diseases using saliva as a biomarker, especially those using nanotechnology, needs to be done to determine how this method helps in the accuracy of the diagnosis of oral diseases. This study was aimed to discuss the role of salivary biomarkers in the detection of oral diseases using nanotechnology methods. Methods: type of research is systematic review. Exploration for research gaps were using the PICO strategy, research articles were collected from Pubmed database, and keywords were determined based on MeSH. The results were reported using the PRISMA guidelines, and the quality of the articles was analysed using QUADAS. Results: Detection of oral diseases using salivary biomarkers was an alternative non-invasive method. Additionally, along with nanotechnology enable to show accurate results in a short time. Oral diseases, both genetic and pathogenic, occur locally or systemically and can develop into a life-threatening condition. This situation requires rapid investigation; one of the ways is by optimising the role of salivary biomarker assessment using nanotechnology. Conclusion: The application of nanotechnology using salivary biomarkers is a promising method option as a diagnostic tool in both research and clinical utility, especially in the detection of oral diseases. Keywords: Diagnostic tools, biomarker, nanotechnology, oral disease, saliva.

scholarly journals Does non-invasive ventilation change metabolic markers in children with obstructive sleep apnoea? A systematic review and meta-analysis study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e039655
Author(s):  
Christopher Gerdung ◽  
Sara Rodriguez-Lopez ◽  
Stefan Palkowski ◽  
Diana Keto-Lambert ◽  
Meghan Sebastianski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is not only common within paediatrics but is associated with critical childhood metabolic morbidity such as obesity, cardiovascular disease and glucose tolerance impairment. Increasing evidence suggests an association between childhood OSA and metabolic syndrome such as markers of cardiovascular disease, systemic hypertension, glucose intoleranceand increased lipid profile. Recent studies have targeted changes in metabolic markers in children using non-invasive ventilation (NIV) but no systematic reviews are available to summarise this emerging evidence. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide systematic synthesis of the evidence on the effect of NIV use on metabolic markers in children with OSA.Methods and analysisA systematic search of electronic databases and grey literature will include paediatric interventional studies (random controlled trials, cohort studies) with and without a comparison group. Two reviewers will independently undertake the two step process of title/abstract and full-text screening. Data will be extracted and assessed, with aggregate data being reported. When the data allow, meta-analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationThere are no ethical concerns with this systematic review, as data have previously been published. This review will inform clinicians taking care of children with OSA and obesity/metabolic syndrome about the potential effects of NIV therapies on metabolic markers and has the potential to change the approach to childhood OSA and obesity. Results of this systematic review will be submitted for dissemination in abstract and manuscript form.

scholarly journals Sensorineural hearing loss and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Khosravipour ◽  
Fatemeh Rajati
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Adjusted Model

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to clarify the effects of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) on the incidence of stroke. In line with this, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases were searched using related keywords and MeSH terms from inception to March 1, 2020. Out of the 1961 initial records, eight cohort studies comprising 4,564,202 participants were included, and their qualities were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Then, the random-effects model was used to pool HR (95% CI) for risk of stroke; and heterogeneity was presented with I2 index. Subgroup analysis and publication bias tests were performed, and the pooled HR (95% CI) of stroke in SNHL was estimated as 1.31 (1.08, 1.53) for the unadjusted model and 1.33 (1.18, 1.49) for the adjusted model. Subgroup analysis indicates a significantly higher risk of stroke in patients with sudden SNHL (SSNHL) in comparison to age-related HL (ARHL) both in the unadjusted model, [HR = 1.46; 95% CI (1.08, 1.63)] versus [HR = 1.14; 95% CI (0.64, 1.65)], and in the adjusted model, [HR = 1.44; 95% CI (1.15, 1.74)] versus [HR = 1.29; 95% CI (1.24, 1.34)]. Our study showed that patients with SNHL face a higher risk of stroke than those without SNHL. It is necessary to perform hematologic and neurological examinations to help clinicians detect patients who are potentially at risk for stroke.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses in Organ Donation and the Influence of Interventions-A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manimuthu Reena ◽  
Pothipillai Arumugam ◽  
Sony Paul ◽  
Iyanar Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Mesh Term ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Introduction: Nurses are important paramedical staff taking care of potential organ donors, poor knowledge and attitude of nurses towards organ donation may worsen the nonavailability of organ for transplantation. Hence, in such scenario the nurses should be given interventions in the form of workshops, audio-visual presentations and certificate courses to develop their knowledge and attitude in organ donation. Aim: In the present systematic review, an attempt was made to find the current scenario of knowledge and attitude of nurses and the effectiveness of the programmes conducted to foster them. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE database was used to retrieve the articles. The MeSH term used was “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study, organ donation, nurses, organ transplantation, workshop, education programme, intervention”. The Pubmed advanced search was used. Boolean operator ‘AND’ was used in between the MeSH terms in the advanced search. A descriptive analysis was done on the data available in the articles. Results: From the literature it was evident that in most of the circumstances the knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among nurses is not satisfactory. However, few studies state that nurses do possess adequate knowledge regarding organ donation and are influenced by many factors like age, experience and the unit in which they work. The studies concluded that the knowledge of nurses has improved after the intervention programmes. Conclusion: From this systematic review it was found that the knowledge and attitude of nurses towards organ donation is not to the expected level and the interventions like workshop and peer education do improve their knowledge to considerable level.

scholarly journals Salivary Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Nijakowski ◽  
Anna Surdacka
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

Saliva as a biological fluid has a remarkable potential in the non-invasive diagnostics of several systemic disorders. Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. This systematic review was designed to answer the question “Are salivary biomarkers reliable for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases?”. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eleven studies were included (according to PRISMA statement guidelines). Due to their heterogeneity, the potential salivary markers for IBD were divided into four groups: oxidative status markers, inflammatory cytokines, microRNAs and other biomarkers. Active CD patients manifest decreased activity of antioxidants (e.g., glutathione, catalase) and increased lipid peroxidation. Therefore, malondialdehyde seems to be a good diagnostic marker of CD. Moreover, elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 or tumour necrosis factor α) are associated with the activity of IBD. Additionaly, selected miRNAs are altered in saliva (overexpressed miR-101 in CD; overexpressed miR-21, miR-31, miR-142-3p and underexpressed miR-142-5p in UC). Among other salivary biomarkers, exosomal PSMA7, α-amylase and calprotectin are detected. In conclusion, saliva contains several biomarkers which can be used credibly for the early diagnosis and regular monitoring of IBD. However, further investigations are necessary to validate these findings, as well as to identify new reliable salivary biomarkers.

scholarly journals Potential Effect of Hydroxychloroquine in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review on Preclinical and Clinical Trial Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash ◽  
Tsion Zewdu Desalegn ◽  
Ebrahim M. Yimer ◽  
Arega Gashaw Tsige ◽  
Betelhem Anteneh Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Background. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. It affects millions of people globally. In spite of many antidiabetic drugs that are available, an adequate level of control remains challenging. Hydroxychloroquine is an immunomodulatory drug that has been used for the treatment of malaria and autoimmune diseases. There is an emerging evidence that suggests its beneficial effect against diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this systematic review is aimed at discoursing the role of hydroxychloroquine against diabetes mellitus and its potential mechanisms of actions. Methods. A systematic and manual searching was carried out to retrieve relevant articles (preclinical and clinical studies) published from January 2014 to July 2019. Electronic databases including PubMed and Scopus as well as clinicaltrials.gov have been searched using different searching terms: “hydroxychloroquine,” “diabetes mellitus,” “hyperglycemia,” and “insulin resistance.” The MeSH terms (PubMed) and text words were combined with “AND” or “OR.” In addition, manual searching of Google Engine and Google Scholar was conducted. Quality assessment of all the included studies was performed using CAMARADES (preclinical studies) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Collaboration’s tools (clinical studies). Results. A total of eighteen studies (three experimental and fifteen clinical studies) were found to be eligible for the present systematic review. Among the included clinical studies (six randomized control trials, five observational studies, and four cohort studies), about 55,776 study participants were involved. Most of these studies showed significant improvement of lipid profile and insulin levels and substantial diminution of hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial blood glucose levels. Reduction in lysosomal degradation of the internal insulin-insulin receptor complex and enhancement in insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels are some of the hypothesized mechanisms for the antidiabetic effect of hydroxychloroquine. Conclusion. The current review provides preliminary evidence for potential antidiabetic properties of hydroxychloroquine. Though the provided available data were promising, further clinical trials and mechanistic studies are needed to determine its long-term effects.

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