scholarly journals Effects of high temperature stress during anthesis and grain filling periods on photosynthesis, lipids and grain yield in wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman ◽  
Sruthi Narayanan ◽  
Eva Erdayani ◽  
P.V. Vara Prasad
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane Damage

Abstract Background : Short episodes of high temperature (HT) stress during reproductive stages of development cause significant yield losses in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Two independent experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of high temperature (HT) during anthesis and grain filling periods on photosynthesis, leaf lipidome, and yield traits in wheat. In experiment I, wheat genotype Seri82 was exposed to optimum temperature (OT; 22/14 °C; day/night) or HT (32/22 °C) for 14 d during anthesis stage. In experiment II, the plants were exposed to OT or HT for 14 d during grain filling stage. During the HT stress, chlorophyll index, thylakoid membrane damage, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and leaf lipid composition were measured. At maturity, grain yield and its components were quantified. Results : HT stress during anthesis or grain filling stage decreased photosynthetic rate (17 and 25%, respectively) and grain yield plant -1 (29 and 44%, respectively), and increased thylakoid membrane damage (61 and 68%, respectively) compared to their respective control (OT). HT stress during anthesis or grain filling stage increased the levels of less unsaturated lipid species [36:5- monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG)]. However, at grain filling stage, HT stress decreased the levels of more unsaturated lipid species (36:6- MGDG and DGDG). There was a significant positive relationship between photosynthetic rate and grain yield plant -1 , and a negative relationship between thylakoid membrane damage and photosynthetic rate. Conclusions : The study suggests that maintaining thylakoid membrane stability, and seed-set percent and individual grain weight under HT stress can improve photosynthetic rate and grain yield, respectively.

scholarly journals Heat Stress Affects Seed Set and Grain Quality of Vietnamese Rice Cultivars during Heading and Grain Filling Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Tran Loc Thuy ◽  
Tran Ngoc Thach ◽  
Tran Thi Thanh Xa ◽  
Chau Thanh Nha ◽  
Vo Thi Tra My ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
High Temperature Environment

Environmental stress trigger a variety of rice plant response, ranging from alters seed set, grain yield and grain quality during flowering and grain filling stage.  Efforts are required to improve our understanding of the impact of heat stress on rice production, which are essential strategies in rice cultivation. This article investigated the seed set, yield components and grain yield of Vietnamese rice cultivars (Indica germplasm) under high temperature environment during the flowering and grain filling stage. Six rice cultivars, including popular cultivars and new cultivars of Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, and one popular extraneous cultivar with differences in maturing time, were grown in pots at high temperature (HT) and natural temperature condition as control (CT). All rice cultivars were subjected to the high temperature starting from the heading stage to the harvest maturity, applied by greenhouse effect. The greenhouse has about 25 cm window opening on 3 sides for air ventilation. The seed set rate of the heat-sensitive rice genotypes decreased significantly under HT, leading to a significant reduction in grain yield. The lowest seed set was recorded in “OM4900” (44.3%) and “OM18” (39.9%) under high temperature environment. The lower yield in all rice cultivars at an elevated temperature resulted in a dramatic decrease of filled grains and contributed to a loss of 1000-grain weight. ‘“OM892” is a potential rice cultivar for heat tolerant breeding program due to the seed set percentage was above 80% in both HT and CT conditions. High temperature during the grain filling stage resulted in a decreased amylose and increased chalkiness for all OM cultivars.

scholarly journals Comparison of photosynthetic activity and heat tolerance between near isogenic lines of wheat with different photosynthetic rates

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0255896
Author(s):  
Chongyang Li ◽  
Mingyang Ma ◽  
Tianpeng Zhang ◽  
Pengwen Feng ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world, but the yield and quality of wheat are highly susceptible to heat stress, especially during the grain-filling stage. Therefore, it is crucial to select high-yield and high-temperature-resistant varieties for food cultivation. There is a positive correlation between the yield and photosynthetic rate of wheat during the entire grain-filling stage, but few studies have shown that lines with high photosynthetic rates can maintain higher thermotolerance at the same time. In this study, two pairs of wheat near isogenic lines (NILs) with different photosynthetic rates were used for all experiments. Our results indicated that under heat stress, lines with a high photosynthetic rate could maintain the activities of photosystem II (PSII) and key Calvin cycle enzymes in addition to their higher photosynthetic rates. The protein levels of D1 and HSP70 were significantly increased in the highly photosynthetic lines, which contributed to maintaining high photosynthetic rates and ensuring the stability of the Calvin cycle under heat stress. Furthermore, we found that lines with a high photosynthetic rate could maintain high antioxidant enzyme activity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce ROS accumulation better than lines with a low photosynthetic rate under high-temperature stress. These findings suggest that lines with high photosynthetic rates can maintain a higher photosynthetic rate despite heat stress and are more thermotolerant than lines with low photosynthetic rates.

Effects of 1, 2, 4 - trichlorobenzene on physiological characteristics during grain filling stage and grain yield of rice of different genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
李玉 LI Yu ◽  
丁焕新 DING Huanxin ◽  
丁秀文 DING Xiuwen ◽  
殷毅凡 YIN Yifan ◽  
孙影 SUN Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Comparison of physiological response to growth stage-based supplemental and conventional irrigation management of wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Adnan Al-ghawry ◽  
Attila Yazar ◽  
Mustafa Unlu ◽  
Celaleddin Barutcular ◽  
Yeşim Bozkurt Çolak
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Conventional Irrigation

Abstract A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different conventional and supplemental irrigation strategies on leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and chlorophyll content (SPAD) yield and irrigation water productivity (IWP) of wheat using sprinkler line source in 2014 and 2015 in the Mediterranean region. The irrigation strategies were, supplemental irrigation (SI) during flowering and grain filling (SIFG), SI during grain filling (SIG), SI during flowering (SIF) and conventional irrigation (CI). These strategies were conducted under four irrigation levels 25, 50, 75, 100% and a rain-fed as control. The results indicated that CI100 and CI75 produced the greater grain yield and IWP, respectively. CI100 resulted in the increased chlorophyll content by 8.8% over rain-fed. The results confirmed that the SPAD and stomatal conductance values were not equally sensitive to water stress during growth stages. The wheat crop suffered a greater SPAD and gs reductions when the water stress occurred during the grain filling stage (SIF strategy) compared to other strategies, which means that the grain filling stage is more sensitive and effective to decrease the yield of winter wheat. The higher grain yields were achieved when the seasonal mean gs reached 207.4 mmol/m2s in CI and 169.2 mmol/m2s in SI, and the stomatal closure responded well to low, moderate and severe drought treatments. The leaf stomatal conductance (gs) was correlated linearly with grain yield. These relations could be used as a physiological indicator to evaluate water stress effect on the growth and productivity of wheat.

scholarly journals The expression of the gene associated with β-glucan content, β-amylase and limit dextrinase synthesis as affected by post-heading heat stress in barley

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjing Ni ◽  
Huifang Zhao ◽  
Guoping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Malt Quality ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Limit Dextrinase ◽  
Malt Barley ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract Background: Malt barley shows a dramatic deterioration of malt quality when exposed to heat or high temperature stress during grain-filling stage (post heading), and global change results in the more frequent occurrence of high temperature, posing a severe threat to high-quality malt barley production. In a previous study, we found heat stress during grain-filling stage caused the significant reduction of kernel weight, and the significant increase of protein and β-glucan content, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase (LD) activities, and the effect varied with barley genotypes and the time of heat stress exposure.Results: In this study, we determined the relative expressions of HvCslF6 and HvCslF9 for β-glucan, HvBmy1 for β-amylase and LD gene for limit dextrinase of two barley cultivars（ZU9 and Hua30）under the two heat stress (HS) treatments (32/26℃, day/night), initiated from the 7th day (early grain-filling stage) and the14th day (middle grain-filling stage) after heading. In comparison with normal temperature (24/18℃, day/night), HS treatments significantly up-regulated the relative expression of all four genes, and Hua30 being larger than ZU9. The change pattern of each examined gene for the two barley genotypes under heat stress treatments is completely consistent with that of corresponding malt quality trait as affected by heat stress.Conclusion: The results indicate that the enhancement of β-glucan content, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase activities under high temperature during grain filling stage is at least in part attributed to increased expression of the relevant genes.

scholarly journals Single Irrigation Enhanced Water Productivity of Rainfed Wheat under Mediterranean Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Abolfazl NASSERI ◽  
Hossein Ali FALLAHI ◽  
Vahid REZAVERDINEJAD
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Optimum Yield ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Rainfed Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Single or double irrigations of wheat are necessary to obtain optimum yield in a humid region with insufficient rainfall for agricultural production. Therefore, the hereby study was conducted with the aim of analysis of water productivity under rainfed and (single or double) irrigated conditions in a Mediterranean environment during 11 cropping years. There were investigated four treatments for irrigation management of wheat viz. rainfed without irrigation (T0), single irrigation at the flowering stage (T1), single irrigation at the grain filling stage (T2) and double irrigation at the flowering and grain filling stages (T3). Results revealed that the highest water productivity and optimum yield were acquired with single irrigation at the grain filling stage. This scheme caused an increase of 20% in grain yield relative to yield from rainfed condition. Rainfall, grain yield and water productivity of rainfed wheat were analyzed over 11 years and averaged 3,614 m3 ha-1, 1,970 kg ha-1 and 0.63 kg m-3, respectively. Results also showed that single or double irrigation had a high compensation effect on yield loss from water stress. Irrigation water productivity (1.31 kg m-3), water productivity (0.68 kg m-3) and irrigation ratio (2.2) indices determined for the 11 years. Water productivity of rainfed wheat by single irrigation at grain filling stage increased as 10% during 11 years.

scholarly journals Blast Resistant Early Maturing Rice ‘Jungmo1024’ with High Temperature Tolerance during Grain Filling Stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Ung Jeung ◽  
Young-Seop Shin ◽  
Im-Soo Choi ◽  
Jae-Ki Chang ◽  
Myeong-Ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Grain Filling Stage
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