Effects of 1, 2, 4 - trichlorobenzene on physiological characteristics during grain filling stage and grain yield of rice of different genotypes

Abstract A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different conventional and supplemental irrigation strategies on leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and chlorophyll content (SPAD) yield and irrigation water productivity (IWP) of wheat using sprinkler line source in 2014 and 2015 in the Mediterranean region. The irrigation strategies were, supplemental irrigation (SI) during flowering and grain filling (SIFG), SI during grain filling (SIG), SI during flowering (SIF) and conventional irrigation (CI). These strategies were conducted under four irrigation levels 25, 50, 75, 100% and a rain-fed as control. The results indicated that CI100 and CI75 produced the greater grain yield and IWP, respectively. CI100 resulted in the increased chlorophyll content by 8.8% over rain-fed. The results confirmed that the SPAD and stomatal conductance values were not equally sensitive to water stress during growth stages. The wheat crop suffered a greater SPAD and gs reductions when the water stress occurred during the grain filling stage (SIF strategy) compared to other strategies, which means that the grain filling stage is more sensitive and effective to decrease the yield of winter wheat. The higher grain yields were achieved when the seasonal mean gs reached 207.4 mmol/m2s in CI and 169.2 mmol/m2s in SI, and the stomatal closure responded well to low, moderate and severe drought treatments. The leaf stomatal conductance (gs) was correlated linearly with grain yield. These relations could be used as a physiological indicator to evaluate water stress effect on the growth and productivity of wheat.

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Single Irrigation Enhanced Water Productivity of Rainfed Wheat under Mediterranean Environment

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb11210398 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 277-282

Author(s):

Abolfazl NASSERI ◽

Hossein Ali FALLAHI ◽

Vahid REZAVERDINEJAD

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Mediterranean Environment ◽

Optimum Yield ◽

Filling Stage ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

Rainfed Wheat ◽

Grain Filling Stage

Single or double irrigations of wheat are necessary to obtain optimum yield in a humid region with insufficient rainfall for agricultural production. Therefore, the hereby study was conducted with the aim of analysis of water productivity under rainfed and (single or double) irrigated conditions in a Mediterranean environment during 11 cropping years. There were investigated four treatments for irrigation management of wheat viz. rainfed without irrigation (T0), single irrigation at the flowering stage (T1), single irrigation at the grain filling stage (T2) and double irrigation at the flowering and grain filling stages (T3). Results revealed that the highest water productivity and optimum yield were acquired with single irrigation at the grain filling stage. This scheme caused an increase of 20% in grain yield relative to yield from rainfed condition. Rainfall, grain yield and water productivity of rainfed wheat were analyzed over 11 years and averaged 3,614 m3 ha-1, 1,970 kg ha-1 and 0.63 kg m-3, respectively. Results also showed that single or double irrigation had a high compensation effect on yield loss from water stress. Irrigation water productivity (1.31 kg m-3), water productivity (0.68 kg m-3) and irrigation ratio (2.2) indices determined for the 11 years. Water productivity of rainfed wheat by single irrigation at grain filling stage increased as 10% during 11 years.

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MILD DROUGHT IN INTERACTION WITH ADDITIONAL NITROGEN DOSE AT GRAIN FILLING STAGE MODULATES 2ACETYL-1-PYRROLINE BIOSYNTHESIS AND GRAIN YIELD IN FRAGRANT RICE

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research ◽

10.15666/aeer/1606_77417758 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 7741-7758 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Q Q DENG ◽

U ASHRAF ◽

S R CHENG ◽

S R SABIR ◽

Z W MO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Fragrant Rice ◽

Filling Stage ◽

Grain Filling Stage ◽

Mild Drought ◽

Additional Nitrogen

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Effect of Nitrogen Scheduling and Cultivars on Yield Attributes and Yields of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.d-4572 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pappu Khatik ◽

J. X. Massey ◽

Shrimohan Meena

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Filling Stage ◽

Grain Filling Stage

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2013 at Udaipur (Rajasthan) to find out the effect of nitrogen scheduling and cultivars on yield attributes, yield and soil fertility status after harvest of sorghum. Treatment consisted two cultivars (V1: CSH 16 and V2: CSV 20) and five nitrogen schedules (N1: 50% at sowing as basal + 50% at 30 DAS, N2: 50% at sowing as basal + 25% at 30 DAS + 25% at boot leaf stage, N3: 25% at sowing as basal + 50% at 30 DAS + 25% at boot leaf stage, N4: 25% at sowing as basal + 50% at 30 DAS + 15% at boot leaf stage + 10% at grain filling stage, N5: 25% at sowing as basal + 45% at 30 DAS + 5% foliar spray at 45 DAS + 15 % at boot leaf stage + 10% at grain filling stage) were assigned in a factorial randomized block design. The results revealed that the cultivar CSH 16 recorded significantly higher number of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield (1521 kg/ha), harvest index (13.17) and nitrogen content in plant, whereas significantly higher number of primaries per panicle, stover yield (11141 kg/ha) and available nitrogen in soil were recorded in CSV 20. Application of nitrogen in N2 schedule (50% at sowing as basal + 25% at 30 DAS + 25% at boot-leaf stage) had marked influence on yield attributes, yield and nitrogen content in plant when compared to rest of the nitrogen schedules. Therefore, it was concluded that significantly higher grain yield was recorded in cultivar CSH 16 and N2 schedule of nitrogen application from sorghum.

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Heat Stress Affects Seed Set and Grain Quality of Vietnamese Rice Cultivars during Heading and Grain Filling Period

Journal of Tropical Crop Science ◽

10.29244/jtcs.8.03.154-160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (03) ◽

pp. 154-160

Author(s):

Tran Loc Thuy ◽

Tran Ngoc Thach ◽

Tran Thi Thanh Xa ◽

Chau Thanh Nha ◽

Vo Thi Tra My ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Seed Set ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Filling Stage ◽

Temperature Environment ◽

Grain Filling Stage ◽

High Temperature Environment

Environmental stress trigger a variety of rice plant response, ranging from alters seed set, grain yield and grain quality during flowering and grain filling stage. Efforts are required to improve our understanding of the impact of heat stress on rice production, which are essential strategies in rice cultivation. This article investigated the seed set, yield components and grain yield of Vietnamese rice cultivars (Indica germplasm) under high temperature environment during the flowering and grain filling stage. Six rice cultivars, including popular cultivars and new cultivars of Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, and one popular extraneous cultivar with differences in maturing time, were grown in pots at high temperature (HT) and natural temperature condition as control (CT). All rice cultivars were subjected to the high temperature starting from the heading stage to the harvest maturity, applied by greenhouse effect. The greenhouse has about 25 cm window opening on 3 sides for air ventilation. The seed set rate of the heat-sensitive rice genotypes decreased significantly under HT, leading to a significant reduction in grain yield. The lowest seed set was recorded in “OM4900” (44.3%) and “OM18” (39.9%) under high temperature environment. The lower yield in all rice cultivars at an elevated temperature resulted in a dramatic decrease of filled grains and contributed to a loss of 1000-grain weight. ‘“OM892” is a potential rice cultivar for heat tolerant breeding program due to the seed set percentage was above 80% in both HT and CT conditions. High temperature during the grain filling stage resulted in a decreased amylose and increased chalkiness for all OM cultivars.

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Effects of high temperature stress during anthesis and grain filling periods on photosynthesis, lipids and grain yield in wheat

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20749/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman ◽

Sruthi Narayanan ◽

Eva Erdayani ◽

P.V. Vara Prasad

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Thylakoid Membrane ◽

Membrane Damage ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Filling Stage ◽

Lipid Species ◽

Grain Filling Stage ◽

Thylakoid Membrane Damage

Abstract Background : Short episodes of high temperature (HT) stress during reproductive stages of development cause significant yield losses in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Two independent experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of high temperature (HT) during anthesis and grain filling periods on photosynthesis, leaf lipidome, and yield traits in wheat. In experiment I, wheat genotype Seri82 was exposed to optimum temperature (OT; 22/14 °C; day/night) or HT (32/22 °C) for 14 d during anthesis stage. In experiment II, the plants were exposed to OT or HT for 14 d during grain filling stage. During the HT stress, chlorophyll index, thylakoid membrane damage, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and leaf lipid composition were measured. At maturity, grain yield and its components were quantified. Results : HT stress during anthesis or grain filling stage decreased photosynthetic rate (17 and 25%, respectively) and grain yield plant -1 (29 and 44%, respectively), and increased thylakoid membrane damage (61 and 68%, respectively) compared to their respective control (OT). HT stress during anthesis or grain filling stage increased the levels of less unsaturated lipid species [36:5- monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG)]. However, at grain filling stage, HT stress decreased the levels of more unsaturated lipid species (36:6- MGDG and DGDG). There was a significant positive relationship between photosynthetic rate and grain yield plant -1 , and a negative relationship between thylakoid membrane damage and photosynthetic rate. Conclusions : The study suggests that maintaining thylakoid membrane stability, and seed-set percent and individual grain weight under HT stress can improve photosynthetic rate and grain yield, respectively.

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Effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on nutrient uptake and grain yield of wheat under different irrigation regimes

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v43i3.38388 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 395-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Sultana ◽

HM Naser ◽

MA Quddus ◽

NC Shill ◽

MA Hossain

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Root Initiation ◽

Crown Root ◽

Filling Stage ◽

Water Stress Condition ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Grain Filling Stage

A field experiment was carried out to study the zinc-iron relationship in wheat (BARI Gom-26) plant grown under water stress condition in the field near net house of Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, during November 2015 to March 2016. The experiment was designed in a split plot on sixteen treatments comprising four irrigation treatments (regular irrigation, stopping irrigation at crown root initiation, stopping irrigation at booting stage and stopping irrigation at grain filling stage) and four foliar application of zinc and iron (control, 0.05% of zinc, 0.05% of iron and 0.05% of zinc +0.05% of iron). Zinc sulphate monohydrate (ZnSO4. H2O) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4. H2O) were used as a source of Zn and Fe. The highest yield (4.01 t ha-1) was recorded in stopping irrigation at grain filling stage which was identical with regular irrigation. Water stress at crown root initiation stage had the most negative effect on growth and yield. Foliar application of zinc and iron played a major role on yield and yield components of wheat at later stages of growth. The results obtained from the present research showed that iron and zinc spray increased grain yield and quality of wheat and improved the effects caused by drought stress.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(3): 395-406, September 2018

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Scheduling of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing during panicle differentiation to improve grain yield of rice with a long growth duration

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-71983-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Xinguang Zhu ◽

Xiaoe He ◽

Chao Li ◽

Tiangen Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Growth Duration ◽

Filling Stage ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Grain Filling Stage ◽

Leaf Extension

Abstract Topdressing at panicle differentiation (PF) according to soil fertility and regularity of rice nutrient absorption is an important agronomic practice used in cultivation of rice cultivars with a long growth duration. We studied the impacts of timing of nitrogen fertilizer application during PF on photosynthesis and yield-related agronomic traits in ‘Y-Liang-You 900’ and ‘Y-Liang-You 6’, which are representative rice cultivars with a long growth duration. Data for two years showed that timing of topdressing application during PF affected panicles per unit area, percentage grain set, spikelets per panicle, and leaf photosynthetic traits during the grain-filling period. Topdressing at the initial stage of flag-leaf extension resulted in higher grain yield (typically by 10.55–19.95%) than in plants without topdressing. Grain yield was significantly correlated with flag leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf SPAD value (r = 0.5640 and r = 0.5589, respectively; p < 0.01) at an advanced grain-filling stage (30 days after heading). Surprisingly, grain yield was not correlated with carbohydrate remobilization from the stem and sheath. For rice cultivars with a long growth duration, nitrogen-fertilizer topdressing must be applied at the initial stage of flag-leaf extension to delay leaf senescence during the grain-filling stage and realize the enhanced yield potential.

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