scholarly journals Low concentration effects and different outcome in repeated reproduction tests with silver nanoparticles, silver nitrate and Folsomia candida (Collembola)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Juliane Filser
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Folsomia Candida ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Concentration Effects

Abstract Background Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) has been studied frequently due to a rise in application in various products. Various studies on AgNP toxicity with terrestrial and aquatic organisms confirmed their negative effects. In our previous experiments, strong variability was observed in the reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) in different repeats. To investigate the effects of silver on the reproduction of Folsomia candida, they were exposed in laboratory controlled conditions to AgNP and silver nitrate (AgNO3) at a concentration of 30 mg/kg dry soil for 28 days and compared to controlled individuals not exposed to silver. The temporal variability of the reproduction using Folsomia candida and its sensitivity to silver was explored by repeating the tests were four times in April, July, October and January through out one year. Results While adult survival was similar in all treatments and seasons, reproduction in the control increased from April to October. Significantly lower reproduction was found in January with only 385-424 juveniles per vessel, compared to 504-633 individuals in other months. Strong toxic effects of both silver treatments were observed in July, April and October. However, AgNP showed no toxic effects on the reproduction of F. candida in January. The relative toxicity of both substances varied between single experiments: AgNP were more toxic than AgNO3 in April and July, and less toxic in October and January. Conclusion These findings indicate that the reproduction of F. candida in the control had a significant effect on the results of the toxicology experiments. Moreover, we demonstrated the reproductive toxicity of AgNP in soil at a much lower concentration than reported thus far. Therefore, to guarantee reliability and reproducibility, we recommend to disregard any test results where the reproduction rate of F. candida in the control is significantly different from the average in the respective laboratory, even if the validity criteria of the test are met.

scholarly journals Low concentration effects and different outcome in repeated reproduction tests with silver nanoparticles, silver nitrate and Folsomia candida (Collembola)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Juliane Filser
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Folsomia Candida ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Reproduction Tests

Abstract Background Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) has been studied frequently due to a rise in application in various products. Various studies on AgNP toxicity with terrestrial and aquatic organisms confirmed their negative effects. In our previous experiments, strong variability was observed in the reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) in different repeats. To investigate the effects of silver on the reproduction of Folsomia candida, they were exposed in laboratory-controlled conditions to AgNP and silver nitrate (AgNO3) at a concentration of 30 mg/kg dry soil for 28 days and compared to controlled individuals not exposed to silver. We repeated reproduction tests on the toxicity of silver to Folsomia candida four times throughout one year (April, July, October and January) in order to explore the temporal variability of their outcome. Results While adult survival was similar in all treatments and seasons, reproduction in the control increased from April to October. Significantly lower reproduction was found in January with only 385–424 juveniles per vessel, compared to 504–633 individuals in other months. Strong toxic effects of both silver treatments were observed in July, April and October. However, AgNP showed no toxic effects on the reproduction of F. candida in January. The relative toxicity of both substances varied between single experiments: AgNP were more toxic than AgNO3 in April and July, and less toxic in October and January. Conclusion These findings indicate that the reproduction of F. candida in the control had a significant effect on the results of the toxicology experiments. Moreover, we demonstrated the reproductive toxicity of AgNP in soil at a much lower concentration than reported thus far. Therefore, to guarantee reliability and reproducibility, we recommend to disregard any test results where the reproduction rate of F. candida in the control is significantly different from the average in the respective laboratory, even if the validity criteria of the test are met.

scholarly journals Seasonal effects on the outcome of reproduction tests with silver nanoparticles, silver nitrate and the Collembola Folsomia candida

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Juliane Filser
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Folsomia Candida ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Reproduction Tests

Abstract Background Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) is increasingly studied due to a rise in application in various products. Various studies on AgNP toxicity with terrestrial and aquatic organisms confirmed their negative effects. In our previous experiments, strong variability was observed in the reproduction of Collembola in different seasons. To investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on the reproduction of Collembola in different seasons, Folsomia candida were exposed to AgNP and silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) at a concentration of 30 mg/kg dry soil for 28 days. The reproduction tests were repeated during different seasons throughout one year in order to assess if animals’ sensitivity varied with the season. Results Significantly lower reproduction was found in the control in winter with only 101 (± 7) juveniles per adult, compared to 126-158 individuals in other seasons. Strong toxic effects (inhibition of reproduction by up to 50%) were observed during summer, spring and autumn in both treatments. However, AgNP showed no toxic effects on the reproduction of F. candida in winter. The relative toxicity of both substances varied with the seasons: AgNP were more toxic than AgNO 3 in spring and summer, and less toxic in autumn and winter. Conclusion These findings indicate that seasonal effects on the reproduction of Folsomia candida are significant. Moreover, we demonstrated the reproductive toxicity of AgNP in soil at a much lower concentration than reported thus far. These effects can mainly be attributed to soil conditions, which raises concern whether these commonly used test substrates are really protective.

Bioaccumulation and toxicity of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate to the soil arthropod Folsomia candida

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1629-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline L. Waalewijn-Kool ◽  
Kim Klein ◽  
Rebeca Mallenco Forniés ◽  
Cornelis A. M. van Gestel
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Folsomia Candida ◽  
Soil Arthropod

scholarly journals Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Tropical Freshwater and Marine Microalgae

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Luu Pham
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Half Maximal Effective Concentration ◽  
Local Species

The increase in synthesis and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the last decade has resulted in contamination of AgNPs in the aquatic environment. The presence of AgNPs in aquatic environments has posed toxic effects to aquatic organisms and ecological damage. In this study, two tropical microalgae species including the freshwater Scenedesmus sp. and the marine diatom Thalassiosira sp. were employed to examine the toxic effects of AgNPs. The toxic effects were determined by analyzing different end points, such as half maximal effective concentration (EC50), algae growth inhibition, algae cell size, chlorophyll-a content, and total lipid accumulation. The results suggested that AgNPs presented different toxicity mechanisms for microalgae and showed to be more toxic in freshwater than in marine environment. The EC50 values of AgNPs after 72 h for the growth inhibition of Scenedesmus sp. and Thalassiosira sp. were 89.92 ± 9.68 and 107.21 ± 7.43 μg/L, respectively. AgNPs at a certain concentration have resulted in change in cell diameter, reduction in chlorophyll-a content, and enhancement of the total lipid production in the tested microalgae. Thus, local species should be involved in the toxic assessment. This research contributes on understanding the toxicity of AgNPs on freshwater and marine environments.

scholarly journals Toxicity, biotransformation and bioaccumulation of silver nanoparticles in laboratory conditions and aquatic ecosystems

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-129
Author(s):  
P. Vered ◽  
V. Bityutsky ◽  
V. Kharchyshyn ◽  
M. Zlochevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Laboratory Practice

Generalized studies of the world scientific literature on the fate and risk assessment of exposure to silver nanoparticles (NPAg) both at the ecosystem level and at the organism level, as well as in the laboratory. It is emphasized that the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles, mechanisms and methods of action of NPAg on the body of aquatic organisms have been sufficiently studied in laboratory practice. However, there are some gaps and discrepancies between the results of laboratory tests and the study of real environmental consequences, and such inconsistencies hinder the development of appropriate effective measures to achieve environmental well-being. To bridge such gaps, this review summarizes how environmental conditions and the physicochemical properties of NPAg influence conflicting conclusions between laboratory and real-world environmental studies. It is emphasized that modern research on the pathways of entry, transformation and bioaccumulation of silver nanoparticles in natural aquatic ecosystems emphasizes the ability of such nanoparticles to penetrate intact physiological barriers, which is extremely dangerous. It is proved that silver nanoparticles have a toxic effect on microorganisms, macrophytes and aquatic organisms. The toxic effects of NPAg cover almost entire aquatic ecosystems. A study by a number of authors on the factors influencing the mobility, bioavailability, toxicity and environmental fate of Ag nanoparticles was analyzed to assess the environmental risk. In addition, this review systematically examines the various toxic effects of silver nanoparticles in the environment and compares these effects with the results obtained in laboratory practice, which is useful for assessing the environmental effects of such compounds. The dangerous chronic effects of low-concentration NPAg (μg/l) on natural aquatic ecosystems over a long period of time (months to several years) have been described in detail. In addition, the prospects for future studies of NPAg toxicity in natural freshwater environments are emphasized. Key words: nanoparticles of the medium (NPAg), ecosystem, laboratory wash, toxicity, aquatic organisms, ecological factors.

scholarly journals Investigation of the cytotoxicity of silver nitrate and silver-cysteine nanocomplexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012108
Author(s):  
An A Bogdanov ◽  
S V Shmakov ◽  
N A Verlov ◽  
V V Klimenko ◽  
N A Knyazev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Nitrate Ions

Abstract Currently, a large number of studies are devoted to the investigation of the antitumor activity of silver nanoparticles and compounds, one of which is silver nitrate. However, silver nitrate has systemic and local toxic effects. In this work, a method was proposed for the synthesis of non-metallic complexes that do not contain toxic nitrate ions, and the cytotoxicity of silver nitrate and silver-amino acid nanocomplexes was investigated.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoplates by a Seed-mediated Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Ngọc Tuan Anh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Silver Nanoplates ◽  
Seed Mediated

Silver nanoplates (SNPs) having different size were synthesized by a seed-mediated method. The seeds -silver nanoparticles with 4 – 6 nm diameters were synthesized first by reducing silver nitrate with sodium borohydride in the present of Trisodium Citrate and Hydrogen peroxide. Then these seeds were developed by continue reducing Ag\(^+\) ions with various amount of L-Ascorbic acid to form SNPs. Our analysis showed that the concentratrion of L-Ascorbic acid, a secondary reducing agent, played an important role to form SNPs. In addition, the size and in-plane dipole plasmon resonance wavelenght of silver nanoplates were increased when the concentration of added silver nitrate increased. The characterization of SNPs were studied by UV-Vis, FE-SEM, EDS and TEM methods.

scholarly journals Modulation of Innate Immune Toxicity by Silver Nanoparticle Exposure and the Preventive Effects of Pterostilbene

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2536
Author(s):  
Rong-Jane Chen ◽  
Chiao-Ching Huang ◽  
Rosita Pranata ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Lee ◽  
Yu-Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Transgenic Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
And Function ◽  
Immune Toxicity

Silver nanoparticles pose a potential risk to ecosystems and living organisms due to their widespread use in various fields and subsequent gradual release into the environment. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) toxicity on immunological functions. Furthermore, these toxic effects have not been fully explored. Recent studies have indicated that zebrafish are considered a good alternative model for testing toxicity and for evaluating immunological toxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity effects of AgNPs on innate immunity using a zebrafish model and to investigate whether the natural compound pterostilbene (PTE) could provide protection against AgNPs-induced immunotoxicity. Wild type and neutrophil- and macrophage-transgenic zebrafish lines were used in the experiments. The results indicated that the exposure to AgNPs induced toxic effects including death, malformation and the innate immune toxicity of zebrafish. In addition, AgNPs affect the number and function of neutrophils and macrophages. The expression of immune-related cytokines and chemokines was also affected. Notably, the addition of PTE could activate immune cells and promote their accumulation in injured areas in zebrafish, thereby reducing the damage caused by AgNPs. In conclusion, AgNPs may induce innate immune toxicity and PTE could ameliorate this toxicity.

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