An Investigation Into The Livelihoods Strategies Of Informal Women Traders In Zimbabwe

Sustainable Livelihoods ◽

Central Business District ◽

Development Cooperation ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Doing Business ◽

Flea Markets ◽

Flea Market ◽

The Impact ◽

Gain Access

Abstract This article investigated the livelihoods strategies of informal women traders doing business at flea markets in Zimbabwe. The study was conducted in Harare Province at a flea market near the Harare Central Business District. The study was informed by the Sustainable Livelihood Approach proffered by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Division (SIDA, 2001) for Policy and Socio-Economic Analysis. A qualitative design was utilised and data was gathered through interviews, focus group discussions and observations during transect walks. The specific objectives of the study included the following; to discover micro credit schemes used by the informal women traders doing business at this particular flea market, to explore the impact of microcredit schemes as pathways towards poverty eradication amongst informal women traders; to examine the survival and coping challenges experienced by women doing business under socio-economic environment hardships and finally, to determine possible interventions and sustainable strategies that could be used to out-scale and throw a lifeline to the informal women traders. The study revealed that while women informal traders engaged in diverse activities for their sustainable livelihoods strategies that eradicate poverty, vast majority of informal women traders encountered numerous challenges, resulting in them employing unpleasant survival and tough coping techniques. The study concluded that if financing institutions and Non Governmental Organizations could give them small funds for capacity building for local empowerment; this would help them to gain access and control of their sustainable livelihoods resources in a meaningful way. The study is therefore proposing sound policy interventions and sustainable strategies that could be used to empower informal women traders doing business at flea markets for them to gain access and full control over livelihoods resources in Zimbabwe.

An Investigation Into the Livelihoods Strategies of Informal Women Traders in Zimbabwe

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22701/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stella Takaza ◽

Chipo Chitereka

Keyword(s):

Development Cooperation ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Qualitative Research Design ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽

Policy Interventions ◽

Doing Business ◽

Sustainable Livelihood Approach ◽

Flea Markets ◽

And Control

Abstract This article investigated the livelihoods strategies used by various informal women traders doing business in the Hare Business Districts of the Harare Province. The study was informed by the Sustainable Livelihood Approach proffered by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Division (SIDA, 2001) for Policy and Socio-Economic Analysis. A quantitative and qualitative research design was utilized and data was gathered through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and direct observations during transect walks. The objectives of the study was to; identify micro-credit schemes used by the informal women traders doing business at flea markets, explore the livelihoods of microcredit schemes as pathways towards poverty eradication and finally determine possible interventions and sustainable strategies that could be used for the informal women traders. The study revealed that women informal traders engaged in diverse activities for sustainable livelihoods strategies that eradicate poverty. Numerous informal women traders face staid livelihoods challenges, resulting in them living in dire poverty. The study calls on Government and financing institutions to finance them for local empowerment as well as gain access and control of available livelihoods resources in a meaningful way. Thus comprehensive policy interventions and sustainable strategies would enable informal women traders doing business at flea markets to eradicate poverty in Zimbabwe.

Migration and Development Organizations: The Diversification of Civil Society in Spain

Two Homelands ◽

10.3986/dd.2020.1.07 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joan Lacomba ◽

Mourad Aboussi

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

Social Services ◽

Third Sector ◽

Civil Society Organizations ◽

Development Cooperation ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Migration And Development ◽

The Way

The conjunction between the last few decades’ public policy changes and the impact of the growth of immigration in Spain has had a transformative effect on the third sector. The government trend toward outsourcing the management of international development cooperation programs and social services has shifted much of the state’s responsibility onto the shoulders of civil society organizations. The context has subjected them to tensions and changes in the way they take action and the way they are organized. This article, based on two research projects, explores the adaptations and new forms of relationships among the main actors involved in the field of migration and development.

SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS ASSOCIATED WITH TOURISM IN THE CAM MOUNTAIN TOURIST AREA AN GIANG PROVINCE, VIETNAM

European Journal of Social Sciences Studies ◽

10.46827/ejsss.v6i4.1093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

To Minh Chau

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Sustainable Livelihoods ◽

Local People ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Socio Economic Development ◽

Environmental Development ◽

Sustainable Livelihood Framework ◽

The Uk

Learning about socio-economic development in Vietnam recently, the issue of livelihoods and sustainable livelihoods has become a research target with many different approaches. Based on the theory of sustainable livelihood framework put forward by the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the article outlines the sources of livelihood capital of local people. With the method of sociological investigation, statistics and data analysis, the article has presented the types of sustainable livelihoods associated with tourism in the Cam Mountain tourist area, An Giang province. This study also wants to replicate the types of sustainable livelihoods associated with tourism in terms of scale and quality to contribute to the economic, social, and environmental development of the locality. Article visualizations:<img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0820/a.php" alt="Hit counter" />

Cotton production for the sustainable livelihoods in Punjab Pakistan: a case study of district Muzaffargarh

International Journal of Ethics and Systems ◽

10.1108/ijoes-06-2021-0115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Tahira Sadaf ◽

Rakhshanda Kousar ◽

Zia Mohy Ul Din Mohy Ul Din ◽

Qaisar Abbas ◽

Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Livelihoods ◽

Rural Livelihoods ◽

Financial Assets ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Content Type ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Livelihood Assets ◽

Physical Assets

Purpose This study aims to analyze access of cotton growers to Sustainable Livelihoods Assets Pakistani Punjab. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the department for international development (DFID’s) sustainable livelihoods framework (DFID) (1999). Where data collection was done by using a well-structured questionnaire from 200 randomly selected cotton growers of the district Muzaffargarh. There are five livelihood assets (human assets, natural assets, financial assets, physical assets and social assets) in the SLF, this study has used three different indicators/proxies for each asset except natural assets, where four indicators were used to capture the salient features of the respondents’ access to that assets. Each indicator was given a weight by using the entropy technique to keep the consistency of the quantification. Livelihood assets indices were calculated in case of each livelihood asset for conducting Livelihood Assets Pentagon Analysis. Value of livelihood index ranged from 0–4. Findings Livelihoods Assets Pentagon analysis shows that cotton growers do not have proper access to all five livelihood assets. The asset with the highest capacity were social assets (sustainable livelihood index value = 0.3994), followed by natural assets (0.3294), financial assets (0.2511), human assets (0.2143) and physical assets (0.0897). Originality/value This study uses the SLF developed by DFID for analyzing factors affecting access to livelihoods assets of cotton growers in Pakistani Punjab. Sustainable agriculture and sustainable rural livelihoods lead to sustainable livelihoods where environment quality is taken into consideration. The study contains significant and new information.

Donor Support for the Human Rights of LGBT+

10.19088/k4d.2021.100 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Bolton

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

World Bank ◽

Global Scale ◽

Development Cooperation ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Lgbt Rights ◽

Donor Support ◽

Lgbt People ◽

This rapid review synthesises evidence on the bilateral and multilateral donors promoting and protecting the human rights of LGBT+ people on a global scale. It focusses on those donors that have policies, implementation plans and programmes on LGBT+ rights. This review also examines the evidence on the impact of their work. The bilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, +) communities in 2017-18 are the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), UK Department for International Development (DFID), The Netherlands Development Cooperation, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), and the European Commission (EC). Whilst the multilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ are the UN and World Bank. The United Nations (UN) is doing a huge amount of work on LGBT+ rights across the organisation which there was not scope to fully explore in this report. The UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (UNOCHR) in particular is doing a lot on this theme. They publish legal obligation information, call attention to rights abuses through general assembly resolutions. The dialogue with governments, monitor violations and support human rights treaties bodies. The work of the World Bank in this area focuses on inclusion rather than rights. A small number of projects were identified which receive funding from bilateral and multilateral donors. These were AMSHeR, International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA), and Stonewall. This rapid review focused on identifying donor support for LGBT+ rights, therefore, searches were limited to general databases and donor websites, utilising non-academic and donor literature. Much of the information comes directly from websites and these are footnoted throughout the report. Little was identified in the way of impact evaluation within the scope of this report. The majority of projects found through searches were non-governmental and so not the focus of this report.

Collaborative Knowledge Creation in Development Networks: Lessons Learned from a Transnational Programme

The Journal of Community Informatics ◽

10.15353/joci.v9i3.3159 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Fabio Nascimbeni

Keyword(s):

International Development Cooperation

Knowledge Production ◽

Knowledge Exchange ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Development Cooperation ◽

Collaborative Knowledge Building ◽

The Impact ◽

Collaborative Knowledge ◽

The paper is presenting some considerations on how knowledge is collaboratively created and documented in social networks within International Development Cooperation (IDC) settings, and on the importance of collaborative knowledge production and exploitation within these networks. We argue that knowledge exchange and creation is one of the main added values of networking activities of IDC in the network society, and we advocate for networking to be considered a fundamental component of IDC interventions. A specific case study is presented, showing the impact of collaborative knowledge building on a Europe-Latin America cooperation programme of the European Commission.

Combatting fraud and corruption in international development

Journal of Financial Crime ◽

10.1108/jfc-10-2014-0045 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 228-241

Author(s):

John Coogan ◽

Elizabeth Lin Forder ◽

Jelena Madir ◽

Norbert Seiler ◽

Clare Wee

Keyword(s):

Content Type ◽

National Legislation ◽

Criminal Convictions ◽

Enforcement Action ◽

Doing Business ◽

Policies And Procedures ◽

Set Up ◽

The Impact ◽

A Company

Purpose – This paper aims to analyse sanctions regimes of multilateral development banks and to examine some of the topical issues surrounding sanctioning practices of these institutions. Under the Agreement for Mutual Enforcement of Debarment Decisions (the “Mutual Enforcement Agreement”), sanctions covering the sanctionable practices that are imposed and made publicly available by any participating MDB may be enforced by other participating MDBs. This dramatically amplifies the impact of debarment decisions taken by any one of the participating MDBs, while affirming the MDBs’ commitment to combating the sanctionable practices. Consequently, companies will need to invigorate their procedures with a view to managing their risks not only in relation to national legislation, but also in relation to the MDBs’ sanctioning frameworks, which have much broader geographic scope than that of national legislation. This paper first provides an overview of the tenets established by the Mutual Enforcement Agreement. Further, as all MDBs maintain their own sanctions mechanisms, the paper analyses individual sanctions regimes of the WBG, EBRD and ADB. The paper then describes the types of sanctions that may be imposed by MDBs and examines some of the challenging issues surrounding the banks’ sanctions practices. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on the experience of senior lawyers who were intimately involved in the set-up of the sanctions regimes at the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation, the EBRD and the ADB and are currently involved in the work of sanctions boards at their respective institutions. Findings – Companies and individuals dealing with MDBs should be aware of the fact that, as a result of the Mutual Enforcement Agreement, the profile of MDBs’ fraud and corruption cases has been raised significantly and could result in global sanctions for prohibited practices in a single country. Consequently, a company engaging in a prohibited practice in its business dealings with one MDB might find itself unable to obtain financing from the four other MDBs participating in the Mutual Enforcement Agreement, and furthermore its debarment would be published by all five participating MDBs (subject to the above-described limitations of ADB’s publication regime). As MDBs continue to develop their sanctions regimes, greater harmonisation among sanctions processes is to be expected and companies doing business with MDBs should, at the very minimum, ensure that their compliance and ethics programmes are up to date, both as a preventative measure or, if wrongful actions have already taken place, as a means of mitigating the severity of possible sanctions. Originality/value – A lot has been written about the consequences of criminal convictions for bribery and other corrupt practices. However, much less attention has been paid to the evolution of anti-corruption policies and procedures which have been developed by a group of leading MDBs. In fact, for many corporates, sanctions regimes of MDBs remain unchartered territory, even though these sanctions proceedings can have far-reaching business consequences. This paper will, therefore, be of interest to all companies directly or indirectly involved with MDB-financed projects, as they need to be alert to the scope of MDB sanctions proceedings and the wide-ranging adverse business consequences that may result from any enforcement action.

Community forestry and livelihood linkages: A case of Kamalamai community forest, Dolakha, Nepal

Nepal Journal of Environmental Science ◽

10.3126/njes.v4i0.22722 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 31-37

Author(s):

Saroj Adhikari ◽

Man Kumar Dhamala

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Forest Products ◽

Physical Capital ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Community Forest ◽

Scoring Method ◽

As a result of institutional failure of the nationalization of forest in 1957 A.D., a newer concept of participatory forest management was introduced in Nepal and local people got their space created in forest management during 1970s with a view to mitigating forest cover loss. Under this scheme Kamalmai Community Forest (129.59 hectares) located in Laduk VDC of Dolakha District was handed over to the community in 2000 A.D. The present study was conducted during February, 2014 to assess the status of forest management strategies and impact on livelihood of forest dependent people. Management aspect of the forest was assessed based on field observation, Key Informant Interview and Focus Group Discussion, whereas judgmental scoring method was used to assess the impact on livelihood; the questionnaire for which was prepared on the basis of Sustainable Livelihood Framework Guidance Sheet developed by Department for International Development (DFID), 1999. All the forest management practices including control of composition and structure of growing stock, and harvesting and distribution of forest products were strictly implemented. The total average scores for human, physical, social, financial and natural capitals, which were used to assess the livelihood, were found to be 2.5862, 1.4310, 2.5689, 0.2068 and 2.6896 respectively. The result illustrated that the forest under study had contributed to enhance the condition of human, social and natural capitals. The contribution was noticeable in terms of physical capital, but financial capital was not found satisfactory. Since the handover, there has been a notable change in greenery and landscape as well as on livelihood of forest dependent people.

Bibliometric Analysis of Trends in Global Sustainable Livelihood Research

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11041150 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1150 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chenjia Zhang ◽

Yiping Fang ◽

Xiujuan Chen ◽

Tian Congshan

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Bibliometric Analysis ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Citation Index ◽

Sustainable Livelihoods ◽

Theoretical Research ◽

Major Influence ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

The Usa ◽

The concept of sustainable livelihoods (SL) is one of the most important subjects of sustainable development, and is an important long-term goal for poverty alleviation. There has been growing interest in the nature and practical application of SL in recent decades. This paper applies bibliometric analysis to collect and analyze data on sustainable livelihoods from the expanded Science Citation index (SCIE) and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Bibliometric maps can assist greatly in visualizing and summarizing large volumes of data and in studying scientific outputs. The findings offer insights into research trends pertaining to SL, such as these: (1) In recent decades there has been an increase in both the number of papers on SL and their scientific influence. (2) The most active journals are Sustainability, Ecology and Society, Land Use Policy, and International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. (3) SL papers are distributed mainly in the fields of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Ecology, Planning & Development, and Green & Sustainable Science & Technology. (4) The USA and UK are leaders in SL research as measured by both the quantity and quality of SL publications. Some developing countries, notably India and China, have seen an increase in SL publications in recent years. (5) Wageningen University in Netherlands, the Chinese Academy of Science, and the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), headquartered in Indonesia, have had a major influence in the field of international SL research. (6) International cooperation has a positive effect on the growth of SL research, suggesting that there is a need for strengthening cooperation among countries, international institutions, and individuals. (7) Major areas of SL research (“hot topics”) are theoretical research on the SL concept; ecosystem conservation; poverty reduction in the poverty-stricken areas; the impact of climate change on livelihoods; and linkages between SL-related policies and institutional change.

Impact of Improved Chickpea Cultivation on Profitability and Livelihood of Farmers in Drought-Prone Areas of Bangladesh

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v18i1.48387 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 129-142

Author(s):

SC Sharna ◽

M Kamruzzaman ◽

ST Siddique

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Different Types ◽

The Difference ◽

Benefit Cost ◽

The cultivation of improved chickpea varieties has been increasing over time that kicks off the local varieties from the farmer’s field. Up-to-date socio-economic information regarding this issue is scanty in Bangladesh. That is why we analyze the profitability of improved chickpea variety and assess the impact of its cultivation on the livelihood of chickpea farmers in the high Barind region of Bangladesh. The values of benefit-cost ratio depict that the improved variety is more profitable in comparison to local chickpea variety; specifically, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of improved chickpea production is 1.87, while it is only 1.66 for local chickpea. To understand the wellbeing of chickpea farmers, the multidimensional livelihood index (MLI) following sustainable livelihood framework of the Department for International Development (DFID) is used, which constitutes the asset pentagon of five capitals namely human, physical, natural, financial and social capital. The MLI of improved and local chickpea growers are 0.51 and 0.39 respectively which belong in the middle livelihood category. Meanwhile, the MLI reflects that the improved variety cultivars are in a better livelihood condition than the local variety growers. Among all the five capitals of the MLI, the difference between these two groups is the largest in the case of social capital followed by financial capital. Since both groups have achieved far less MLI values than 1, the recommendation is therefore to ensure different types of facilities for the development of people of high Barind tract as well as increasing the production of improved chickpea. SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 129-142 (2020)