scholarly journals Dietary Diversity Among Indian Adolescents: Evidence From UDAYA Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Bansal ◽  
Pooja Arora ◽  
Radhika Sharma ◽  
Archa Misra
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Adolescence is a period transition from childhood to adulthood , in which they undergo various rapid changes from physical appearances to changes in the food habits. During this period, childbearing age starts, particularly for women, which is one of the most precarious time wherein optimum nutritional status need to be achieved. So, Eating healthy during adolescence is important as rapid physical growth increases the need of several nutrients.Methods: In our study, we have used the UDAYA longitudinal study design which provides a unique opportunity to determine the role of dietary pattern at one time point to the changes at the time 2. For analysis, cross-tabulation and chi-square test is used to test independence of various groups. Binary logistic regression is used to identify determinants of minimum dietary diversity (Yes=1, No=0) of the adolescents. Adjusted odds ratio are computed for Uttar Pradesh and Bihar separately, as well as for combined sample.Results: In the present study, the average adherence to the dietary pattern in our adolescents was 58%, while in Bihar it was 61% , and in UP it was 56%. Using the logistic regression analysis, we found that there was significant difference in the MDD of adolescents by their socio-economic characteristics. But no differentials were found among young and old adolescents in UP and Bihar. Also, food consumption score index (A.O.R.=2.6, 95% CI (2.1-3.1), and media exposure of adolescents at wave1 (A.O.R.=2.1, 95% CI (1.7-2.7) were found significant in depicting the MDD at wave2. Conclusions: India launched ICDS scheme in 1975s to strengthen the nutritional status of young children in the country, but the recent data of NFHS-5 (2019-20), shows that the nutritional status of the country improved only marginally, or rather decreased in some parts. Strengthening and proper evaluation of ICDS programme can help to improve the pro-nutrition among the adolescents. Also, there should be a specific state policy to address the needs of adolescents, and various educational programmes should be conducted in schools where students along with their parents should be educated about the need of healthy dietary habits.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity among Indian adolescents and young adults: Evidence from UDAYA study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Bansal ◽  
Pooja Arora ◽  
Radhika Sharma ◽  
Archa Misra
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Adolescence is a period transition from childhood to adulthood , in which they undergo various rapid changes from physical appearances to changes in the food habits. During this period, childbearing age starts, particularly for women, which is one of the most precarious time wherein optimum nutritional status need to be achieved. So, Eating healthy during adolescence is important as rapid physical growth increases the need of several nutrients.Methods: In our study, we have used the UDAYA longitudinal study design which provides a unique opportunity to determine the role of dietary pattern at one time point to the changes at the time 2. For analysis, cross-tabulation and chi-square test is used to test independence of various groups. Binary logistic regression is used to identify determinants of minimum dietary diversity (Yes=1, No=0) of the adolescents. Adjusted odds ratio are computed for Uttar Pradesh and Bihar separately, as well as for combined sample.Results: In the present study, the average adherence to the dietary pattern in our adolescents was 58%, while in Bihar it was 61% , and in UP it was 56%. Using the logistic regression analysis, we found that there was significant difference in the MDD of adolescents by their socio-economic characteristics. But no differentials were found among young and old adolescents in UP and Bihar. Also, food consumption score index (A.O.R.=2.6, 95% CI (2.1-3.1), and media exposure of adolescents at wave1 (A.O.R.=2.1, 95% CI (1.7-2.7) were found significant in depicting the MDD at wave2. Conclusions: India launched ICDS scheme in 1975s to strengthen the nutritional status of young children in the country, but the recent data of NFHS-5 (2019-20), shows that the nutritional status of the country improved only marginally, or rather decreased in some parts. Strengthening and proper evaluation of ICDS programme can help to improve the pro-nutrition among the adolescents. Also, there should be a specific state policy to address the needs of adolescents, and various educational programmes should be conducted in schools where students along with their parents should be educated about the need of healthy dietary habits.

scholarly journals A comparative study of health, nutritional status, and dietary pattern of primary school going and dropout slum children in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Sharmina Yeasmin ◽  
Khaleda Islam
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Health affects not only current well being and future outcomes at individual and society level but also directly reflect the efficiency of health care system and the influence of surrounding environment. This is especially nutritional status of primary school age children which influence their health, dietary habit, cognition and educational achievement.Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find and compare primary school going and dropout slum children (6-12 years) regarding their health, nutritional status and dietary pattern in four selected slums in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 100 children. Nutritional status was measured by collecting anthropometric data (height and weight) using standard techniques and analyzed according to WHO guidelinesResult: Based on WHO standard mean of Body Mass Index (BMI), the prevalence of underweight was higher among school dropout group (76%) than school going group (54%). A statistically significant difference between two groups were found regarding prevalence of stunting (P-value=0.03) and their daily dietary habits, such as, pulses (P-value=0.007), rice, fruits, milk, and meat (P-value=0.00) and fish (P-value=0.002). This study also found that parent’s education, family size, mother’s occupation, and economic status of family have an important impact on children’s education and their nutritional status.Conclusion: Low education levels are linked to poor health and low quality dietary pattern. Lower socioeconomic condition and poor knowledge of parent’s about child education and nutritional diet makes this situation more worse.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 59-63

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Determinants of Dietary Diversity among Rural Households in Jaunpur District of Uttar Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Gudakesh ◽  
Deepanjali Vishwakarma
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Diversity Pattern

Inadequate nutritional consumption is one of the decisive factors for weak immunity, a higher probability of various diseases and infections, weak mental and physical growth, and less working capability. The present study was conducted to assess the dietary diversity pattern and its correlates in a rural setting of Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted during August-November 2017, among 316 households. Women from these households were interviewed to know the variety of foods consumed in the past 24 hours. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression analysis have been used to meet the objective of the study. Results portray that, about 14 percent of the households were in the category of low dietary diversity, and 58 percent were under medium dietary diversity. A higher proportion of SCs and poor households were more prone to have low dietary diversity. Landless households or less than one bigha of agricultural land and household without livestock or less number of livestock were more prone to low dietary diversity. Results of ordered logistic regression analysis confirm that caste, working status of heads, family type, socioeconomic status of the household, agricultural land, and livestock showed a significant association with the dietary diversity pattern of households. There is a necessity for the informed rural population on the importance of a diverse diet to improve nutrient consumption and to achieve food and nutrition security. National or regional level surveys will be helpful to understand the food related challenges in India.

scholarly journals Food consumption and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): a case of Thika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nafula Kuria
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the food consumption, dietary habits and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and adults whose HIV status is not established.DesignCross-sectional descriptive survey.SettingThika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya.SubjectsA random sample of 439 adults; 174 adults living with HIV/AIDS and 265 adults whose HIV/AIDS status was not established in Thika and Bungoma Districts.ResultsMajority of PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to build up the immune system and help maintain adequate weight, and there is little variety in the foods they consume. More adults who are HIV-positive are undernourished than those whose status is not established. Of the HIV-positive adults, those with a BMI of ≤18·5 kg/m2 were 23·6 % (Thika 20·0 % and Bungoma 25·7 %) while of the adults whose status is not established those with BMI ≤ 18·5 kg/m2 were 13·9 % (Thika 9·3 % and Bungoma 16·7 %).ConclusionsAdults who are HIV-positive are more likely to be undernourished than those whose status is not established, as there is a significant difference (P = 0·000) between the nutritional status (BMI) of PLWHA and those whose HIV/AIDS status is not established. PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to promote their nutritional well-being and health.

scholarly journals Physical Growth and Echocardiographic Findings in Children with Down Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Sudigdo Sastroasmoro ◽  
Mathilda Y. Lnkiriwang ◽  
Bambang Madiyono ◽  
Lsmet N Oesman
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Echocardiographic Findings

We compared the physical growth, nutritional status, and echocardiographic findings in children aged 3-7 years with Down syndrome who had no congenital heart disease. Thirty such patients who consecutively referred to the Division of Cardiology, Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, were compared with sex and age matched controls consisted of normal children attending the Department. It appears that growth and nutritional status of children with Down syndrome tended to be retarded when compared to those of the controls. However, no significant difference were found on the M-mode echocardiographic values of the left ventricle, except that the left ventricular posterior wall thickness in study subjects was more that that of the controls. We concluded that although the pulmonary architecture of patients with Down syndrome is thought to be less developed than that of normal children, it does not affect the left ventricular measurements and function as measured by M-mode echocardiography.

Clinical Factors Associated with the Diagnosis of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Eren ◽  
Toygar Kalkan ◽  
Seçil Arslanoğlu ◽  
Mustafa Özmen ◽  
Kazım Önal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Objective To determine the predictive value of nasal endoscopic findings and symptoms in the diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Study Design A cross-sectional study. Setting A tertiary university hospital. Subjects and Methods A total of 116 adults were enrolled in the study: 19 patients with GPA, 29 patients with other rheumatic diseases, and 68 healthy volunteers. All patients were examined with a flexible endoscope, and nasal endoscopic images were recorded and evaluated blindly. The medical history of each patient was taken by a physician blinded to the patient’s diagnosis. Results Univariate analysis indicated a statistically significant difference in rhinorrhea ( P = .002), postnasal drip ( P = .015), epistaxis ( P < .001), and saddle nose ( P = .017). However, binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only history of epistaxis ( P = .012; odds ratio, 5.6) was statistically significant in predicting GPA. Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant difference in nasal secretion ( P = .028), nasal septal perforation ( P < .017), nasal crusting ( P < .001), nasal adhesion ( P < .001), nasal granuloma ( P = .017), and hemorrhagic fragile nasal mucosa ( P < .001). A binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only hemorrhagic fragile nasal mucosa ( P < .001; odds ratio, 52.9) was a statistically significant predictor of GPA. Conclusions Given the results of this study, we believe that hemorrhagic fragile nasal mucosa and history of recurrent epistaxis may put patients at risk for GPA and should be investigated accordingly.

Hypothyroidism among females and differences in their dietary patterns and urinary iodine concentrations compared to normal subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Budhalakoti ◽  
Kalpana Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Significant Difference

Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine disorders in India. Hypothyroidism is a very common condition. The condition is more common in women than in men, and its incidence increases with age. For the present study 150 females of 21 to 50 years of age were selected via random sampling from Pantnagar area of Udham Singh Nagar District, Uttarakhand and were interviewed using a predesigned proforma. The subjects mainly belonged to middle and upper income groups. Among 150 subjects, 30 were found to be suffering from hypothyroidism of which six were the newly diagnosed cases who had not started medications. Subjects were assessed for their dietary intakes and differences in the food habits based on food avoidance, food preferences, dietary habits and dietary diversity scores. Based on the analysis of the dietary intakes of normal (n=120) and hypothyroid (n=30) subjects not much difference was found, as was also evident from the dietary diversity scores (where non-significant difference was observed) except for in case of some dietary habits which showed significant differences. The mean dietary diversity scores of hypothyroid and normal subjects were 5.8±0.88 and 6.0±0.90 respectively. Urine samples were also collected for the measurement of urinary iodine concentration of only 30 subjects which included six of the newly detected hypothyroid cases not on medication and the remaining 24 normal subjects. Only 2 hypothyroid subjects and 3 normal subjects were found to be suffering from mild iodine deficiency with values of urinary iodine ranging from 76.5 to 94.6µg/l. Median urine iodine excretion in the present study was 172 µg/l (mean 186.5±58.4 µg/l) indicating iodine sufficiency.

scholarly journals Application of Connectionist Approach in Classification of Nutritional Status Among Arsenic Affected people in Rural Areas in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
A Rahman ◽  
M Akter ◽  
AK Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Connectionist Approach

Various methods can be applied to build predictive models for the clinical data with binary outcome variables. This research aims to explore and compare the process of constructing common predictive models. Models based on an artificial neural network (the connectionist approach) and binary logistic regressions were compared in their ability to classifying malnourished subjects and those with over-weighted participants in rural areas of Bangladesh. Subjects were classified according to the indicator of nutritional status measured by body mass index (BMI). This study also investigated the effects of different factors on the BMI level of a sample population of 460 adults of six villages in Bangladesh. Demographic, enthropometric and clinical data were collected based on a total of 460 participants aged over 30 years from six villages in Bangladesh that were identified as mainly dependent on wells contaminated with arsenic. Out of 460(140 male and 320 females) participants 186(40.44%) were identified as malnourished (BMI<18.5 gm), and the remainder 274(59.56%) were found as over-weighted (BMI>18.5 gm). Among other factors, arsenic exposures were found as significant risk factors for low body mass index (BMI) with a higher value of odds ratio. This study shows that, binary logistic regression correctly classified 72.85% of cases with malnourished in the training datasets, 76.08% in the testing datasets and 75.26% of all subjects. The sensitivities of the neural network architecture for the training and testing datasets and for all subjects were 84.28%, 84.78% and 81.72% respectively, indicate better performance than binary logistic regression model. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i2.21128 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 2: July 2014, Pages 23-29

scholarly journals Determinants of Developing Symptomatic Disease in Ethiopian COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tigist Workneh Leulseged ◽  
Degu G. Alemahu ◽  
Ishmael S. Hassen ◽  
Endalkachew H. Maru ◽  
Wuletaw C. Zewde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Studies show that having some symptoms seems to be associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis. Therefore, knowing who is more susceptible to symptomatic COVID-19 disease is important to provide targeted preventive and management practice. The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of having symptomatic disease among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.Methods: A case-control study was conducted from August to September 2020 among a randomly selected 765 COVID-19 patients (372 Asymptomatic and 393 Symptomatic patients). Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to detect the presence of a statistically significant difference in the characteristics of the cases (symptomatic) and controls (asymptomatic), where p-value of <0.05 considered as having a statistically significant difference. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess a statistically significant association between the independent variables and developing symptomatic COVID-19 where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR, and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results. Results: The result of the multivariable binary logistic regression shows that age group (AOR= 1.818, 95% CI= 1.210, 2.731, p-value=0.004 for 30-39 years; AOR= 1.611, 95% CI= 1.016, 2.554, p-value=0.043 for 40-49 years and AOR= 4.076, 95% CI= 2.582, 6.435, p-value=0.0001 for years and above), sex (AOR= 1.672, 95% CI= 1.216, 2.299, p-value=0.002) and history of diabetes mellitus (AOR= 2.406, 95% CI= 1.384, 4.181, p-value=0.002) were found to be significant factors that determine the development of symptomatic disease in COVID-19 patients.Conclusions: Developing a symptomatic COVID-19 disease was found to be determined by exposures of old age, male sex, and being diabetic. Therefore, patients with the above factors should be given enough attention in the prevention and management process, including inpatient management, to pick symptoms earlier and to manage accordingly so that these patients can have a favorable treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Determinants of Dietary Diversity Consumption and Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women Attending Armed Forces Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
Haile Abebe ◽  
◽  
Teshome Alemteshay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Moderate Anemia

The nutritional status of a woman during pregnancy is important as a suboptimal diet impacts negatively on the health of the mother, the fetus and the newborn. There is limited knowledge in the area of malnutrition and factors’ affecting it among pregnant women despite evidence showing that maternal nutrition has important direct and/or indirect consequences for all other age. The objective of the study was to assess the determinants of dietary diversity and nutritional status of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Armed Forces Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The study was cross-sectional and conducted by using both quantitative and qualitative methods. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to draw 320 samples, pregnant women. The women were selected in random through balloting among the first five pregnant women to arrive at the antenatal clinic and thereafter systematic sampling was used and every fourth woman that arrived were sampled until the sample size is met. The data were analyzed by using a software STATA version 14. Descriptive statistics to determine the dietary diversity and nutritional status were done and also to characterize the nutritional status. The statistical model namely, logistic and ordered logistic regression was used for factors affecting the dietary diversity and nutritional status. A P value of <0.1 was considered statistically significant. According to the logistic model interpretation, negative relation implies that the dependent and independent variables are inversely related; while the positive association is the outcome and independent variable have direct relations. The findings of the descriptive analysis indicated that low dietary diversity was experienced by 61.56 percent of the respondents and the rest of the study population was in a high dietary diversity. Based on Mid-upper arm circumference cut-offs 0.31 percent were severely malnourished, while 3.44 percent were moderately malnourished and 96.25 percent were well nourished. Findings from logistic regression revealed that income, meals that were eaten in the last 24 hours, and anemia have positively and significantly affects dietary diversity while not taking iron-fortified foods affects negatively. The results from the ordered logit model indicate that severe undernutrition is determined by not taking micronutrient daily positively where ever income and cleaning utensil properly impact negatively, although moderate undernutrition is associated with not taking micronutrient daily positively and negatively with cleaning utensil properly. Though being nourished is affected by not taking micronutrient daily negatively and positively by cleaning utensil properly. Whereas by World Health Organization hemoglobin cut-offs 2.50 percent, 11.56 percent, and 85.94 percent were in severe anemia, moderate anemia, and normal hemoglobin level respectively. The results from the multinomial regression model reveal that severe anemia is negatively associated with dietary diversity. At the same time, moderate anemia is affected positively by not taking micronutrient daily and negatively by age, dietary diversity score and morbidity status of the pregnant women. Similarly being in normal hemoglobin cut-off was affected positively by age, dietary diversity and morbidity, negatively affected by not taking micronutrient daily. Finally, the findings conclude that dietary diversity and nutritional status were very poor and socio-demographic, socio-economic, micronutrient supplementation, morbidity, environmental factors, and dietary diversity influence the nutritional status of pregnant women. It is recommended that promotion of dietary diversity and modification of diets be carried out through practical demonstrations in the community and health facilities and there should be income generation practices and entrepreneur encouragements should be practiced.

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