Increased COVID-19 Infection Susceptibility and Adverse Outcomes Due to Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Objectives: Study bidirectional relationships between weight gain, obesity and COVID-19 infection risk during the pandemic.Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, MedRxiv, and WHO COVID-19 Database were searched till June 2, 2020. Newspaper and internet article sources were identified using a media database. Meta-analysis was conducted using random- and fixed effect models.Results: Ten studies published from 5 countries met inclusion criteria; five studies (provided 17 analyses/types of results) were included in meta-analysis. The studies suggested bidirectional relationships and some dose-response relationships. Meta-analysis showed obesity was associated with increased COVID-19 infection risk (Odds ratio, OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.02). COVID-19 risk increased with obesity (OR=1.43 (1.18, 1.73)) and severe obesity (OR=1.96 (1.49, 2.59)). Obesity was positively associated with COVID-19 mortality (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.25) and its severity: admission to intensive care unit (ICU) (OR=2.01 (1.25, 3.23)), and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use (OR=8.20 (2.10, 31.91)). We also observed a stronger association in younger age groups (β=-0.29 (-0.47 to -0.10)).Conclusions: Obesity was positively associated with higher COVID-19 infection risk, severity, and mortality. Appropriate treatment of COVID-19 patients with obesity and weight management are warranted.

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Obesity as a Predictor for Adverse Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-111047/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pranta Das ◽

Nandeeta Samad ◽

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Richard Gyan Aboagye ◽

Justice Kanor Tetteh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Obesity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Inverse Variance ◽

Severely Obese ◽

Model Inverse

Abstract Background: The 2019 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an unexpected pandemic causing mortalities across all ages. However, the severity of its health implications is mostly reported in persons with chronic health conditions with obesity being identified as one of the leading predisposing factors in acquiring the novel virus and developing its adverse complications. This meta-analysis sought to determine the estimated association between obesity and adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients. Methods: We followed the recommended PRISMA guidelines in executing this study. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for published literature between December 1, 2019, and October 2, 2020. The data for the study were pooled from studies that contained the search terms "Obesity" AND (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV or Coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2) AND ("ICU admission" OR "Hospitalization" OR "Disease severity" OR "Invasive mechanical ventilator" OR "Death" OR "Mortality"). All the online searches were supplemented by reference screening of retrieved studies for additional literature. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) from the retrieved studies were calculated using the random effect model (Inverse-Variance method). Findings: A total of five (5) studies with a combined sample size of 335,192 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled OR from the final analysis showed that patients who are severely obese were more likely to experience adverse outcome (death or ICU admission or needing IMV or hospitalization) compared to the normal patients [OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 2.33 – 3.40, I2 = 29%].Conclusion: Severe obesity is a risk factor in developing adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients. The finding of the study signifies promotive, preventive, and curative attention to be accorded patients diagnosed with severe obesity and COVID-19.

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Prevalence and determinants of motor stereotypies in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Autism ◽

10.1177/1362361319869118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 569-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cláudia Melo ◽

Luís Ruano ◽

Joana Jorge ◽

Tiago Pinto Ribeiro ◽

Guiomar Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

High Functioning Autism ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

High Functioning ◽

Younger Age ◽

Lower Intelligence

Stereotypies are frequently reported in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but remain one of the less explained phenomena. We aimed to describe, through a systematic review and a meta-analysis, the prevalence of motor stereotypies in ASD and study the factors that influence this prevalence. Our literature search included MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. Quality and risk of bias were assessed. Thirty-seven studies were included and the median prevalence of motor stereotypies in ASD was 51.8%, ranging from 21.9% to 97.5%. The most frequent determinants associated with a higher number of stereotypies in ASD were a younger age, lower intelligence quotient, and a greater severity of ASD. Moreover, gender did not seem to influence the prevalence of stereotypies. Meta-analytic analysis showed that lower IQ and autism diagnosis (independent of IQ) are associated with a higher prevalence of motor stereotypies (odds ratio = 2.5 and 4.7, respectively). Limitations of the reviewed literature include the use of convenience samples, with small sizes and heterogeneous inclusion criteria, and the predominance of high-functioning autism individuals.

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The prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression in near-centenarians and centenarians: a systematic review

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610219000802 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (11) ◽

pp. 1539-1558 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adrian Cheng ◽

Yvonne Leung ◽

Fleur Harrison ◽

Henry Brodaty

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Age Groups ◽

Large Degree ◽

Psychological Status ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Ovid Medline ◽

Cochrane Database ◽

Younger Age

ABSTRACTBackground:Current research on the psychological health of near-centenarians (95−99 years old) and centenarians remains limited. Existing studies have mainly characterized their physical, cognitive, and social health. Results on the anxiety and depression of near-centenarians and centenarians (more than 95 years old) have been mixed with some studies, finding higher rates of anxiety and depression among those older than 95 years and others reporting no difference in rates compared with younger age groups. This study aims to synthesize the existing literature on the prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression in near-centenarians and centenarians.Method:A systematic review was conducted using Ovid Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane database. Common and conflicting findings among the literature were examined.Results:Thirty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies examined the prevalence and predictors of anxiety, and 37 studies investigated the prevalence and predictors of depression. Five studies examined both anxiety and depression in the same sample. Prevalence data on anxiety and depression varied significantly, as did comparisons with rates in younger populations. Findings on predictors of anxiety and depression were contradictory.Conclusion:There is a large degree of heterogeneity among studies of centenarians’ psychological status. Findings conflict on the prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression and rates compared with younger age groups. Variation in findings may result from the different inclusion criteria, sampling methods, and measurement tools. Better harmonization of centenarian study methodologies may improve consistency of findings to aid in developing clinical interventions.

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Polypharmacy and Hyperpolypharmacy in Older Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000521214 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽

Wubshet Tesfaye ◽

Kota Vidyasagar ◽

Daniela Fialova

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Drug Related Problems ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Background and Aim: Polypharmacy (concomitant use of 5–9 medicines) and hyperpolypharmacy (concomitant use of over 10 medicines) were observed to be more frequent in older adults (≥65 years) and associated with adverse outcomes. Their prevalence and risk in older patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain unknown. We aimed to synthesize the extant evidence on the prevalence and risk of polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy in older adults with PD. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases to identify pertinent studies published from 2000 to July 2021. Observational studies reporting the prevalence and association with disease of polypharmacy/hyperpolypharmacy in older adults with PD were meta-analyzed. Pooled prevalence and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Out of the total 499 studies identified, 6 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and comprised 7,171 participants. The overall prevalence of polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy was 40% (95% CI: 37–44) and 18% (95% CI: 13–23), respectively. A meta-analysis of 4 studies indicated a significant association between polypharmacy (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.26–2.62; p < 0.001) and PD. Hyperpolypharmacy was also strongly associated with PD (OR: 3.11, 95% CI: 2.08–4.14; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Polypharmacy (40%) and hyperpolypharmacy (18%) are highly prevalent and eventually increase the risk of drug-related problems in older adults with PD. Therefore, interventions that ensure rational geriatric pharmacotherapy are of critical importance for the older population with neurogenerative disorders.

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Obesity as a predictor for adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis

10.1101/2020.11.27.20239616 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pranta Das ◽

Nandeeta Samad ◽

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Richard Gyan Aboagye ◽

Justice Kanor Tetteh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Obesity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Inverse Variance ◽

Severely Obese ◽

Model Inverse

AbstractBackgroundThis meta-analysis sought to determine the estimated association between obesity and adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe followed the recommended PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for published literature between December 1, 2019, and October 2, 2020. The data for the study were pooled from studies that contained the search terms “Obesity” AND (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV or Coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2) AND (“ICU admission” OR “Hospitalization” OR “Disease severity” OR “Invasive mechanical ventilator” OR “Death” OR “Mortality”). All the online searches were supplemented by reference screening of retrieved studies for additional literature. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) from the retrieved studies were calculated using the random effect model (Inverse-Variance method).FindingsFive studies with a combined sample size of 335,192 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled OR from the final analysis showed that patients who are severely obese were more likely to experience adverse outcome (death or ICU admission or needing IMV or hospitalization) compared to the normal patients [OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 2.33 – 3.40, I2 = 29%].ConclusionSevere obesity is a risk factor in developing adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients. The finding of the study signifies promotive, preventive, and curative attention to be accorded patients diagnosed with severe obesity and COVID-19.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Hyponatremia Predicted All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Dialysis Population

Blood Purification ◽

10.1159/000517340 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Jin’e Li ◽

Panai Song ◽

Dong Yang ◽

Yinghong Liu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cardiovascular Death ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Retrospective Cohort Studies

Background: Hyponatremia is one of the most common disorders of electrolytes. Some research studies reported that hyponatremia was closely associated with mortality in patients with dialysis. However, this viewpoint remains controversial. Objective: We aimed to do a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the influence of hyponatremia on mortality in patients with dialysis. Methods: We identified the eligible studies that investigated the association between hyponatremia and mortality risk in patients under dialysis by searching systematically a series of databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of science, and Ovid from January 2011 to June 2020. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled. Results: From 1,116 records identified, 12 studies including prospective and retrospective cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. We found hyponatremia both at baseline (HR: 1.50 and 95% CI: 1.41–1.59) and in time-varying (HR: 1.63 and 95% CI: 1.44–1.84) were significantly correlated to all-cause mortality after multivariable adjusted. By the subgroup analysis, the same results were presented in hemodialysis (HR: 1.48 and 95% CI: 1.38–1.59) or peritoneal dialysis patients (HR: 1.52 and 95% CI: 1.37–1.70). We also observed that lower serum sodium was independently associated with cardiovascular death. Conclusions: Hyponatremia was independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and it might predict adverse outcomes of patients under dialysis.

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Consistency of performance of adverse outcome prediction models for hospitalized COVID-19 patients

10.1101/2021.02.25.21252410 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Victor M Castro ◽

Thomas H McCoy ◽

Roy H Perlis

Keyword(s):

Prediction Models ◽

Age Groups ◽

Model Performance ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Group Model ◽

Medical Centers ◽

Academic Medical ◽

Younger Age ◽

Selection Operator

Background: We previously reported and validated a risk prediction tool based on COVID-19 hospitalizations prior to June 2020. Here, we report performance of that model on subsequent data from 6 hospitals and among individual patient subgroups. Method: We included individuals age 18 or older hospitalized at one of 2 academic medical centers and 4 community hospitals from 6/7/2020 through 1/22/2021 with positive PCR test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within 5 days of admission. Coefficients from our previously reported least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) risk models were applied to estimate probability of a mortality, as well as a composite severe illness outcome, including admission to the ICU, mechanical ventilation or mortality. Results: Overall model performance for mortality included AUC of 0.83 (95% CI:0.80-0.87) for mortality, with a PPV 0.55 and NPV of 0.95 when using a cutoff corresponding to the highest 20% of predicted risk derived in the training set. For all adverse outcomes, AUC was 0.79 (95% CI:0.75-0.81) and PPV 0.48 and NPV 0.98 in the top 20% risk group. Model discrimination was generally similar between genders and race/ethnicity groups, but markedly poorer for younger age groups. Conclusion: Although the population of individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 has shifted and outcomes have improved overall, prediction models derived earlier in the pandemic may maintain utility.

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Prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in preterm and full-term children, adolescents and young adults: a meta-analysis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171100081x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 2463-2474 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

A. C. Burnett ◽

P. J. Anderson ◽

J. Cheong ◽

L. W. Doyle ◽

C. G. Davey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽

Cognitive Sequelae ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Ongoing Care ◽

Anxiety Depression

BackgroundPreterm (PT) birth and low birth weight (LBW) are high-prevalence events that are associated with adverse outcomes in the longer term, with vulnerability increasing as maturity at birth decreases. Psychiatric symptomatology appears heightened in PT/LBW survivors, though there are some discordant findings from studies using questionnaire measures, particularly with respect to anxiety and depressive symptoms.MethodThis article synthesises findings from research using clinical psychiatric diagnostic criteria in PT/LBW individuals aged 10–25 years compared with term-born peers. Key outcomes of interest were the rates of individuals receiving any psychiatric diagnosis and the number of diagnoses of anxiety or depressive disorders.ResultsA literature search for studies reporting prevalence of ‘any diagnosis’ yielded five studies that met inclusion criteria, with a total of 565 PT/LBW and 533 control individuals. Also, five studies were found that reported rates of anxiety/depression (692 PT/LBW and 605 control individuals). The risk of these outcomes was increased for PT/LBW individuals compared with controls [any diagnosis: odds ratio (OR) 3.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57–5.21; anxiety or depressive disorder: OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.73–4.73].ConclusionsThe studies reviewed here indicate that, in addition to monitoring and management of medical and cognitive sequelae, the psychological well-being of PT/LBW individuals should be a key part of ongoing care.

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Global Prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Cases of Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2021/1499869 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Seyed Mohammad Riahi ◽

Ehsan Ahmadi ◽

Tayebeh Zeinali

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Culture Method ◽

Food Borne ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Different Seasons

The prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in gastroenteritis is often underestimated. It relates considerably to morbidity and medical expenses around the world. Understanding the cause of gastroenteritis leads to making the appropriate treatment decisions. We systematically searched PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Scopus to identify all published studies between Jan. 1, 2000, and Dec. 31, 2019, to assess the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in gastroenteritis patients. A total of 5039 articles were identified that lead to the extraction of data from 47 of them. The pooled prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in cases of gastroenteritis was estimated as 1.97% (1.32–2.74%) in the culture method and 2.41% (1.07–4.22%) in the molecular method. Among the biotypes of Y. enterocolitica, 1A (62.48%) and 1B (2.14%) had the most and least prevalence, respectively. Serotype O3 Y. enterocolitica with 39.46% had the highest and O5,27 with 0.0% had the least prevalence in gastroenteritis cases. In conclusion, the findings of this systematic review show that Y. enterocolitica is prevalent in gastroenteritis in all age groups. Serotypes O3 and O9 of Y. enterocolitica had the highest prevalence and O5,27 had the least prevalence in diarrheal patients. The prevalence of Y. enterocolitica was similar in both gender and different seasons. It should be noted that to determine the role of the organism, more studies are needed especially in food-borne diseases.

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Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000084 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 178-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Maurizio Pompili ◽

Marco Innamorati ◽

Monica Vichi ◽

Maria Masocco ◽

Nicola Vanacore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicide Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Premature Death ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Italian Population ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Suicide Rates ◽

Younger Age ◽

Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

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