scholarly journals Involvement of Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and BDNF Up-Regulating Properties in the Antipsychotic-Like Effect of the Essential Oil of Alpinia Zerumbet in Mice: A Comparative Study With Olanzapine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Yvelize Ramos de Araújo ◽  
Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho ◽  
Adriana Mary Nunes ◽  
Gersilene Valente de Oliveira ◽  
Patrícia Xavier Lima Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Alpinia Zerumbet

Abstract The current drug therapy for schizophrenia effectively treats acute psychosis and its recurrence; however, this mental disorder’s cognitive and negative symptoms are still poorly controlled. Antipsychotics present important side effects, such as weight gain and extrapyramidal effects. The essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAZ) leaves presents potential antipsychotic properties that need further preclinical investigation. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of EAOZ in the prevention and reversal of schizophrenia-like symptoms (positive, negative, and cognitive) induced by ketamine (KET) repeated administration in mice and putative neurobiological mechanisms related to this effect. To this end, we evaluated antioxidant (GSH, nitrite levels), anti-inflammatory [interleukin (IL)-6], and neurotrophic [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] effects of this oil in hippocampal tissue. The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ) was used as standard drug therapy. EOAZ, similarly to OLZ, prevented and reversed most KET-induced schizophrenia-like behavioral alterations, i.e., sensorimotor gating deficits and social impairment. EOAZ had a modest effect on the prevention of KET-associated working memory deficit. Compared to OLZ, EOAZ showed a more favorable side effects profile, inducing less cataleptic and weight gain changes. EOAZ efficiently protected the hippocampus against KET-induced oxidative imbalance, IL-6 increments, and BDNF impairment. In conclusion, our data add more mechanistic evidence for the anti-schizophrenia effects of EOAZ, based on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and BDNF up-regulating actions. The absence of significant side effects observed in current antipsychotic drug therapy seems to be an essential benefit of the oil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Warionia saharae essential oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mimouna Yakoubi ◽  
Nasser Belboukhari ◽  
Khaled Sekkoum ◽  
Mohammed Bouchekara ◽  
Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Warionia saharae Benth & Coss (W.s) (Asteraceae) is a monospecific genus endemic to Algeria and Morocco. Its leaves are used in their traditional medicine, such as gastrointestinal and inflammatory diseases; for instance, rheumatoid arthritis treatment. In this work, our team investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of essential oil extracted from the dried upper parts of Warionia saharae based on different standard experimental test models. The analgesic activity was assessed by central and peripheral models, such as “hot plate” and “writhing” tests on Swiss albino mice. The hot plate test used latency measurements to assess acute cutaneous pain sensitivity, as a result; the latency of the hind-paw pain response was by licking and either shaking or jumping, those occurrences were recorded. Writhing test as a chemical method used to induce pain of peripheral origin in mice by injecting acetic acid intraperitoneally (IP). This results in characteristic stretching behavior of the animals (cramps and contortions). The evaluation of the analgesic activity, shows that the essential oil of this plant induces a decrease in the number of abdominal cramps in the contortion test and a maximum inhibition of pain. As for the anti-inflammatory effect, it was studied by the “paw edema” test, a phlogogenic agent (formaldehyde) was used to stimulate inflammation in the paws of mice. Anti-inflammatory properties can be observed by inhibiting this edema compared to the standard drug Diclofenac. In conclusion, Warionia saharae essential oil (75 mg/kg) showed a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities which supports the conventional use of this plant in traditional medicine.

2-Substituted Benzoxazoles as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In Vivo Anti-Ulcerogenic Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Hamid ◽  
Humaira Nadeem ◽  
Sameen Fatima Ansari ◽  
Sonia Khiljee ◽  
Inzamam Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Pocket

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the commonly used therapeutic interventions of inflammation and pain that competitively inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Several side effects like gastrointestinal and renal toxicities are associated with the use of these drugs. The therapeutic anti-inflammatory benefits of NSAIDs are produced by the inhibition of COX-2 enzymes, while undesirable side effects arise from the inhibition of COX-1 enzymes. Objectives: In the present study, a new series of 2-substituted benzoxazole derivatives 2(a-f) and 3(a-e) were synthesized in our lab as potent anti-inflammatory agents with outstanding gastro-protective potential. The new analogs 2(a-f) and 3(a-e) were designed depending upon the literature review to serve as ligands for the development of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Methods: The synthesized analogs were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR) and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for their binding potential in the protein pocket of COX-2 and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential in animals using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method. Further 5 compounds were selected to assess the in vivo anti-ulcerogenic activity in an ethanol-induced anti-ulcer rat model. Results: Five compounds (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b and 3c) exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity and significant binding potential in the COX-2 protein pocket. Similarly, these five compounds demonstrated a significant gastro-protective effect (p<0.01) in comparison to the standard drug, Omeprazole. Conclusion: Depending upon our results, we hypothesize that 2-substituted benzoxazole derivatives have excellent potential to serve as candidates for the development of selective anti-inflammatory agents (COX-2 inhibitors). However, further assessments are required to delineate their underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Essential Oils of Zingiber zerumbet

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. A. Zakaria ◽  
A. S. Mohamad ◽  
M. S. Ahmad ◽  
A. F. Mokhtar ◽  
D. A. Israf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Zingiber Zerumbet ◽  
Cotton Pellet ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely used for the treatment of inflammation. However, despite their effectiveness, most NSAIDs cause various side effects that negatively affect the management of inflammation and, in part, pain. Thus, there is a need to search for new anti-inflammatory agents with few, or no, side effects. Natural products of plant, animal, or microorganism origin have been good sources of new bioactive compounds. The present study was carried out to evaluate the acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil of the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet (Zingiberaceae) using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma tests, respectively. The effect of the essential oil on inflammatory- and noninflammatory-mediated pain was also assessed using the formalin test. Essential oil of Z. zerumbet, at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, was administered intraperitoneally to rats. The substance exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity both in acute and chronic animal models. The essential oil also inhibited inflammatory- and noninflammatory-mediated pain when assessed using the formalin test. In conclusion, the essential oil of Z. zerumbet possessed anti-inflammatory activity, in addition to its antinociceptive activity, which may explain its traditional uses to treat inflammatory-related ailments.

Potential complications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
GD Corrigan ◽  
L Pantig-Felix ◽  
IO Kanat
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
The Us ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Since indomethacin was first marketed, some 40 years ago, the class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has grown larger than any other drug class in history. At present, there are at least 25 such drugs being used in the US and abroad, both clinically and in research. Despite their widespread use, their implications to health care are just beginning to be understood. The authors review updated theories on the mechanism of action, side effects, and drug interactions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Proposed guidelines for monitoring their use are given. A more thorough understanding of the risks-to-benefits ratio is provided in an effort to achieve maximum patient satisfaction and safety.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activities of the Essential Oil of the Unique Plant Zhumeria majdae

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyedeh Ghazal Miraghazadeh ◽  
Hamed Shafaroodi ◽  
Jinous Asgarpanah
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Zhumeria majdae essential oil were investigated in mice and rats. The analgesic activity of the oil was assessed by acetic acid-induced writhing and Eddy's hot plate methods while the acute anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by inflammatory paw edema in rat. Z. majdae oil significantly decreased the number of acetic acid-induced writhes in mice compared with animals that received vehicle only. Also it exhibited a central analgesic effect as evidenced by a significant increase in reaction time in the hot plate method. The oil also significantly reduced carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. The inhibitory activity of Z. majdae essential oil was found to be very close to that of the standard drug, diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg). The studied oil was analyzed by GC and GC–MS and seventeen constituents were identified, representing 99.2% of the oil. The major components of the oil were characterized as linalool (63.4%) and camphor (27.5%), which might be responsible for these observed activities. The results suggest that Z. majdae essential oil possesses biologically active constituent(s) that have significant activity against acute inflammation and have central and peripheral antinociceptive effects which support the ethnomedicinal claims of the plant application in the management of pain and inflammation.

scholarly journals Release of Aloe vera Extracts from Therapeutic Lenses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9055
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pulliero ◽  
Aldo Profumo ◽  
Alberto Izzotti ◽  
Sergio Claudio Saccà
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Ocular Surgery ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Microbial Agent

Aloe vera extracts have been used for drug therapy due to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and epithelia-regenerative actions. Considering the possible adverse side effects on the corneal surface of anti-microbial agent administration after ocular surgery, it is of interest to identify the ability of Aloe vera extract release from a therapeutic lens to prevent ocular irritation. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of different lens types on the availability and efficacy of releasing Aloe vera extracts in which they are soaked. Two lens types were examined: (1) non-ionic hydrogel lenses and (2) ionic hydrogel lenses. Aloe vera availability was quantified by LC–MS, and activity was quantified by a spectrophotometer (Nanodrop) at different times: (a) 30 min, (b) 60 min, (c) 2 h, (d) 6 h, and (e) 24 h. The lens allowing for the most abundant passage of Aloe vera extracts was the ionic hydrogel lens, followed by the non-ionic hydrogel lens. The obtained results demonstrate that the best lens allowing for the high and stable release of Aloe vera extract to the corneal surface are those composed of ionic hydrogels.

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Anti-Inflammatory Compounds: Hopes and Disappointments regarding the Translation of Preclinical Knowledge into Clinical Progress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fürst ◽  
Ilse Zündorf
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
The 19Th Century

Many diseases have been described to be associated with inflammatory processes. The currently available anti-inflammatory drug therapy is often not successful or causes intolerable side effects. Thus, new anti-inflammatory substances are still urgently needed. Plants were the first source of remedies in the history of mankind. Since their chemical characterization in the 19th century, herbal bioactive compounds have fueled drug development. Also, nowadays, new plant-derived agents continuously enrich our drug arsenal (e.g., vincristine, galantamine, and artemisinin). The number of new, pharmacologically active herbal ingredients, in particular that of anti-inflammatory compounds, rises continuously. The major obstacle in this field is the translation of preclinical knowledge into evidence-based clinical progress. Human trials of good quality are often missing or, when available, are frequently not suitable to really prove a therapeutical value. This minireview will summarize the current situation of 6 very prominent plant-derived anti-inflammatory compounds: curcumin, colchicine, resveratrol, capsaicin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and quercetin. We will highlight their clinical potential and/or pinpoint an overestimation. Moreover, we will sum up the planned trials in order to provide insights into the inflammatory disorders that are hypothesized to be beneficially influenced by the compound.

Studies on anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in experimental animal models

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Amdekar ◽  
Vinod Singh
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Experimental Animal Models ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, constant use of NSAID may lead to some side effects like gastrointestinal ulcers, bleeding and renal disorders. This study evaluates analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of: Diclofenac sodium was used as a standard drug for comparison.: Results showed that: The present study clearly suggests that

scholarly journals Heterocycles 48. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]Thiadiazole Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria Cristina ◽  
Denisa Leonte ◽  
Laurian Vlase ◽  
László Bencze ◽  
Silvia Imre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Thiadiazole Derivatives ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an important pharmacological class of drugs used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. They are also characterized by severe side effects, such as gastrointestinal damage, increased cardiovascular risk and renal function abnormalities. In order to synthesize new anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds with a safer profile of side effects, a series of 2,6-diaryl-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives 5a–l were synthesized and evaluated in vivo for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Among all compounds, 5c showed better anti-inflammatory activity compared to diclofenac, the standard drug, and compounds 5g, 5i, 5j presented a comparable antinociceptive activity to diclofenac. None of the compounds showed ulcerogenic activity. Molecular docking studies were carried out to investigate the theoretical bond interactions between the compounds and target, the cyclooxygenases (COX-1/COX-2). The compound 5c exhibited a higher inhibition of COX-2 compared to diclofenac.

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