Serum Zinc Deficiency in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Oral and Maxillofacial Region: A Risk Factor to its Development and Metastasis

Abstract Objectives To explore whether serum Zinc deficiency (sZnd) is a promoter to the development and lymphonode metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral and maxillofacial region (OMF). Methods 610 patients with SCC were enrolled in the study group, the controls consisted of the same number of age-gender matched subjects without cancers, serum Zinc level was tested in both groups. Characteristics of SCCs were investigated. Different concentration of serum Zinc and prevalence of sZnd between the two groups were calculated using Chi-square test. The association between serum Zinc status and SCC with different T-stages and lymphonode metastasis was focused on research. Results The patients varied from 19 to 87 years with a mean age of 58.89±10.91 years. Oral cavity was the most commonly affected region. Males were involved predominantly with a ratio of 1.44:1 to females. The concentration of serum Zinc in malignancies was 12.57±2.53 μmol/L, 19.2% suffered from sZnd; in the control group were 14.65±2.25 μmol/L and 6.1%. Decreased serum Zinc and increased prevalence of sZnd in SCC were statistically significant to controls (p=0.000) . Increased incidence of sZnd and reduced level of serum Zinc correlated significantly to the the progression and lymphnode metastasis of SCC (p<0.01). Conclusions sZnd was a predisposing indicator to the tumorigenesis of SCC and also a promoter to its aggravation and lymphonode metastasis, which should be considered as a factor in devising the treatment plannings.

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Serum Zinc deficiency in squamous cell carcinomas of oral and maxillofacial region: a risk factor to its development and metastasis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27684/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhenq Xu ◽

Jianw Shang ◽

Guoq Wang ◽

Li Long ◽

Ping Zhang

Keyword(s):

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Reference Interval ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Maxillofacial Region ◽

Chi Square ◽

Lymphnode Metastasis ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Region

Abstract Background To explore whether serum Zinc deficiency (sZnd) is a promoter to the development and lymphonode metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral and maxillofacial region (OMF). Methods 610 patients with SCC were enrolled in the study group, the controls consisted of the same number of age-gender matched subjects without cancers, serum Zinc level (sZn) was tested in both groups and anyone whose sZn belowed reference interval was detected as having sZnd. Characteristics of SCCs were investigated. Different concentration of serum Zinc and prevalence of sZnd between the two groups were calculated using Chi-square test. The association between serum Zinc status and SCC with different T-stages and lymphonode metastasis was focused on research. Results The patients varied from 19 to 87 years with a mean age of 58.89±10.91 years. Oral cavity was the most commonly affected region. Males were involved predominantly with a ratio of 1.44:1 to females. The concentration of sZn in malignancies was 12.57±2.53 μmol/L, 17.87% suffered from sZnd; in the control group were 14.65±2.25 μmol/L and 4.75%. Decreased sZn and increased prevalence of sZnd in SCC were statistically significant to controls (p=0.000) . Increased incidence of sZnd and reduced level of sZn correlated significantly to the the progression and lymphnode metastasis of SCC (p<0.01).Conclusions sZnd was a possible predisposing indicator to the tumorigenesis of SCC and also a promoter to its aggravation and lymphonode metastasis, which should be considered as a factor in devising the treatment plannings.

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Influence of zinc deficiency on one year recurrence in children with nephrotic syndrome

Journal of Renal Injury Prevention ◽

10.15171/jrip.2019.46 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 243-246

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ghafoorimehr ◽

Mastaneh Moghtaderi ◽

Behnaz Bazargani ◽

Dariush Fahimi ◽

Arash Abbasi

Keyword(s):

Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Zinc Level ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Mean Values ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

One Year

Introduction: Relapses in children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) are common and sometimes triggered by various infections. Low zinc levels have been described in children with nephrotic states. It is supposed to that zinc deficiency might lead to dysregulation of immune system and an increased risk of infection. Objectives: This study sought to examine whether the plasma level of zinc in nephrotic patients is related to the number of relapses in these patients. Patients and Methods: Forty-three children aged 1-10 years were entered in this study. Baseline data including age, serum zinc level, number of relapses during one year was recorded. The t test and chi-square tests were used to compare the mean values and proportions respectively with significant P value (P < 0.05). Results: Forty-three children with storied sensitive nephrotic syndrome enrolled in this study. Twenty-three (53.5%) of them were male and 20 (46.5%) were female. Around 74.4 % of patients experienced relapses of nephrotic syndrome in one-year period. There was a significant relation between zinc deficiency and recurrence rate. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency is common in children suffering from nephrotic syndrome and is related to recurrence of relapses in these patients.

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Correlation Between Zinc Level and Cognitive Function Among the Pre Elderly

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2020.9144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 3108-3112

Author(s):

Diorita Dyah Prayanti ◽

Muhammad Hamdan

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Zinc Level ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Zinc Levels ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Zinc is required for various physiological and biochemical functions in the body. Although it is needed in the physiological processes of the body, deficiencies and excess levels of Zinc can harm humans. Excess levels of Zinc in the body can cause Alzheimer’s disease while Zinc deficiency can cause impaired cognitive function. This study aims to determine the correlation between Zinc levels with cognitive function among the pre-elderly in Bulak Village, Surabaya. The subjects were all elderly patients who visited Integrated Health Service Post of Elderly in Bulak, Kenjeran, and Surabaya from April 2015 to July 2015. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, the case group consisted of subjects with TMT-B >180 seconds and the control group consisted of subjects with TMT-B ≤180 seconds. Zinc levels of subjects were examined in hair using the technique of atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Data analysis was using Chi-Square test with SPSS 21.0 program. There was no correlation between Zinc levels with cognitive function either statistically or clinically (p = 0.777, RO= 1.174, CI = 0.387-3.650). In conclusion, Zinc levels were not correlated with cognitive function among the pre-elderly in Bulak Village, Surabaya.

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Zinc supplementation in children with asthma exacerbation

Pediatric Reports ◽

10.4081/pr.2016.6685 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sanguansak Rerksuppaphol ◽

Lakkana Rerksuppaphol

Keyword(s):

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Asthma Exacerbation ◽

Standard Treatment ◽

Zinc Supplementation ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Asthma Severity ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Assessment Measure ◽

Children With Asthma

Zinc deficiency has demonstrated an association with the risk of asthma. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of zinc supplementation in reducing the severity of childhood asthma exacerbation. A number of 42 children with asthma exacerbation admitted to the hospital were randomized to receive either zinc bis-glycinate (30 mg elemental zinc/day) or a placebo in adjuvant to the standard treatment. The pediatric respiratory assessment measure (PRAM) was used to measure the asthma severity. The primary outcome was a change in asthma severity from the baseline to the end of study. The study found that PRAM score in the zinc group showed a more rapid decrease compared to the control group at the 24-hour (2.2±1.3 vs. 1.2±1.3; P=0.015) and 48-hour (3.4±2.0 vs. 2.2±1.8; P=0.042) intervals. At admission, overall mean serum zinc level was 63.8 mg/dL and 57.1% of children had zinc deficiency with no difference in prevalence between groups. PRAM scores did not differ between children with low and normal zinc status. In conclusion, zinc supplementation as the adjuvant therapy to the standard treatment during asthma exacerbation resulted in rapid lessening of severity.

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Evaluation of serum zinc level and IL-18 mRNA expression in children with pneumonia

Cellular and Molecular Biology ◽

10.14715/cmb/2021.67.3.26 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 168-171

Author(s):

Shixiong Yang ◽

Jin Shi

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Internal Control ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Rna Isolation ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Zinc Levels

Pneumonia is currently one of the leading causes of death in children. Increased susceptibility to pneumonia may be due to their decreased immunity. One of the reasons for the decrease in immunity is zinc deficiency. In children with pneumonia, on the other hand, some cytokines are secreted, resulting in inflammation that spreads, persists, and makes treatment difficult for specialists. In this study, we investigated the serum zinc level in children with pneumonia and healthy children. Also, we tried to find its relationship with IL-18 mRNA expression as an inflammatory cytokine. For this purpose, serum zinc levels and IL-18 mRNA expression were evaluated in 120 children aged 3-60 months with pneumonia and 120 healthy children. After taking 2ml of blood from children and measuring serum zinc level, the level of the IL-18 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. Total RNA was extracted by bioZOL™-G RNA Isolation Reagent kit. The primary cDNA was amplified by the extracted RNA, and in the next step, 2µl of cDNA were amplified by specific primers to measure IL-18 mRNA. The Beta-actin gene was also used as internal control and housekeeping gene. Results showed that the level of zinc in the patient group was 412.625±28.87?M and in the control group was 514.40±49.67?M. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.0053). Also, the expression of the IL-18 gene was increased in children with pneumonia, significantly (P=0.0015). Therefore, from the results, it can be deduced that children with zinc deficiency were at higher risk for a lung infection. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 also were increased in these children. Hence, it can be concluded that zinc levels can reduce the expression of IL-18 mRNA and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of children with pneumonia.

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Serum zinc levels in children with simple febrile seizures

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192173 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1480

Author(s):

Malavika P. Santappanawar ◽

Habeeb U. Khan ◽

Jaidev M. Devdas ◽

Sujonitha John ◽

Pavan Hegde

Keyword(s):

Serum Zinc ◽

Febrile Seizures ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Chi Square ◽

The Mean ◽

Zinc Levels ◽

Serum Zinc Levels

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common seizures in childhood and are often associated with nutritional deficiencies. The present study was done to find any correlation of serum zinc levels in children with simple febrile seizures.Methods: This study was a hospital based prospective case control study, involving 60 children (30 cases and 30 controls) aged between 6 months to 60 months. Serum zinc level was measured in all subjects by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data was analysed by using frequency, percentage and Pearson’s chi square test..Results: Most cases (80%) had serum zinc levels <90 mcg/dl, in comparison with children in the control group where only 30% had serum zinc levels <90 mcg/dl. The mean serum zinc level was 78.9±14.26 mcg/dl in cases with simple febrile seizures and 96.7±12.12 mcg/dl in the control group.Conclusions: The mean serum zinc level was significantly lower in children with simple febrile seizures in comparison with controls.

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Acute Diarrhea in Exclusively Breast Fed Infants in relation to Zinc Level

10.53350/pjmhs211551431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1431-1435

Keyword(s):

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Healthy Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Healthy Control ◽

The Mean ◽

Breast Fed

Background: Zinc deficiency is associated with alteration in gastrointestinal tract structure, function, and impaired immune function. Aim: To analyze the effects of zinc deficiency on the occurrence of acute diarrhea in exclusively breast-fed infants. Methods: In a case-control study, including a total of 72 exclusively breast-fed infants aged ≤ 6 months, 34 of them with acute diarrhea were in the study group and 38 infants as the healthy control group. Demographic characteristics of all infants and their parents were studied. Serum Zinc level was measured for all participants. Results: Zinc level had significant (p-value =0.000) differences between infants with acute diarrhea and the healthy control group. The mean serum zinc value ± SEM in children with acute diarrhea was 63.11 ± 1.7 which was significantly (p = 0.000) different from the mean serum zinc value ± SEM (78.6 ± 1.6) in healthy infants. A cut-off value 60.6μg/dl of total serum zinc level was significantly (p = 0.000) associated with a sensitivity of 100 % with the occurrence of acute diarrhea among exclusively breast-fed infants. Conclusions: Low serum zinc level is associated with the occurrence of acute diarrhea in exclusively breast-fed infants. A cutoff serum zinc value of 60.6 μg/dl has 100% sensitivity with the occurrence of acute diarrhea among breast-fed infants. Keywords: Zinc deficiency, diarrhea, infants, breastfeeding.

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Berat Badan, Panjang Badan dan Faktor Genetik sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Stunted pada Anak Sekolah

JURNAL NUTRISIA ◽

10.29238/jnutri.v19i2.257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Hetriana Leksananingsih ◽

Slamet Iskandar ◽

Tri Siswati

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

School Children ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Riskesdas in 2013 showed that Yogyakarta (DIY) had a prevalence of stunted new kid in school is less than the national average, which is 14.9% (MOH, 2013). Stunted or short, is a linear growth retardation has been widely used as an indicator to measure the nutritional status of individuals and community groups. Stunted can be influenced by several factors: birth weight, birth length match and genetic factors. Objective: To determine the weight, length of low birth weight and genetic factors as predictors of the occurrence of stunted on elementary school children. Methods: The study was a case control analytic. Research sites in SD Muhammadiyah Ngijon 1 Subdistrict Moyudan. The study was conducted in May and June 2015. The subjects were school children grade 1 to grade 5 the number of cases as many as 47 children and 94 control children. With the inclusion criteria of research subjects willing to become respondents, was present at the time of the study, they have a father and mother, and exclusion criteria have no data BB and PB birth, can not stand upright. The research variables are BBL, PBL, genetic factors and TB / U at this time. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and Odd Ratio (OR) calculation. Results: In case group as much as 91.5% of normal birth weight and length of 80.9% of normal birth weight, most of the height of a normal mother and father as many as 85.1%. In the control group as much as 78.7% of normal birth weight and 61.7% were born normal body length, height mostly normal mom and dad that 96.7% of women and 90.4% normal normal father. Statistical test result is no significant correlation between height mothers with stunted incidence in school children, and the results of chi-square test P = 0.026 with value Odd Ratio (OR) of 3.9 and a range of values from 1.091 to 14.214 Cl95%. Conclusion: High maternal body of mothers can be used as predictors of the occurrence of stunted school children and mothers with stunted nutritional status have 3.9 times the risk of having children with stunted nutritional status.

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Serum Zinc Levels in Cirrhotic Patients Attending General and Specialty Hospitals, Yangon

Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.34299/mhsrj.00956 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 251-256

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Zinc Level ◽

The Body ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

Cirrhosis Of Liver

Cirrhosis of liver is one of the common medical problem in daily clinical practice and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Zinc is an essential trace elements for human and plays in many biological roles in the body. Among them, zinc deficiency is thought to be involved in metabolism of ammonia and causes hyperammonia that worsen hepatic encephalopathy. This study aimed to find out the severity of cirrhosis of liver was by Child Turcotte Pugh score and to investigate the associations between serum zinc level and severity of cirrhosis. A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 78 patients with different underlying causes of cirrhosis of liver at the Medical Units of Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Specialty Hospital. Among the study population, Child grade A was found to be 28.21%, Child grade B was 30.77% and Child grade C was 41.03%. Regarding result of serum zinc level, 62.8% were low level, 28.2% were within normal level and 8.9% were high level. Mean value of serum zinc level in grade A was 0.68 mg/l, grade B was 0.54 mg/l and grade C was 0.48 mg/l (p=0.00). It was found out that there was a high prevalence of zinc deficiency in severe cirrhotic patients. The zinc level was significantly lowest among patients with Child-Pugh C as compare to those with Child-Pugh B and C. Severity of zinc deficiency should be requested for supplementation therapy in cirrhotic patients as to prevent complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Screening for zinc deficiency may need in these patients with more advanced cirrhosis because it seems to be a marker of advanced liver disease and it can be deducted that awareness of serum zinc level among cirrhotic patients is very important in clinical practice.

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46 Effect of the addition of α-tocopherol to in vitro maturation media of bovine oocytes

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 2-3

Author(s):

Theisy P Acosta Pérez

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Maturation ◽

Cumulus Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cumulus Expansion ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Maturation Rate ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

System Data

Abstract α-tocopherol is known to be a powerful antioxidant, in this regard, it was added to bovine oocyte in vitro maturation media to evaluate its effect on oocyte maturation. Oocytes (n = 624) aspirated from ovaries of slaughtered cows were classified by quality and divided in four categories according to cytoplasm appearance and cumulus cells layers. Oocytes were washed in TCM-199 supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and FSH, then distributed in maturation media (TCM-199 supplemented with FBS, FSH and gentamicin). Three experimental groups of α-tocopherol (50, 100 and 200 mM) and a control group without α-tocopherol were used. Maturation was carried 22 h at 38.5°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Oocytes were examined to determine cumulus expansion as categorical data (expansion or no expansion), as well as cumulus expansion Index (CEI). For CEI determination oocytes were graded 0 to 4, being 0 those with null expansion and 4 those with a noticeable cell expansion, then the number of oocytes were multiplied by the grade given and a sum of the totals was obtained, the new total was divided by the total of oocytes in the group and the result obtained corresponded to the CEI of the group. Results were analyzed with Chi Square test (for maturation rates) and an ANOVA (for the CEI) using the SAS system, data are presented as mean ± standard error. There was no statistical difference between control and α-tocopherol groups (P >0.05). Numerically, the control group showed a higher maturation rate (100%) and obtained a higher CEI (2.44±0.20), followed by the 50 mM group (98.16%; 2.39±0.13), the groups 200 mM (97.40%; 2.00±0.14) and 100 mM (96.25%; 2.06±0.24) were the lowest. The addition of the minimum concentration (50 mM) of α-tocopherol to the maturation media could improve maturation rates without exposing oocytes to toxic effects.

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