scholarly journals Raw cassava rhizome waste as a binder in sugarcane bagasse and straw briquettes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cressoni De Conti ◽  
Marcos Paulo Patta Granado ◽  
Elias Ricardo Durango Padilla ◽  
Gabriela Tami Nakashima ◽  
Cláudio De Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Energy Index ◽  
Compressive Test ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Index Comparison ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the cassava rhizome as a natural binder in blend briquettes from cassava rhizome, bagasse, and sugarcane straw. For this study, 20 kg of material (cassava rhizome sugarcane bagasse and straw) were dried to a moisture content closer to 12%. Six treatments were used for briquette production. Three blends and three 100% materials (without mix) were analyzed. The briquettes were produced in a lab-scale press with heating (120 ºC). The results showed that the energy index comparison varied from 6.20–8.25. The fracture limit for the resistance compressive test and the ultimate strength of the briquettes were found for B6 (100% cassava rhizome), followed by the B2 blend (75% cassava rhizome + 15% bagasse + 10% straw). Treatment B2 was the best composition for an energy source by proximate analysis. All treatments (briquettes) had a durability closer to 97%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of Ca, K, and Si. The raw cassava rhizome behaves like a natural binder, and treatment B2 was the best blend for briquette production.

scholarly journals Biochar produced from poultry litter waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e351101119704
Author(s):  
Moisés Edevaldo Pereira ◽  
Luciano Donizeti Varanda ◽  
Natália Rodrigues de Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Roberto Sette Jr ◽  
Franciane Andrade de Padua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Scanning Electron

Brazil generates substantial quantity of poultry litter waste because of its worldwide prominence in the production of broiler chickens. The volume of the poultry litter biomass generates considerable environmental impact. The objective was to characterize the biochar produced from poultry litter residue under different conditions with the aim of determining the best residence time and temperature. Poultry litter was collected after two batches of chicken breeding. Five treatments for biochar production were carried out at a temperature of 450 °C (defined by thermogravimetric analysis - TGA) and residence times of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6h. The biochar produced was assessed using proximate analysis, moisture content, gravimetric yield, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and HHV (higher heating value). The results revealed that the best conditions for biochar production was 450 °C (pyrolysis) and residence time of 0.5h, with 37.21% gravimetric yield. We concluded that the biochar produced in this study is recommended for soil application but was not suitable for energy purposes because of its high ash content (up to 33.66%) and low HHV (18,907 J g-1).

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND RESEARCH OF SILICON-CONTAINING PHTHALOCYANINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
New Form ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of this study is to synthesize, and study a new form of dye based on phthalocyanine, a silicon-containing phthalocyanine pigment used as a dye for dye-sensitive solar cells, which are currently third generation solar cells as one of the energy source alternatives. To achieve this goal, a silicon-containing phthalocyanine pigment containing urea, phthalic anhydride and sodium fluorosilicate was synthesized and studied. Based on the results of IR spectroscopy, the reaction of pigment formation is proposed and the data of scanning electron microscopy is presented. Its differential thermal analysis, photodynamic analysis and its relationship with inorganic and organic solvents were also analyzed. The optical density of the pigment was analyzed on a V-5000 spectrophotometer at wavelengths with a spectral with from 320 nm to 1000 nm. The study was carried out in 5% and 20% solutions of dimethylformamide. The absorption peaks showed good absorption at wavelengths from 400 to 500 nm. Derivatographic studies of the obtained pigment show that the main weight loss occurs in the range 110-482 °C, at which 18.25% of the basic weight, or 3.21 mg of weight, is lost, which means that the pigment is thermally stable.

An Investigation on the Interfacial Transition Zone in Concrete Using SEM

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Hsi Chi Yang ◽  
Miao Ying Cheng ◽  
Jung Pin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Interfacial Transition Zone ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Hydration Products ◽  
Compressive Test ◽  
Scanning Electron

The technique of linking the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) photographs taken around the interfacial transition zone area is applied to observe the development of hydration products for aggregate and paste at the different curing ages. This research first chooses the aggregate with clay properties not containing the calcium ion, and then observes the hydration products (such as CH, C-S-H) of calcium ion on the aggregate. Finally it assesses if the aggregate will produce ion exchange with cement and generate the hydration products. The very small samples to be observed are taken from the concrete compressive test specimen and must include both aggregate and paste. They are wiped with alcohol to have better pictures before shooting SEM. Initially, the interface of aggregate and paste is sought using 2000x magnification. However, the hydration products on either side of the interface with a range of 50 μm are observed using 10000x magnification. From the results, it is found that aggregate has not interacted with cement paste to produce hydration products and the bond stress of aggregate and paste is controlled by hydration products of paste.

Extraction of Nanocellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse

2014 ◽  
Vol 633-634 ◽  
pp. 550-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Ya Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Nanowire Structure

Sugarcane bagasse was used as start materials to extract nanocellulose fibers. The morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The result indicated that the nanocellulose is successfully extracted by a series of alkali and acid treatment. The nancellulose is characterized by nanowire structure, and possesses high aspect ratio.

scholarly journals Treatment of sugarcane bagasse for the immobilization of soybean β-glucosidase and application in soymilk isoflavones

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Aleixo Moreira ◽  
Ana Camila Vaitkevicius Ferreira ◽  
Josemeyre Bonifácio da Silva ◽  
Mara Lúcia Luiz Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Sugarcane bagasse from agro-industrial residues was autoclaved at 121 °C for 15 min, treated with 2% NaOH and activated with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for the immobilization of soybean β-glucosidase. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterized and confirmed the immobilization of the β-glucosidase on the sugarcane bagasse. The immobilization efficiency was influenced by the type of bagasse modification and was 99% at maximum. The optimum immobilization conditions were 1 mg mL-1 protein, pH 7.0, 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 110 rpm and 8 h of incubation at 4 °C. The immobilized system could be reused for 15 cycles without the complete loss of activity. The thermal stability indicated a residual activity of 15% after 180 min incubation at 70 °C. The conversion efficiency of glucosides to aglycones in commercial soymilk by β-glucosidase immobilized on sugarcane bagasse was evaluated and the total aglycone content increased by 23.8% after incubation at 50 °C for 120 min.

scholarly journals Bioengineering of Xylan Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1024
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scanning Electron

Xylan has a wide application in different types of fields specifically in coating of pipelines and drug delivery systems. Xylan was extracted from cheap agricultural wastes such as sugarcane bagasse, corncobs, ricehulls, wheat husks by alkaline method. The presence of xylan was confirmed by identifying the functional groups by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The concentration of glucose was analyzed quantitatively by phenol sulphuric acid assay. It was found tha tminimum concentration of glucose was observed as present in the commercial xylan. The extracted xylan was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy to determine the morphology. The aim of the study is to compare the efficiency of extraction among various agro- wastes. This study reveals that maximum production of xylan was obtained in sugarcane bagasse when compared with corncobs, rice hulls and wheat husks. The maximum xylan recovery of 67.5% was found from sugarcane bagasse

Pathogenesis of Human Hair Defects

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
P.S. Porter ◽  
T. Aoyagi ◽  
R. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using standard techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), over 1000 human hair defects have been studied. In several of the defects, the pathogenesis of the abnormality has been clarified using these techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to present several distinct morphologic abnormalities of hair and to discuss their pathogenesis as elucidated through techniques of scanning electron microscopy.

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

Spontaneous Cataract in Nude Athymic Mice

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Bradley ◽  
R. S. Berk ◽  
L. D. Hazlett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nude Mouse ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Athymic Mice ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Mouse Lens ◽  
Scanning Electron

The nude mouse is a hairless mutant (homozygous for the mutation nude, nu/nu), which is born lacking a thymus and possesses a severe defect in cellular immunity. Spontaneous unilateral cataractous lesions were noted (during ocular examination using a stereomicroscope at 40X) in 14 of a series of 60 animals (20%). This transmission and scanning microscopic study characterizes the morphology of this cataract and contrasts these data with normal nude mouse lens.All animals were sacrificed by an ether overdose. Eyes were enucleated and immersed in a mixed fixative (1% osmium tetroxide and 6% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 0-4°C) for 3 hours, dehydrated in graded ethanols and embedded in Epon-Araldite for transmission microscopy. Specimens for scanning electron microscopy were fixed similarly, dehydrated in graded ethanols, then to graded changes of Freon 113 and ethanol to 100% Freon 113 and critically point dried in a Bomar critical point dryer using Freon 13 as the transition fluid.

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