Leg length, skull circumference, and the prevalence of dementia in low and middle income countries: a 10/66 population-based cross sectional survey

ABSTRACTBackground: Adult leg length is influenced by nutrition in the first few years of life. Adult head circumference is an indicator of brain growth. There is a limited literature linking short legs and small skulls to an increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia in late life.Methods: One phase cross-sectional surveys were carried out of all residents aged over 65 years in 11 catchment areas in China, India, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Mexico and Peru (n = 14,960). The cross-culturally validated 10/66 dementia diagnosis, and a sociodemographic and risk factor questionnaire were administered to all participants, and anthropometric measures taken. Poisson regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios for the effect of leg length and skull circumference upon 10/66 dementia, controlling for age, gender, education and family history of dementia.Results: The pooled meta-analyzed fixed effect for leg length (highest vs. lowest quarter) was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.68–0.98) and for skull circumference 0.75 (95% CI, 0.63–0.89). While point estimates varied between sites, the proportion of the variability attributable to heterogeneity between studies as opposed to sampling error (I2) was 0% for leg length and 22% for skull circumference. The effects were independent and not mediated by family history of dementia. The effect of skull circumference was not modified by educational level or gender, and the effect of leg length was not modified by gender.Conclusions: Since leg length and skull circumference are said to remain stable throughout adulthood into old age, reverse causality is an unlikely explanation for the findings. Early life nutritional programming, as well as neurodevelopment may protect against neurodegeneration.

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Association and interaction of hemoglobin glycation index with hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29532/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Mi ◽

Jian Song ◽

Yingying Zhao ◽

xue-sen wu

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Hemoglobin Glycation

Abstract BackgroundHemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals.Methods The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China. We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects：(1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software.ResultsSpecifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87(95%CI: 1.26-2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI:1.36,95%CI:0.11-2.63; AP: 0.43, 95%CI:0.17-0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI:1.10-6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95%CI:0.24-1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.56) and SI (1.96, 95%CI:1.01-3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95%CI: 0.01-0.54) was observed to be significant.ConclusionHigh HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

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Association of hemoglobin glycation index and its interaction with obesity/family history of hypertension on hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29532/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Mi ◽

Jian Song ◽

Yingying Zhao ◽

xue-sen wu

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Hemoglobin Glycation

Abstract BackgroundHemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals.Methods The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China.We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects：(1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software.ResultsSpecifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87(95%CI: 1.26-2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI:1.36,95%CI:0.11-2.63; AP: 0.43, 95%CI:0.17-0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI:1.10-6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95%CI:0.24-1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.56) and SI (1.96, 95%CI:1.01-3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95%CI: 0.01-0.54) was observed to be significant.ConclusionHigh HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

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Association of hemoglobin glycation index and its interaction with obesity /family history of hypertension on hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29532/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Mi ◽

Jian Song ◽

Yingying Zhao ◽

xue-sen wu

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Hemoglobin Glycation

Abstract Background: Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals.Methods : The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China. We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects：(1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software.Results: Specifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87(95%CI: 1.26-2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI:1.36,95%CI:0.11-2.63; AP: 0.43, 95%CI:0.17-0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI:1.10-6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95%CI:0.24-1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.56) and SI (1.96, 95%CI:1.01-3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95%CI: 0.01-0.54) was observed to be significant.Conclusion: High HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

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Association of hemoglobin glycation index and its interaction with obesity/family history of hypertension on hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-020-01762-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Mi ◽

Jian Song ◽

Yingying Zhao ◽

Xuesen Wu

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Hemoglobin Glycation

Abstract Background Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals. Methods The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China. We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects: (1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Results Specifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87 (95% CI 1.26–2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI: 1.36, 95% CI 0.11–2.63; AP: 0.43, 95% CI 0.17–0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI 1.10–6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95% CI 0.24–1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI 0.11–0.56) and SI (1.96, 95% CI 1.01–3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95% CI 0.01–0.54) was observed to be significant. Conclusion High HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

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Adult CHD: the ongoing need for physician counselling about heredity and contraceptive options

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951116001013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 671-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Camila Londono-Obregon ◽

Elizabeth Goldmuntz ◽

Brooke T. Davey ◽

Xuemei Zhang ◽

Gail B. Slap ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Transmission Risk ◽

Correct Identification ◽

Patient Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Correct Knowledge ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Patient Reported ◽

History Of

AbstractPurposeCurrent guidelines recommend that patients with CHD receive age-appropriate counselling on reproduction, pregnancy, and risk of heredity. Our aim was to examine patient knowledge of reproductive health and explore the association between patient knowledge of CHD transmission risk and earlier physician counselling in adults with CHD.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional survey of patients with CHD aged 18 years and older in a paediatric hospital.ResultsOf the 100 patients who completed the questionnaire, most did not report counselling on heredity (66%) or contraception (71%). Of the 54 women, 25 (46%) identified their contraceptive options correctly; 42 (78%) women were classified as being at significantly increased risk for an adverse outcome during pregnancy, and of these 20 (48%) identified this risk correctly. Of all patients surveyed, 72% did not know that having CHD placed them at increased risk for having a child with CHD. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with correct knowledge about risk of recurrence were correct identification of CHD diagnosis (p=0.04) and patient-reported counselling (p=0.001).ConclusionsKnowledge about heredity, pregnancy risk, and contraceptive options is inadequate among adults with CHD followed-up in a paediatric subspecialty clinic. The majority of patients did not report a history of counselling about reproductive health. There is a strong correlation between history of counselling by the patient’s cardiologist and correct knowledge about recurrence risk, suggesting that effective reproductive counselling can positively impact this knowledge gap.

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Psychiatric Co-Morbidities of Suicide Attempters: A Cross Sectional Observation in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research ◽

10.52403/ijshr.20210408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 40-46

Author(s):

Shaveta Bhagat ◽

Mohammad Maqbool Dar ◽

Ibrar Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

General Hospital ◽

Psychiatric Illness ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

History Of ◽

Suicide Attempted

Background: Psychiatric disorders are at increased risk for suicide. Attempted suicide is a common clinical problem in a general hospital. It has a serious clinical and socio-economical impact too. Aims: This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities of suicide attempters attending the emergency. Material and methods: This study was a cross sectional, observational study which was conducted at the Community General Hospital Unit, Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences-Kashmir an associated hospital of Government Medical College Srinagar among the suicide patients attending the outpatient service and inpatient services of the hospital fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria over a period of one and a half year, from November 2017 to May 2019. Written informed consent was obtained in a simple and easily understandable unambiguous language. For the diagnosis of psychiatric comorbidity, we used MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview Schedule Plus (MINI PLUS). A p-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: A total of 221 cases who had been admitted following unsuccessful suicide attempts to the emergency and psychiatry department were taken up for the study. They were evaluated in detail with regards to past attempt of suicide, family history of psychiatric illness or suicide and the presence of psychiatric co-morbidity and the results have been presented below in tabulated and graphical forms. 77.4% of the attempters had no history of psychiatric illness in their family while 22.6% of patients did have family history of a psychiatric illness. 98.2% of attempters had no family history of suicide while 1.8% of the patients gave a family history of suicide. 21.26% males and 54.75% females had associated psychiatric co-morbidities and 23.9% had no associated psychiatric co-morbidities. Conclusion: The most common psychiatric morbidity associated with suicide was found to be major depressive disorder. Most importantly, the suicide attempters should be looked with sympathy rather than with a grimace on face. Such people should not be stigmatized and we should not let their shoulders drop. Keywords: Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Morbidity, Suicide.

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Sweet Taste Threshold among Medical Students with Family History of Diabetes Mellitus

Althea Medical Journal ◽

10.15850/amj.v7n4.1940 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nasya Aisah Latif ◽

Yulia Sofiatin ◽

Maya Kusumawati ◽

Rully Marsis Amirullah Roesli

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Medical Students ◽

Family History ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Taste Threshold ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Background: Diabetic patients have low sensitivity towards sweet taste, thus consuming more sugar. A young adult with family history of diabetes mellitus (FHD) who lives with diabetic parents may have an increased risk of overconsumption of sugar due to a similar dietary pattern, leading to diabetes. This study aimed to explore the difference in the sweet taste threshold (STT) between students with and without a family history of diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in October –November 2018 on Class 2018 medical students living in a student dormitory who were divided into those with family history of diabetes (FHD) and those without it (non-FHD). Family history of diabetes and other known diseases were self-reported. The three-Ascending Forced Choice method was used to determine the sweet recognition threshold. Mann-Whitney analysis was used to compare the sweet taste thresholds between the two groups. Result: A total of 183 subjects participated in this study. The non-FHD group had a higher rank of sweet taste threshold than subjects in the FHD group (94.21 vs 81.16), albeit insignificant (p=0.192). Interestingly, the modes of best estimation threshold (BET) for non-FHD group was than the FHD group (0.067 M vs 0.043 M). Conclusion: The BET for students without family history of diabetes is higher than those with family history of diabetes. It is imperative that low sugar consumption campaign should also aim young people without FHD.

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Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Among the Public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.14640 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Khalid A Alshehri ◽

Omar M Saggaf ◽

Hussein M Alshamrani ◽

Abdulrahman Mutlaq Alnefaie ◽

Khalid B Alghamdi

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Family History ◽

Eustachian Tube ◽

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Tube Dysfunction ◽

History Of

BACKGROUND Obstruction of the Eustachian tube is a common condition that is unpleasant and might lead to various middle ear disorders. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) among the public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Jeddah during August 2018 by distributing an electronic survey form to participants from different districts of the city. All male and female residents of Jeddah aged 10 years and above had the chance to participate in this study. RESULTS A total of 2372 participants (female, 1535/2372, 64.71%; male, 837/2372, 35.28%; mean age 31.31 years, SD 11.85 years) agreed to contribute to our study. Upon analysis of their answers to the questionnaire, the overall prevalence of ETD in our sample was found to be 42.49% (1008/2372). The prevalence was higher among participants who reported a previous diagnosis of ETD and hearing loss (1897/2372, 80.00% and 1902/2372, 80.21%, respectively). Additionally, participants with a family history of hearing loss had a significantly higher prevalence (1136/2372, 47.92%) of ETD than those with no family history of hearing loss. Our analysis also showed that females were at a greater risk of developing ETD than males (<i>P</i>=.01). CONCLUSIONS As per our prevalence data, ETD is a common disease in Jeddah, pointing to the need for more attention, awareness, and research.

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Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels and its interactive effects on hypertension risk in non-diabetic population: a cross-sectional survey in China

10.21203/rs.2.14311/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

jian song ◽

nana wei ◽

yingying zhao ◽

yuhong jiang ◽

xuesen wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Hba1c Levels

Abstract Background Abnormal glucose metabolism have been suggested to be involved in the development of hypertension. The present study aimed to investigate the associations and potential interactions of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with other factors on the risk of hypertension among Chinese non-diabetic adults. Methods As a cross-sectional survey, the current work provided questionnaire survey, anthropometric tests and biochemical measure for each of the eligible participants. The HbA1c levels were quantified and grouped by quartiles. The correlation between HbA1c and hypertension risk in non-diabetic were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. For evaluating the interactive effects, the parameters of Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI), Attributable Proportion due to Interaction (AP) and Synergy Index (SI) were calculated, respectively. Results In the current study, 1462 non-diabetic subjects were enrolled. Totally, the prevalence of hypertension was 22.4% (n=327) in the individuals without diabetes. When the HbA1c levels were grouped by quartiles, it was revealed that the prevalence of hypertension substantially elevated across groups ( P for trend <0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, in comparison with the first quartile of HbA1c, the normalized OR for hypertension risk were 1.90 (95% CI:1.28-2.80) for the highest quartile. Besides, the ROC curve analysis indicated that the best threshold of HbA1c as the predictor for hypertension risk was 4.95 in non-diabetic subjects, with the AUC of 0.60 (0.58-0.63). Eventually, it was demonstrated from the interactive effect analysis that the HbA1c significantly interacted with abdominal obesity (RERI: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.38- 2.58; AP: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14-0.60 and SI: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06-3.62) and family history of hypertension (AP: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.05-0.70) on the risk of hypertension in non-diabetic participants. Conclusion The risk of hypertension was aggravated by the up-regulated HbA1c in an independent and synergistic manner with abdominal obesity and family history of hypertension in Chinese subjects without diabetes.

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Prevalence of stroke and stroke related risk factors: a population based cross sectional survey in southwestern China

10.21203/rs.2.17357/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xingyang Yi ◽

Hua Luo ◽

Ju Zhou ◽

Ming Yu ◽

Xiaorong Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

High Risk ◽

Population Attributable Risk ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stroke Population ◽

History Of ◽

Lack Of Exercise

Abstract Background: Stroke and its risk factors epidemiological survey can help identify individuals at higher risk and therefore promote stroke prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to estimate the current prevalence of stroke and high risk stroke population, and evaluate stroke associated risk factors in southwestern China. Methods: This was a multi-center, cross sectional survey in southwestern China from May 2015 to September 2015. The 8 communities were selected at random, and 17413 residents aged ≥ 40 years volunteered to participate in this survey. Data were collected through face-to-face survey using a structured questionnaire. 521 participants with incomplete questionnaires on stroke history or risk factors records were excluded. Results: A total of 16892 people included in analysis. The overall prevalence of stroke was 3.1% (95% CI 2.6% - 3.9%), 17.1% of participants were the high risk stroke population. After full adjustments, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, overweight, lack of exercise and family history of stroke were significantly associated with overall stroke and ischemic stroke. The largest contributor was hypertension (population-attributable risk 23.6%), followed by dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, family history of stroke, diabetes, and overweight. However, only hypertension (OR = 3.66, 95% CI 1.82-8.23) was significantly associated with hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions: The prevalence of stroke and high risk stroke population was high among adults aged ≥ 40 years in southwestern China. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and lack of exercise were stronger contributors for stroke, these findings suggest that individual-level and population-level interventions for these leading risk factors are necessary to prevent stroke.

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