scholarly journals High Rate of Obesity-Associated Hypertension among Primary Schoolchildren in Sudan

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeena Salman ◽  
Gregory D. Kirk ◽  
Mark D. DeBoer
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently has roots in childhood, including following childhood-onset hypertension. Incidence of CVD has increased in developing countries in East Africa during recent urbanization. Effects of these shifts on childhood hypertension are unclear. Our objectives were to (1) Determine the prevalence of hypertension among primary schoolchildren in Khartoum, Sudan; (2) Determine whether hypertension in this setting is associated with obesity. We performed a cross sectional study of 6-12y children from two schools randomly selected in Khartoum, Sudan. Height, weight, BMI, BP and family history of hypertension were assessed. Age-, height- and gender-specific BP curves were used to determine pre-hypertension (90–95%) and hypertension (>95%). Of 304 children, 45 (14.8%) were overweight; 32 (10.5%) were obese; 15 (4.9%) were pre-hypertensive and 15 (4.9%) were hypertensive. Obesity but not family history of hypertension was associated with current hypertension. In multiple logistic regression, adjusting for family history, children who were obese had a relative-risk of 14.7 (CI 2.45-88.2) for systolic hypertension compared to normal-weight children. We conclude that overweight and obesity are highly prevalent among primary schoolchildren in urban Sudan and are strongly associated with hypertension. That obesity-associated cardiovascular sequelae exist in the developing world at young ages may be a harbinger of future CVD in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Hypertension prevalence, associated factors, treatment and control in rural Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e040981
Author(s):  
Larissa Pone Simo ◽  
Valirie Ndip Agbor ◽  
Jean Jacques N Noubiap ◽  
Orlin Pagnol Nana ◽  
Pride Swiri-Muya Nkosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
And Control

IntroductionSub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a surge in the burden of hypertension, and rural communities are increasingly affected by the epidemic.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension in rural communities of the Baham Health District (BHD), Cameroon. In addition, we sought to assess awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension among community members.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study.SettingParticipants from five health areas in the BHD were recruited from August to October 2018.ParticipantsConsenting participants aged 18 years and above were included.ResultsWe included 526 participants in this study. The median age of the participants was 53.0 (IQR=35–65) years and 67.1% were female. The crude prevalence of hypertension was 40.9% (95% CI=36.7–45.1) with no gender disparity. The age-standardised prevalence of hypertension was 23.9% (95% CI=20.3–27.5). Five-year increase in age (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.34; 95% CI=1.23–1.44), family history of hypertension (AOR=2.22; 95% CI=1.37–3.60) and obesity (AOR=2.57; 95% CI=1.40–4.69) were associated with higher odds of hypertension after controlling for confounding. The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 37.2% (95% CI=31.0–43.9), 20.9% (95% CI=16.0–26.9) and 22.2% (95% CI=12.2– 37.0), respectively.ConclusionThe high prevalence of hypertension in these rural communities is associated with contrastingly low awareness, treatment and control rates. Age, family history of hypertension and obesity are the major drivers of hypertension in this community. Veracious policies are needed to improve awareness, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control of hypertension in these rural communities.

scholarly journals Study on Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension at Sipaghat of Sindhupalchowk District, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Naresh Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular syndrome arising from complex and interrelated etiologies. Males have slightly higher prevalence than female in most of countries of Southeast-Asian region.Objective: The objective of study is to find out prevalence and the risk factors of hypertension at Sipaghat, Sindhulchowk, Nepal.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sipaghat of Sindhupalchowk district in May 2016 and 260 persons were selected randomly. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was higher in male (25.4%) than female (17.4%). Mean age of study population was 42.08 years with standard deviation, 15.95 years. Variables namely age group, smoking, alcohol consumption and family history of hypertension were found to be significant at 5 percent level of significance. Alcohol consumption and smokers have more than two times higher chance of getting hypertension compared to alcohol non-consumer and nonsmoker with 95% confidence intervals were 1.08-4.80 and 1.21-6.10, respectively. Persons with family history of hypertension have 3.8 times more chance of getting hypertension compared to no family history of hypertension with 1.89-7.61 of 95% confidence interval.Conclusion: Lifestyle modification reduces blood pressure which prevents or delays the incidence of hypertension. Hypertension can be controlled and prevented by modifying the lifestyle. People should be advised to avoid modifiable risk factors of hypertension like smoking, consumption of alcohol and physical inactivity through health education programs.Nepalese Journal of Statistics, 2017, Vol. 1, 73-82

Prevalence of hypertension among school going adolescent boys in Najafgarh, Delhi, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Singh ◽  
Anita Verma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

AbstractIntroductionHypertension is a global epidemic. Hypertension has become an increasingly important medical problem in children and adolescents. Evidence shows that hypertension begins in childhood and its associated risk factors like obesity, unhealthy eating habits also emerge in children of school going age.ObjectivesTo study the prevalence of hypertension among school going adolescent boys in Najafgarh, Delhi and to find out the factors associated with hypertension among them.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was planned in which a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from the study participants. A total of 600 adolescent boys of 9th to 12th classes from four different schools in Delhi, were included in the study over a period of 12 months. Blood pressure, height, weight and waist circumference were measured for all children. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0 and for qualitative data analysis a chi-square (χ2) test was used.ResultsThe mean age of study subjects was 15.1 years. The majority of the study subjects, 372 (62%), were in the age group of 14–16 years. Among the study subjects, 44 (7.3%) had pre-hypertension and 26 (4.3%) had hypertension. Hypertension was significantly higher in those with a family history of hypertension and who were overweight/obese.ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension was significantly high among adolescents of Delhi. Obesity and family history of hypertension were identified as important risk factors prevalent in the study population.

scholarly journals Study of anthropometric indices and it’s co-relation with blood pressure in young healthy individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Sano Maleth Zachariah ◽  
Swati Manikrao Mahajan ◽  
Rajesh Keshavrao Dase
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Neck Circumference ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Background: Overweight and obesity are shown to be independent risk factors for hypertension by several epidemiological studies. A practical, inexpensive and easily performed method for evaluation of body fat is anthropometry. Hence the present study was undertaken to explore association between anthropometric indices and blood pressure and determine efficacy of neck circumference to identify overweight subjects and define NC cutoff levels for overweight and obesity.Methods: Cross sectional, comparative study conducted on apparently healthy medical college students, 150 having parental history of hypertension and 150 without a parental history of hypertension. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist- height ratio, and blood pressure were measured. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: Prevalence of pre-hypertension is 42.33%. 54.33% pre-hypertensive subjects had family history of hypertension but there is no statistically significant association between family history of hypertension and pre-hypertension. Neck circumference correlated with BMI, WC, W/H ratio (p<0.05) indicating that NC could be a useful screening tool. NC cutoff values determining overweight & obesity in this study is >33.30 cm in females and >37.15 cm in males. 61.76% and 38.98% pre-hypertensive males and females respectively have BMI above 25Kg/m² in comparison to 19.51% normotensive males and 20.88% normotensive females.Conclusions: Study reveals development of hypertension is attributable to overweight and obesity and no statistically significant relationship has been established between family history of hypertension and risk for developing hypertension. NC>37.15cm for males and >33.30 cm for females was the best cut off levels for determining overweight/obese subjects.

scholarly journals Inter-arm blood pressure difference in healthy young adults: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Dilli Bahadur Pun ◽  
Sonam Chaudhary ◽  
Prashanna Shrestha ◽  
Bobby Thapa ◽  
Nirjala Laxmi Madhikarmi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Family History ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Pressure Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Introduction: Inter-arm difference (IAD) in blood pressure is the difference in the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure between arms of an individual. Studies regarding IAD among elderly, pregnant women, patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes have been conducted but there are very limited studies carried out among young healthy adults. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the inter-arm blood pressure difference and its association with age, sex, BMI and family history of hypertension among Nepalese healthy young adults. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 230 students of Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal. Blood pressure was measured using a mercurial sphygmomanometer. Statistical analysis was done using paired t test, chi-square and Pearson’s correlation test using SPSS 16. Results: The absolute mean IAD for SBP was 5.03±3.88 mm Hg and for DBP was 3.84±3.77 mm Hg. There is significant inter-arm difference for SBP (t=4.882, p<0.001) but not for DBP. Inter-arm SBP difference was significantly associated with family history of hypertension (χ2 = 6.41, p=0.01) and positive but weakly correlated with age (r = +0.135, p=0.04). There is no significant association of inter-arm SBP difference with sex and BMI. Meanwhile, there is no statistically significant association of sex, family history of hypertension, age and BMI with inter-arm DBP. Conclusions: There is a significant inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference among the healthy young Nepalese adults and it is associated with the positive family history of hypertension and age.

scholarly journals Interaction of lipid accumulation product and family history of hypertension on hypertension risk: a cross-sectional study in the Southern Chinese population

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e029253
Author(s):  
JunXuan Huang ◽  
XinYu Bao ◽  
YiXian Xie ◽  
XiaoXia Zhang ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Lipid Accumulation Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

ObjectivesThis study aimed at investigating the applicability of a novel index based on waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG) which was named lipid accumulation product (LAP) in the Southern Chinese population, and compared the predictive effects of LAP and other obesity indicators on hypertension risk. Moreover, this study investigated the interactive effects of LAP and family history of hypertension.MethodsA total number of 2079 of community-dwelling adults in Southern China were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The participants underwent questionnaire surveys, anthropometric tests and laboratory examinations. Themultinomial logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curves, including LAP, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), WC and TG, were used to assess the association between hypertension risk and obesity indexes. The interaction effects were evaluated by relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI).ResultsHigher LAP levels have a relatively higher risk of having hypertension in both sexes (males: adjusted OR=2.79 per SD increase, 95% CI 1.43 to 5.44, p<0.001; females: adjusted OR=3.15, 95% CI 1.56 to 6.39, p<0.001). LAP (area under the curve=0.721; 95% CI 0.680 to 0.761) is a better indicator in identifying hypertension risk than BMI, WHR and TG in females, but WC performed better in males. A significant interaction between LAP and family history of hypertension was observed in males (RERI=1.652, 95% CI 0.267 to 3.037; AP=0.516, 95% CI 0.238 to 0.794; SI=3.998, 95% CI 0.897 to 17.820), but there is no statistically significant difference in females.ConclusionsLAP significantly associates with hypertension risk in the Southern Chinese population. It has better performance than BMI, WHR and TG on predicting hypertension risk of the Southern Chinese female population. Moreover, LAP and family history of hypertension might synergistically increase the risk of hypertension.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among secondary school students

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Jamal Qaddumi ◽  
Margo Holm ◽  
Abdullah Alkhawaldeh ◽  
Mohammed Albashtawy ◽  
Omar AL Omari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Hypertension and pre-hypertension are major contributors to morbidity. Early detection of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents may prevent their complications. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents attending government high schools in Nablus city, Palestine and to identify associated factors, in a sample of 487 adolescents aged 16-18 years in the year 2016. Associations between hypertension, pre-hypertension and known contributing factors were analyzed with Chi-square tests.The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension were 59.2%. Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly associated with a greater prevalence of hypertension (normal weight 13.1%, overweight 33.3%, and obesity 54.8 %) and pre-hypertension (normal weight 40.4%, overweight 47.4% and obesity 40.5%).The results confirmed a prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents. Of known contributing factors studied, gender, age, BMI, and family history of hypertension were significantly associated with a greater prevalence of hypertension or pre-hypertension.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Medical Students of Enam Medical College, Savar, Dhaka

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Noortaj Begum ◽  
Jakia Sultana Shila ◽  
Sabreena Mohtarin ◽  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
Rukhsana Parvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Background: Overweight and obesity are recognized as “escalating epidemics” affecting both developed and developing countries. Of the factors contributing to obesity, stress seems to be particularly important as stressful condition leads to irregularity in diet, lack of exercise and addiction. Medical students are exposed to a lot of stress throughout their education. Hence, this study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity among undergraduate medical students. Objectives: The present cross-sectional study was intended to find out the prevalence of overweight/obesity among medical students of Enam Medical College and its association with their sociodemographic and life-style pattern. Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted among medical students in Enam Medical College, Savar, Dhaka from March to July 2017. A total of 283 1st and 2nd year MBBS students were included in the study. After getting permission from college authority and concerned Ethical Committee data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire containing the variables of interest. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were noted. Data were analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 16.0. Results: In the present study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.2% and 6.0% respectively. Males were found more overweight or obese (70.1%) compared to females (29.9%) (p=0.041). No other sociodemographic variables were found associated with overweight or obesity. Family history of obesity was observed for evaluation of overweight/obesity among the respondents (p=0.018) although family history of hypertension and/or diabetes did not influence the overweight/ obesity. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the overweight/obese group were higher than their normal counterparts (p=0.003 and p=0.002). There was no association between BMI and behavioral variables such as exercise, sleep, entertainment and food behavior. Conclusion: More than one-quarter of the undergraduate medical students are overweight or obese and overweight or obesity are more predominant in males. Overweight and obese students generally have family history of overweight or obesity. Behavioural factors such as taking exercise, time spent on sleep and entertainment and food habit are not associated with BMI. J Enam Med Col 2020; 10(2): 86-92

scholarly journals Correlation between obesity with atopy and family history of atopy in children

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Putria Rayani Apandi ◽  
Budi Setiabudiawan ◽  
Abdurachman Sukadi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

Background The prevalence of childhood obesity and atopy has increased in recent decades. Research on links between obesity and atopy has shown varied results. Few previous studies have reported on the significance of family history of atopic disease in children.Objective To determine correlation between obesity with atopy and family history of atopic disease in children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2010 in the Pediatric Allergy-Immunology subdivision, Hasan Sadikin Hospital. Children aged 6−11 years were divided into four groups of 40 each: obese subjects with and without family history of atopic disease, and normal weight subjects with and without family history of atopic disease. Skin prick test was performed to determine which subjects had atopy. Chi-square test was used to analyze mutual independence, and partial Chi-square test was used to analyze correlation of obesity to atopy and family history of atopic disease in children. Environmental factors, type of childbirth, and pregnancy history were also analyzed as risk factors for atopy.Results Of 80 obese children with and without family history of atopic disease, 40 (100%) and 38 (95%), respectively, were atopic. Of 80 normal weight children with and without family history of atopic disease, 39 (98%) and 9 (23%), respectively, were atopic. Thus atopy was observed in 126 subjects, while the remaining 34 subjects were non-atopic. Partial test showed a correlation between obesity with atopy and family history of atopic disease (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in risk factors for atopy by group.Conclusion Obesity correlates with atopy and family history of atopic disease in children.

Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-patients in Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Daniel Vargas-Pacherrez ◽  
Helma P. Cotrim ◽  
Leonardo Pires ◽  
Vitor Cunha ◽  
Vitor Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV/AIDS varies from 20% to 33%. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in a group of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with HIV-infected patients from a reference center in Bahia, Brazil. We evaluated clinical, socio-demographic and anthropometric data. MS was defined according to the guidelines of International Diabetes Federation. Results: We evaluated 152 patients with mean age of 47.3±11.6 years, 59.2% male. The main comorbidities detected were diabetes (3.3%) hypertriglyceridemia (9.3%) and metabolic syndrome (MS,38.2%). Patients with MS were predominantly women (55.2% vs 31.9%; p=0.005), older [52.1 (10.4) vs 44.3 (11.3); p<0.001], and had overweight (74.1% vs 23.4%; p<0.001). After multivariate analysis MS remained associated with age (OR = 1.076; 95% CI: 1.030 – 1.125), female sex (OR = 2.452; 95% CI: 1.114 – 5.374) and family history of hypertension (OR = 3.678; 95% CI: 1.431 – 9.395). Conclusion: Almost half of the HIV-infected patients in Bahia presents with MS which seems to be driven by classical risk factors.

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