scholarly journals Evaluation of Active Tectonics in Northwest of Saveh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Rezaeinahal ◽  
Mohsen PourKermani ◽  
Mehdy Zare ◽  
Maryam Dehbozorgi ◽  
Reza Nozaem
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
The North ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Gis Software

Abstract The northwest zone of Saveh city is located in the fault zone of the Indes, Koosh e Nosrat, Avaj and Aipak. Indes faults, Cox Nosrat, Avaj and Aipak are considered as the major faults of central Iran, which are also active in the Quaternary and the last movements of these faults are attributed to the present covenant, therefore, the estimation of morphometri in order to identify the effect of active tectonics on the tectonic evolution of drainage basins seems necessary. Therefore, in this study, six important morphotectonic indexes were analyzed; longitudinal gradient of the river, asymmetry of drainage basin, hypometric integral, Drainage basin shape,the ratio of the width of the floor to the height of the valley and forehead of the mountain is discussed.to create the basins on the studied area, Arc Hydro software (Arc GIS software) has been used based on data from a digital elevation model, Then, 6 morphotectonic indexes have been compiled and classified on each of the basins.Finally, according to which the region has been classified into 4 categories of high, medium and low tectonic activity the, Active Tectonic Index (IAT) has been calculated.According to the IAT index, 5% of the study area shows very high tectonic activity, 25% of the studied area has high tectonic activity, the average tectonic activity has 65% and about 5% of the tectonic activity are low. In this study, the highest level of tectonic activity is in the north-eastern part of the region. In most of the sectors, the level of activity is high and moderate, which is related to the activity of Koshk E Nosrat, Aipak, Avaj faults.

scholarly journals Drainage basin morphometry: a global snapshot from the shuttle radar topography mission

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2091-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Guth
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Basin Morphometry ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract. A suite of 42 morphometric parameters for each of 26 272 drainage basins larger than 100 km2 from the Hydrosheds Shuttle Radar Topography digital elevation model shows the global distribution of Strahler order for streams and drainage basins. At the scale of 15 arc s spacing (232 to 464 m) the largest basins are order 9. Many common parameters depend both on the size of the basin, and the scale of the digital elevation model used for the computations. These drainage basins display the typical longitudinal stream profiles, but the major basins tend to be generally more concave than the smaller basins.

scholarly journals Evidence of Hierarchy in the Drainage Basins Size Distribution of Greece Derived from ASTER GDEM-v2 Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Filippos Vallianatos ◽  
Maria Kouli
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Tsallis Entropy ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Aster Gdem ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Of Greece

The drainage basins of Greece are analyzed in terms of hierarchy and discussed in view of Tsallis Entropy. This concept has been successfully used in a variety of complex systems, where fractality, memory and long-range interactions are dominant. The analysis indicates that the statistical distribution of drainage basins’ area in Greece, presents a hierarchical pattern that can be viewed within the frame of non-extensive statistical physics. Our work was based on the analysis of the ASTER GDEM v2 Digital Elevation Model of Greece, which offers a 30 m resolution, creating an accurate drainage basins’ database. Analyzing the drainage size (e.g., drainage basin area)-frequency distribution we discuss the connection of the observed power law exponents with the Tsallis entropic parameters, demonstrating the hierarchy observed in drainage areas for the set created for all over Greece and the subsets of drainages in the internal and external Hellenides that are the main tectonic structures in Greece. Furthermore, we discuss in terms of Tsallis entropy, the hierarchical patterns observed when the drainages are classified according to their relief or the Topographic Position Index (TPI). The deviation of distribution from power law for large drainages area is discussed.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Geomorphology of the Drainage Basins Along the Greater Khingan Mountains in NE China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Lin ◽  
Xuemei Li ◽  
Zifa Ma
Keyword(s):  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
Geomorphic Features ◽  
Elevation Model

Drainage basins are fundamental elements of the earth’s surface, and quantifying their geomorphic features is essential to understand the interaction between tectonics, climatic, and surface processes. In this study, 40 basins of the Greater Khingan Mountains were selected for hypsometric analysis using a 90-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model. The hypsometric integral values range from 0.13 to 0.44, with an average value of 0.30, and most hypsometric curves exhibit remarkable downward concave shapes. This feature indicates that most drainage basins and the landscape of the Greater Khingan Mountains are approaching the old-age development stage, consistent with the present moderately stable tectonic activity. The spatial distribution of the χ values is characterized by unambiguously higher values on the western flank than those on the eastern flank in the middle and southern segments of the Greater Khingan Mountains. We interpret this as an indicator of the disequilibrium across the main divide. The interpolation of the erosion rates and channel steepness for the catchments on both sides of the Greater Khingan Mountains revealed westward divide migration, which is consistent with the lower χ values, a higher slope, and local relief observed along the eastern flanks. Considering the long-term tectonic evolution pattern between the Greater Khingan Mountains and Songliao Basin, the landscape decay and slow westward divide migration were mostly driven by the inherited Cenozoic tectonics and precipitation gradient across East Asia.

التحليل الهيدرولوجي لحوض وادي بادوش بأستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (138) ◽  
pp. 389-420
Author(s):  
Sundas Jumaa Hussein AL-Jboory ◽  
Fawaz Hameed Hamo Al-Naish
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Elevation Model

تعد الدراسات الهيدرومورفومترية من احدى الاتجاهات الرئيسية والحديثة في دراسة الاحواض النهرية، والتي تعنى بالتحليل الكمي (العددي) لخصائص شكل الارض وايجاد العلاقات الرياضية التي تربط بين الطوبوغرافية وشبكات التصريف المائية، تهدف الدراسة الى استخدام تقنية نظم المعلومات الجغرافية في الكشف عن الخصائص الهيدرولوجية لحوض وادي بادوش والوديان الثانوية، والمتمثلة بالخصائص المساحية والشكلية والتضاريسية وخصائص الشبكة التصريفية، فضلا عن أنماط التصريف لبناء قاعدة معلومات جغرافية رقمية للحوض. اعتمدت الدراسة على ايجاد الخصائص الهيدرومورفومترية للأحواض الثانوية لحوض وادي بادوش بالاعتماد على نموذج الارتفاعات الرقمية للمنطقة (Digital Elevation Model) (DEM) وباستخدام برنامج Arc Map)) في نظام Arc GIS v.10.8))، تم اتباع المنهج التحليلي لوديان منطقة الدراسة والمنهج الكمي الذي يهدف الى تطبيق المعايير والمقاييس الكمية في تحليل العمليات الهيدرولوجية، حيث تم انتاج خريطة الشبكة النهرية والتي صنفت بحسب طريقة ستريلر الى مراتبها النهرية لحوض منطقة الدراسة. بلغت مساحة الحوض الكلية (329.95) كم2، وكما بلغ عدد المراتب النهرية ستة مراتب نهرية، وقد تباينت شبكة المجاري المائية في اعدادها واطوالها بحسب مراتبها، اما مجموع شبكة المجاري المائية (734) مجرى، والتي كان مجموع اطوالها (711.06) كم، وحيث بلغ التباين في اطوالها واعداها بسبب عمليات تكوينها ونشأتها فضلا عن التباين في الخصائص التضاريسية للحوض.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of North American drainage basins and river discharge since the Last Glacial Maximum

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Wickert
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Isostatic Adjustment ◽  
The North ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. Over the last glacial cycle, ice sheets and the resultant glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) rearranged river systems. As these riverine threads that tied the ice sheets to the sea were stretched, severed, and restructured, they also shrank and swelled with the pulse of meltwater inputs and time-varying drainage basin areas, and sometimes delivered enough meltwater to the oceans in the right places to influence global climate. Here I present a general method to compute past river flow paths, drainage basin geometries, and river discharges, by combining models of past ice sheets, glacial isostatic adjustment, and climate. The result is a time series of synthetic paleohydrographs and drainage basin maps from the Last Glacial Maximum to present for nine major drainage basins – the Mississippi, Rio Grande, Colorado, Columbia, Mackenzie, Hudson Bay, Saint Lawrence, Hudson, and Susquehanna/Chesapeake Bay. These are based on five published reconstructions of the North American ice sheets. I compare these maps with drainage reconstructions and discharge histories based on a review of observational evidence, including river deposits and terraces, isotopic records, mineral provenance markers, glacial moraine histories, and evidence of ice stream and tunnel valley flow directions. The sharp boundaries of the reconstructed past drainage basins complement the flexurally smoothed GIA signal that is more often used to validate ice-sheet reconstructions, and provide a complementary framework to reduce nonuniqueness in model reconstructions of the North American ice-sheet complex.

scholarly journals Glacial debris cover and melt water production for glaciers in the Altay, Russia

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mayer ◽  
A. Lambrecht ◽  
W. Hagg ◽  
Y. Narozhny
Keyword(s):  
Ice Melt ◽  
The North ◽  
Altay Mountains ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Glacier Runoff ◽  
Debris Cover ◽  
Continuous Mass ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract. Glaciers are important water storages on a seasonal and long-term time scale. Where high mountains are surrounded by arid lowlands, glacier runoff is an important source of water during the growing season. This situation can be found in the Altay mountains in Southern Siberia, where the recent glacierization of >700 km2 is subject to continuous mass loss, even though the shrinking is comparably slow. The glacier retreat is accompanied by an extension of supra-glacial moraine, which itself strongly influences ablation rates. To quantify these effects, the spatial evolution of debris cover since 1952 was analysed for three glaciers in the North Chuya Ridge using satellite and airborne imagery. In summer 2007, an ablation experiment was carried out on debris covered parts of Maliy Aktru glacier. Thermistors in different depths within the moraine provided data to calculate thermal resistance of the debris. A set of ablation stakes was installed at locations with differing debris thickness and observed regularly throughout the entire melt season. Air temperature from an AWS was used to calculate degree day factors in dependence of the debris thickness. To take into account the shading effect of surrounding walls and peaks, the potential solar radiation and its evolution throughout the summer was determined from a digital elevation model. This allows us to extrapolate our measurements from Maliy Aktru to the other two glaciers of the Aktru basin and to estimate basin melt rates. In addition accumulated ice melt was derived for 12 glaciers in the North Chuya Range. Changes in summer runoff from the 1960s are compared to the results from our melt model and the evolution of debris cover is analysed in respect to the melt activity.

scholarly journals Terrain-Based Shadow Correction Method for Assessing Supraglacial Features on the Greenland Ice Sheet

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha. Z. Leidman ◽  
Åsa K. Rennermalm ◽  
Richard G. Lathrop ◽  
Matthew. G. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Sediment Cover ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Uav Images ◽  
Gis Software

The presence of shadows in remotely sensed images can reduce the accuracy of land surface classifications. Commonly used methods for removing shadows often use multi-spectral image analysis techniques that perform poorly for dark objects, complex geometric models, or shaded relief methods that do not account for shadows cast on adjacent terrain. Here we present a new method of removing topographic shadows using readily available GIS software. The method corrects for cast shadows, reduces the amount of over-correction, and can be performed on imagery of any spectral resolution. We demonstrate this method using imagery collected with an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) over a supraglacial stream catchment in southwest Greenland. The structure-from-motion digital elevation model showed highly variable topography resulting in substantial shadowing and variable reflectance values for similar surface types. The distribution of bare ice, sediment, and water within the catchment was determined using a supervised classification scheme applied to the corrected and original UAV images. The correction resulted in an insignificant change in overall classification accuracy, however, visual inspection showed that the corrected classification more closely followed the expected distribution of classes indicating that shadow correction can aid in identification of glaciological features hidden within shadowed regions. Shadow correction also caused a substantial decrease in the areal coverage of dark sediment. Sediment cover was highly dependent on the degree of shadow correction (k coefficient), yet, for a correction coefficient optimized to maximize shadow brightness without over-exposing illuminated surfaces, terrain correction resulted in a 49% decrease in the area covered by sediment and a 29% increase in the area covered by water. Shadow correction therefore reduces the overestimation of the dark surface coverage due to shadowing and is a useful tool for investigating supraglacial processes and land cover change over a wide variety of complex terrain.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Digital Elevation Model-Based Slope Stability Assessment on Managed Forestland in the Oregon Coast Range

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Marvin R. Pyles ◽  
Mari Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Stability Assessment ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The North ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract An aerial photo-based inventory of landslides on recently harvested and reforested land after a significant landslide-producing storm in February 1996, was compared with a digital elevation model-based assessment of slope stability (shallow landsliding stability model [SHALSTAB]) for Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians (CTSI) and surrounding forestland. The SHALSTAB predictions of landslide locations did not correlate well with the locations of observed landslides. Eighty-nine percent of the landslides on the more stable landform in the southern portion of the CTSI ownership occurred on land that SHALSTAB indicated to be at a low risk of landsliding. Seventy-two percent of the landslides on the less stable landform to the north occurred on land that SHALSTAB indicated to be at a low risk of landsliding. Conversely, only 11 and 28%, respectively, of the observed landslides occurred on lands predicted to be “chronically unstable” or at “high risk” by SHALSTAB. This level of correct prediction of landsliding was judged to be unacceptable for SHALSTAB to be used for slope stability assessment as a part of forest management planning. West. J. Appl. For. 21(4):195–202.

scholarly journals Geodetic work at the archaeological site Tell el-Retaba

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Eva Stopková
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Modern Technologies

The paper summarizes the geodetic contribution for the Slovak team within the joint Polish-Slovak archaeological mission at Tell el-Retaba in Egypt. Surveying work at archaeological excavations is usually influenced by somewhat specific subject of study and extreme conditions, especially at the missions in the developing countries. The case study describes spatial data development according to the archaeological conventions in order to document spatial relationships between the objects in excavated trenches. The long-term sustainability of surveying work at the site has been ensured by detailed metadata recording. Except the trench mapping, Digital Elevation Model has been calculated for the study area and for the north-eastern part of the site, with promising preliminary results for further detection and modelling of archaeological structures. In general, topographic mapping together with modern technologies like Photogrammetry, Satellite Imagery, and Remote Sensing provide valuable data sources for spatial and statistical modelling of the sites; and the results offer a different perspective for the archaeological research.

scholarly journals Improving estimation of glacier volume change: a GLIMS case study of Bering Glacier System, Alaska

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Beedle ◽  
M. Dyurgerov ◽  
W. Tangborn ◽  
S. J. S. Khalsa ◽  
C. Helm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Glacier System ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Bering Glacier ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Dependent Mass

Abstract. The Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project has developed tools and methods that can be employed by analysts to create accurate glacier outlines. To illustrate the importance of accurate glacier outlines and the effectiveness of GLIMS standards we conducted a case study on Bering Glacier System (BGS), Alaska. BGS is a complex glacier system aggregated from multiple drainage basins, numerous tributaries, and many accumulation areas. Published measurements of BGS surface area vary from 1740 to 6200 km2, depending on how the boundaries of this system have been defined. Utilizing GLIMS tools and standards we have completed a new outline (3630 km2) and analysis of the area-altitude distribution (hypsometry) of BGS using Landsat images from 2000 and 2001 and a US Geological Survey 15-min digital elevation model. We compared this new hypsometry with three different hypsometries to illustrate the errors that result from the widely varying estimates of BGS extent. The use of different BGS hypsometries results in highly variable measures of volume change and net balance (bn). Applying a simple hypsometry-dependent mass-balance model to different hypsometries results in a bn rate range of −1.0 to −3.1 m a−1 water equivalent (W.E.), a volume change range of −3.8 to −6.7 km3 a−1 W.E., and a near doubling in contributions to sea level equivalent, 0.011 mm a−1 to 0.019 mm a−1. Current inaccuracies in glacier outlines hinder our ability to correctly quantify glacier change. Understanding of glacier extents can become comprehensive and accurate. Such accuracy is possible with the increasing volume of satellite imagery of glacierized regions, recent advances in tools and standards, and dedication to this important task.

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