scholarly journals Co-composting of green waste, food waste and phosphoric rock. Comparison of two-stage composting with traditional composting.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Maria Hernandez-Gomez ◽  
Marcos Ríos ◽  
Anauribeth Portela ◽  
Viviana Sánchez-Torres ◽  
Isabel Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
End Products

Abstract Green waste (GW) co-composting has limitations due to the content of slowly degradable compounds (i.e. lignocellulosic substances). The introduction of amendment and bulking materials has improved organic matter degradation and end-product quality. However, recent studies have included additional strategies such as two-stage composting (TSC). This research evaluates the effect of TSC on the process and end-product quality of co-composting of GW, food waste, sawdust and phosphoric rock. In our knowledge, TSC has not been studied together with strategies like the addition of co-substrates such as FW and phosphoric rock to improve GW composting. A pilot-scale study was developed using two triplicate treatments: TA: TSC and TB: Traditional composting. The two treatments used the same mixture (wet weight): 46% GW, 19% unprocessed food waste, 18% processed food waste, 13% sawdust, and 4% phosphoric rock. TB had a higher degradation rate of organic matter during the mesophilic and thermophilic phases compared to TA. This is related to the higher temperatures for longer periods during these two phases, with a higher degradation of volatile solids. Nonetheless, during the cooling and maturation phases, the two treatments had similar behavior on temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity with ash and lignin contents without significant differences at the end of the process. End-products in both treatments lacked statistically significant differences and fulfill quality criteria for use as soil improvers. However, end-products from traditional composting had lower nutrient content (NTotal and PTotal) that can be associated with nitrogen volatilization or the use of nutrients by the microorganisms during the active process phases. These results indicate that at the end of the process, there were no significant differences in the total processing time, degradation rate or end-product quality among TSC and traditional composting. Evaluation of complementary strategies must continue to improve GW composting.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Two-Stage and Traditional Co-Composting of Green Waste and Food Waste Amended with Phosphate Rock and Sawdust

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña ◽  
Angélica María Hernández-Gómez ◽  
Marcos Ríos ◽  
Anauribeth Portela ◽  
Viviana Sánchez-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Two Phases

The composting of green waste (GW) proceeds slowly due to the presence of slowly degradable compounds in that substrate. The introduction of amendments and bulking materials can improve organic matter degradation and end-product quality. However, additional strategies such as two-stage composting, can deal with the slow degradation of green waste. This paper evaluates the effect of two-stage composting on the process and end-product quality of the co-composting of green waste and food waste amended with sawdust and phosphate rock. A pilot-scale study was developed using two treatments (in triplicate each), one being a two-stage composting and the other being a traditional composting. The two treatments used the same mixture (wet weight): 46% green waste, 19% unprocessed food waste, 18% processed food waste, 13% sawdust, and 4% phosphate rock. The traditional composting observed a higher degradation rate of organic matter during the mesophilic and thermophilic phases and observed thermophilic temperatures were maintained for longer periods during these two phases compared to two-stage composting (i.e., six days). Nonetheless, during the cooling and maturation phases, the two treatments had similar behaviors with regard to temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity, and the end-products resulting from both treatments did not statistically differ. Therefore, from this study, it is concluded that other additional complementary strategies must be evaluated to further improve GW composting.

Comparative study of methanogens in one- and two-stage anaerobic digester treating food waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kinnunen ◽  
Daniel Hilderbrandt ◽  
Stefan Grimberg ◽  
Shane Rogers ◽  
Sumona Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Stage

AbstractChanges in methanogenic archaea were investigated in pilot-scale experiments during one- and two-stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste. Methane yields were 379.7±75.3 liters of methane per kg of volatile solids [L-CH4(kg-VS)−1] added to the system, during one-stage operation, and 446±922 L-CH4(kg-VS)−1added during two-stage operation. Populations of methanogenic archaea were monitored quantitatively by targeting the functional gene for methyl-coenzyme-M reductase (mcrA) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques. During one-stage operation, meanmcrAgene concentrations were 2.48×109±2.7×109copies ml−1. Two-stage operation yielded meanmcrAgene concentrations of 9.85×108±8.2×108copies ml−1in the fermentation and 1.76×1010±8.5×109copies ml−1in the methanogenesis reactors, respectively. Diversity of archaea in the methanogenic reactors was investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis targeting the V3 region of 16S rRNA of archaea. The Shannon index (H) was 2.98 for one-stage operation and 7.29 for two-stage operation, suggesting greater archaeal diversity in the two-stage AD. The fivefold increase in methanogenic archaea populations during the two-stage operation, as indicated bymcrAgene concentration, corresponded to an increase in methane production rates. While the diversity may also be related to the stability of the microbial bioprocesses and improved methane production rates, the correlation between diversity and production rates should be studied further.

scholarly journals Evaluation and influence of composts and their organic matter on the growth of spring barley

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrė Višniauskė ◽  
Eugenija Bakšienė ◽  
Romas Mažeika
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Waste Sewage Sludge

Pot trial experiments were conducted with the aim of determining organic matter composition and the influence on the growth of spring barley of different types of composts. The plants were grown in 6 l vegetative pots on the experimental site of the LRCAF Agrochemical Research Laboratory. Compost with soil were mixed by the following volume – 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Spring barley was grown for two years – in 2015 and 2016. This experiment investigated green waste and food waste, sewage sludge and biogas production waste. The largest amounts of organic matter, organic and total carbon, and total nitrogen were found in the biogas production waste compost. The minimum contents of organic matter and other nutrients were estimated in the green waste compost. The following biometric measurements on spring barley were taken: plant height, 1 000 grain weight and grain yield. The best growth of barley was in the substrate with biogas production waste in 2015 – plant height 43.7–53.7 cm, 1 000 grain weight 45.6–49.2 g, grain yield per pot 19.1–23.0 g, and the minimum contents were in the green waste substrate. In 2016, the best results were obtained in the substrates with green and food waste compost. The nitrogen content was determined in spring barley grain and straw. In 2015, the total nitrogen content in plant grains and straw was increased by the substrate of biogas production waste, and in 2016 it was increased by the substrate of food waste, sewage sludge and biogas production waste.

Pilot-scale two-stage process: a combination of acidogenic hydrogenesis and methanogenesis

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-K. Han ◽  
S.-H. Kim ◽  
H.-W. Kim ◽  
H.-S. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
High Loading Rate ◽  
Stage Process

This study was performed to optimize both acidogenic hydrogenesis and methanogenesis, and then to develop a pilot-scale two-stage process producing not only CH4 but also H2. Firstly, acidogenic hydrogenesis of food waste was examined in pilot-scale leaching-bed reactors using dilution rate (D) as a tool to improve the environmental conditions. The maximum efficiency of 71.4% was obtained by adjusting D from 4.5 to 2.5 d−1 depending on the state of degradation. Secondly, the wastewater from acidogenic hydrogenesis was converted to CH4 in a pilot-scale UASB reactor. The COD removal efficiency exceeded 95% up to the loading rates of 13.1 g COD/L/d, which corresponded to HRT of 0.25 d (6 h). Lastly, a pilot-scale two-stage process was devised based on a combination of acidogenic hydrogenesis and methanogenesis. Over 120 days, the pilot-scale process resulted in large VS reduction of 70.9% at the high loading rate of 12.5 kg VS/m3/d in a short SRT of 8 days.

Food Waste Digestion for Hydrogen Production Using a Single-Phase Reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1683-1686
Author(s):  
Huan Li ◽  
Shu Xin Zou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Solid Retention Time ◽  
Ph Adjustment

A single-phase reactor was applied to food waster digestion for hydrogen production in order to test its feasibility. Different solid retention time (SRT) and pH adjustment modes were tried in a series of semi-continuous experiments. The results showed that it was necessary to take some precautions including a long SRT and a proper pH adjustment mode so as to avoid the excessive acidification in single-phase digesters. When lime milk was added into the digester to adjust pH to about 7 once a day, the food waste digester, which had a SRT of 20 days and a feed concentration of 4%, can produce hydrogen steadily. The hydrogen content was 27.6-51.3% and the degradation rate of food waste organic matter was 54%.

Reduce odor and NH3 emission: condensation of the carbonatation vapors

2017 ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
Nico Antens ◽  
Jan L.M. Struijs
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Plant Trials ◽  
Contact Condensation

At beet sugar production, vapors from first and second carbonatation contain a significant amount of odor components, NH3 and waste heat, which are normally directly released into the environment. Due to sustainability motivations, obligations regarding odor nuisance and expected stricter regulations regarding NH3 emission limits, Suiker Unie decided to take measures to reduce emission via the carbonatation vapors. During the 2015 beet campaign, pilot scale plant trials have been performed to investigate the effectiveness of indirect contact and direct contact condensation of these vapors. Based on this experimental work a two-stage gas scrubbing concept was designed: in the first stage main goal is condensing the vapors and reuse the heat of condensation to heat up limed juice, while the actual scrubbing takes place in the second scrubber. This two-stage gas scrubbing installation has been built at the Vierverlaten factory and was started up in the 2016 beet campaign. The background, pilot scale trials, concept of design and achieved reductions in odor and NH3 emission at industrial scale are discussed.

Hydrolysis of organic wastewater particles in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilm reactors under anoxic and aerobic conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Janning ◽  
X. Le Tallec ◽  
P. Harremoës
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis and degradation of particulate organic matter has been isolated and investigated in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilters. Wastewater was supplied to biofilm reactors in order to accumulate particulates from wastewater in the filter. When synthetic wastewater with no organic matter was supplied to the reactors, hydrolysis of the particulates was the only process occurring. Results from the laboratory scale experiments under aerobic conditions with pre-settled wastewater show that the initial removal rate is high: rV, O2 = 2.1 kg O2/(m3 d) though fast declining towards a much slower rate. A mass balance of carbon (TOC/TIC) shows that only 10% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 12 hour long experiment. The pilot scale hydrolysis experiment was performed in a new type of biofilm reactor - the B2A® biofilter that is characterised by a series of decreasing sized granular media (80-2.5 mm). When hydrolysis experiments were performed on the anoxic pilot biofilter with pre-screened wastewater particulates as carbon source, a rapid (rV, NO3=0.7 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) and a slowler (rV, NO3 = 0.3 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) removal rate were observed at an oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg O2/l. It was found that the pilot biofilter could retain significant amounts of particulate organic matter, reducing the porosity of the filter media of an average from 0.35 to 0.11. A mass balance of carbon shows that up to 40% of the total incoming TOC accumulates in the filter at high flow rates. Only up to 15% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 24 hour long experiment.

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