scholarly journals Citations and publication rate of preprints on pharmacological interventions for COVID-19: The good, the bad and, the ugly.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Nicolalde ◽  
Diego Añazco ◽  
Mariam Mushtaq ◽  
Isabel Espinosa ◽  
Jimena Gimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Publication Rate ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Result Section ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Study Type ◽  
Number Of Citations

Abstract Background: Preprints are preliminary reports that have not been peer-reviewed. On December 2019, a novel coronavirus appeared in China, and since then, scientific production, including preprints, has drastically increased. In this study, we intend to evaluate how often preprints regarding pharmacological interventions against COVID-19 were cited, in spite of the fact that some of these preprints remained unpublished.Methods: We conducted a search on medRxiv and bioRxiv to identify preprints related to pharmacological interventions against SARS-CoV-2 from January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2020. We included any study type that addressed or reported data on pharmacological interventions. We gathered metadata on June 26, 2020 of included preprints and identified if they had been published in a scholarly journal. We performed Mann-Whitney U tests to evaluate if published articles had differences in citation counts or metrics, as defined by PDF downloads and abstract reads, when compared to unpublished preprints.Results: Our sample included 97 preprints, of which 23 were published on scholarly journals and 74 remained unpublished (Publication rate of 23,7%). The most common study designs we found among preprints were basic science research and case series. The number of citations in our sample ranged from 0 to 1409 for published articles, and ranged from 0 to 175 citations for unpublished preprints. Published articles had a significantly higher number of citations when compared to unpublished preprints (p=0,000013). We did not find a statistical difference in PDF download (p=0,167) and abstract reads (p= 0,181). In the published articles, the time from posting on a preprint server to publication on a journal ranged from 0 to 98 days (median: 42.0 days). The time period from date of submission to a journal to date of acceptance in our sample ranged from 1 to 228 days (median: 23 days). Almost half of the preprints that were subsequently published (47,8%) had modifications made to the result section after peer-review.Conclusions: The publication rate of the preprints in this sample was low (1 in 4), although review times in scholarly journals seems to be accelerated. However, there was no difference in the number of views or downloads between preprints already published in scholarly journals and those not yet.

scholarly journals Pharmacological interventions for the COVID-19 pandemic and the use of preprint articles: The good, the bad and the ugly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Nicolalde ◽  
Diego Añazco ◽  
Mariam Mushtaq ◽  
Isabel Espinosa ◽  
Jimena Gimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Publication Rate ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Number Of Citations

Abstract Background: Preprints are preliminary reports that have not been peer-reviewed. On Dec 2019, a novel coronavirus appeared in China, and since then, scientific production, including preprints, has drastically increased. In this study, we intend to evaluate how often preprints regarding pharmacological interventions against COVID-19 were cited, in spite of the fact that some of these preprints remained unpublished.Methods: We conducted a search on medRxiv and bioRxiv to identify preprints related to pharmacological interventions against SARS-CoV-2 from Jan 1st to Mar 31, 2020. We gathered metadata on included preprints and identified if they had been published in a peer-reviewed journal. We performed Mann-Whitney U tests to evaluate if published articles had differences in citation numbers or usage, as defined by PDF downloads and abstract views, when compared to preprints that were not published.Results: Our sample included 97 preprints, of which only 14 were published on peer-reviewed journals and 83 remained unpublished. The most common study designs we found among preprints were basic science research and case series. Published articles had a significantly higher number of citations and metrics (PDF and abstract downloads) when compared to unpublished preprints.Conclusions: The use of preprints during this pandemic has been higher than in previous outbreaks, however, the publication rate in peer-reviewed journals in our sample was low. Preprints should be used as a mean to display preliminary data rapidly in order to obtain feedback by the scientific community, or to guide further research. However, due to the lack of peer-review, and potentially flawed data analysis, preprints alone should not be used to guide clinical practice, as the risk of unwarranted modifications to management is concerning.

scholarly journals Publication rate and citation counts for preprints released during the COVID-19 pandemic: the good, the bad and the ugly

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10927
Author(s):  
Diego Añazco ◽  
Bryan Nicolalde ◽  
Isabel Espinosa ◽  
Jose Camacho ◽  
Mariam Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citation Count ◽  
Publication Rate ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Scholarly Journal ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Scientific Impact ◽  
Peer Reviewing ◽  
Citation Counts ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background Preprints are preliminary reports that have not been peer-reviewed. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus appeared in China, and since then, scientific production, including preprints, has drastically increased. In this study, we intend to evaluate how often preprints about COVID-19 were published in scholarly journals and cited. Methods We searched the iSearch COVID-19 portfolio to identify all preprints related to COVID-19 posted on bioRxiv, medRxiv, and Research Square from January 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. We used a custom-designed program to obtain metadata using the Crossref public API. After that, we determined the publication rate and made comparisons based on citation counts using non-parametric methods. Also, we compared the publication rate, citation counts, and time interval from posting on a preprint server to publication in a scholarly journal among the three different preprint servers. Results Our sample included 5,061 preprints, out of which 288 were published in scholarly journals and 4,773 remained unpublished (publication rate of 5.7%). We found that articles published in scholarly journals had a significantly higher total citation count than unpublished preprints within our sample (p < 0.001), and that preprints that were eventually published had a higher citation count as preprints when compared to unpublished preprints (p < 0.001). As well, we found that published preprints had a significantly higher citation count after publication in a scholarly journal compared to as a preprint (p < 0.001). Our results also show that medRxiv had the highest publication rate, while bioRxiv had the highest citation count and shortest time interval from posting on a preprint server to publication in a scholarly journal. Conclusions We found a remarkably low publication rate for preprints within our sample, despite accelerated time to publication by multiple scholarly journals. These findings could be partially attributed to the unprecedented surge in scientific production observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, which might saturate reviewing and editing processes in scholarly journals. However, our findings show that preprints had a significantly lower scientific impact, which might suggest that some preprints have lower quality and will not be able to endure peer-reviewing processes to be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Status of Women Contribution in Political Research World: A Case Study of the Journal Political Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeer Gul ◽  
Sangita Gupta ◽  
Sumaira Jan ◽  
Sabha Ali
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Research ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Status Of Women

The study endeavors to highlight the contribution of women in the field of Political research globally. The study is based on the data gathered from journal, Political Analysis which comprises a list of articles published by authors for the period, 2004-2014. The proportion of the male and female authors listed in the publication was ascertained. There exists a colossal difference among male and female researchers in the field of Political Science research, which is evident from the fact that 88.30% of publications are being contributed by male authors while as just 11.70 % of publications are contributed by female authors. Furthermore, citation analysis reveals that highest number of citations is for the male contributions. In addition, the collaborative pattern indicates that largest share of the collaboration is between male-male authors. This evidently signifies that female researchers are still lagging behind in the field of Political Science research in terms of research productivity (publications)and thus, accordingly, need to excel in that particular field to overcome the gender difference. The study highlights status of women contribution in the Journal of Political Analysis from the period 2004-2014. The study provides a wider perspective of female research-contribution based on select parameters. However, the study can be further be enriched by taking into consideration various other criteria like what obstacles are faced by female researchers impeding their research, what are the effects of age and marital status on the research-productivity of female authors, etc.

scholarly journals Neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biyan Nathanael Harapan ◽  
Hyeon Joo Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Fisher Syndrome ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenging world issue. Although most COVID-19 patients primarily develop respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of neurological symptoms and manifestations associated with COVID-19 have been observed. In this narrative review, we elaborate on proposed neurotropic mechanisms and various neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications of COVID-19 reported in the present literature. For this purpose, a review of all current published literature (studies, case reports, case series, reviews, editorials, and other articles) was conducted and neurological sequelae of COVID-19 were summarized. Essential and common neurological symptoms including gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions, myalgia, headache, altered mental status, confusion, delirium, and dizziness are presented separately in sections. Moreover, neurological manifestations and complications that are of great concern such as stroke, cerebral (sinus) venous thrombosis, seizures, meningoencephalitis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome, acute myelitis, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) are also addressed systematically. Future studies that examine the impact of neurological symptoms and manifestations on the course of the disease are needed to further clarify and assess the link between neurological complications and the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19. To limit long-term consequences, it is crucial that healthcare professionals can early detect possible neurological symptoms and are well versed in the increasingly common neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19.

A Case Series of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-Positive Hospitalized Infants 60 Days of Age or Younger From 2 New York City Pediatric Emergency Departments

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Ameer Hassoun ◽  
Nessy Dahan ◽  
Christopher Kelly
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The emergence of novel coronavirus disease-2019 poses an unprecedented challenge to pediatricians. While the majority of children experience mild disease, initial case reports on young infants are conflicting. We present a case series of 8 hospitalized infants 60 days of age or younger with coronavirus disease-2019. A quarter of these patients had coinfections (viral or bacterial). None of these infants had severe disease. Continued vigilance in testing this vulnerable group of infants is warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effectiveness of measures to control the novel coronavirus disease 2019 in Jilin Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglong Zhao ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
Meina Li ◽  
Zeyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Based on differences in populations and prevention and control measures, the spread of new coronary pneumonia in different countries and regions also differs. This study aimed to calculate the transmissibility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to control the disease in Jilin Province, China. Methods The data of reported COVID-19 cases were collected, including imported and local cases from Jilin Province as of March 14, 2019. A Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Asymptomatic–Recovered/Removed (SEIAR) model was developed to fit the data, and the effective reproduction number (Reff) was calculated at different stages in the province. Finally, the effectiveness of the measures was assessed. Results A total of 97 COVID-19 infections were reported in Jilin Province, among which 45 were imported infections (including one asymptomatic infection) and 52 were local infections (including three asymptomatic infections). The model fit the reported data well (R2 = 0.593, P < 0.001). The Reff of COVID-19 before and after February 1, 2020 was 1.64 and 0.05, respectively. Without the intervention taken on February 1, 2020, the predicted cases would have reached a peak of 177,011 on October 22, 2020 (284 days from the first case). The projected number of cases until the end of the outbreak (on October 9, 2021) would have been 17,129,367, with a total attack rate of 63.66%. Based on the comparison between the predicted incidence of the model and the actual incidence, the comprehensive intervention measures implemented in Jilin Province on February 1 reduced the incidence of cases by 99.99%. Therefore, according to the current measures and implementation efforts, Jilin Province can achieve good control of the virus’s spread. Conclusions COVID-19 has a moderate transmissibility in Jilin Province, China. The interventions implemented in the province had proven effective; increasing social distancing and a rapid response by the prevention and control system will help control the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Management challenges in patients with comorbid COVID-19 associated delirium and serious mental illness – A case series

2021 ◽  
pp. 009121742098597
Author(s):  
Saba Syed ◽  
Michael Couse ◽  
Rashi Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Active Management ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background There is still a lot unknown about the novel Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) and its effects in humans. This pandemic has posed several challenging clinical situations to healthcare providers. Objective We hope to highlight the distinctive challenges that COVID-19 presents in patients with serious mental illness and what steps primary medical teams can take to co-manage these patients with the psychiatry consultants. Methods We present a retrospective chart review of four patients who were on psychotropic polypharmacy and admitted to our hospital from the same long-term psychiatric facility with COVID-19 delirium and other associated medical complications. Results We illustrate how the primary medical teams and psychiatrists collaborated in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and management. Conclusions Patients with serious mental illness and COVID-19 infection require active collaboration between primary medical teams and psychiatrists for diagnostic clarification, reduction of psychotropic polypharmacy to avoid adverse effects and drug-drug interactions, prevention of psychiatric decompensation, and active management of agitation while balancing staff and patient safety concerns.

scholarly journals Assessment and Trends in the Methodological Quality of the Top 50 Most Cited Articles in Shoulder Instability

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712096708
Author(s):  
Avinesh Agarwalla ◽  
Kaisen Yao ◽  
Anirudh K. Gowd ◽  
Nirav H. Amin ◽  
J. Martin Leland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Citations

Background: Citation counts have often been used as a surrogate for the scholarly impact of a particular study, but they do not necessarily correlate with higher-quality investigations. In recent decades, much of the literature regarding shoulder instability is focused on surgical techniques to correct bone loss and prevent recurrence. Purpose: To determine (1) the top 50 most cited articles in shoulder instability and (2) if there is a correlation between the number of citations and level of evidence or methodological quality. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A literature search was performed on both the Scopus and the Web of Science databases to determine the top 50 most cited articles in shoulder instability between 1985 and 2019. The search terms used included “shoulder instability,” “humeral defect,” and “glenoid bone loss.” Methodological scores were calculated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS), Jadad scale, and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) score. Results: The mean number of citations and mean citation density were 222.7 ± 123.5 (range, 124-881.5) and 16.0 ± 7.9 (range, 6.9-49.0), respectively. The most common type of study represented was the retrospective case series (evidence level, 4; n = 16; 32%) The overall mean MCMS, Jadad score, and MINORS score were 61.1 ± 10.1, 1.4 ± 0.9, and 16.0 ± 3.0, respectively. There were also no correlations found between mean citations or citation density versus each of the methodological quality scores. Conclusion: The list of top 50 most cited articles in shoulder instability comprised studies with low-level evidence and low methodological quality. Higher-quality study methodology does not appear to be a significant factor in whether studies are frequently cited in the literature.

Reconstructive Techniques of Primary Distal Penile Hypospadias: A Meta-Analysis Study of Last 10 Years

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Goda Hassan Mohammad ◽  
Khaled Ahmed Mahmoud Reyad ◽  
Ahmed Ali Hassan ◽  
Osama Fouad Mohamed Abdelgawad
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hypospadias Repair ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Meatal Stenosis ◽  
Postoperative Fistula ◽  
Distal Hypospadias ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Reconstructive Techniques

Abstract Background Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies affecting males worldwide, with distal variants representing up to 70% of all cases. Several surgical techniques are adopted for distal hypospadias repair. However, there is still much controversy about the ideal technique. Objectives The aim of this study is to compare between the most popular reconstructive techniques for distal penile hypospadias repair. Highlighting their effectiveness, in term of success rate as well as the risk of postoperative complications. Methods For this systematic review, PubMed/Medline and ScinceDirect online databases were searched using the keywords ‘distal hypospadias, complications and outcome’. Inclusion criteria were primary repairs; distal hypospadias; pediatric case series and standard techniques. Abstracts of articles identified were reviewed, and then relevant articles were retrieved in full. Papers were only included if data on at least one of the main outcome measures was obtainable, which are postoperative fistula, meatal stenosis and glanular dehiscence. Data were pooled using CMA software, effect sizes were reported as event rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) been calculated for each outcome. Results A total of 25 studies, which included 4572 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The tubularised incised plate (TIP) was the most commonly adopted procedure followed by the peri-meatal flap (Mathieu). Few studies reported data for other techniques like onlay flap, Thiersch-Duplay, meatal advancement and MAGPI procedures, in addition to urethral mobilization technique. The overall incidence of main complications was 10.5% with comparable results among different techniques. The results are in favor of urethral mobilization and TIP procedures over Mathieu regarding the incidence of both meatal stenosis and post-operative fistula. Overall, the quality of the included studies was determined to be satisfactory. Conclusion Compared with Mathieu technique, urethral mobilization and the TIP procedure for distal penile hypospadias (DPH) reconstruction were associated with a lower risk of overall complications specifically postoperative fistula and meatal stenosis.

Neurological associations of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaan Javed
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Reported Data

Background: The current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has compelled us to scrutinize major outbreaks in the past two decades, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), in 2002, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), in 2012. We aimed to assess the associated neurological manifestations with SARS CoV-2 infection. Methods: In this systematic review, a search was carried out by key-electronic databases, controlled vocabulary, and indexing of trials to evaluate the available pertinent studies which included both medical subject headings (MeSH) and advance electronic databases comprising of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Peer-reviewed studies published in English and Spanish were considered which reported data on the neurological associations of individuals with suspected or laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Outcomes were nervous signs or symptoms; symptom severity; and diagnoses. Findings: Our search identified 45 relevant studies, with 21 case reports, 3 case series, 9 observational studies, 1 retrospective study, 9 retrospective reviews, and 2 prospective reviews. This systematic review revealed that most commonly reported neuronal presentations involved headache, nausea, vomiting and muscular symptoms like fibromyalgia. Anosmia and ageusia, defects in clarity or sharpness of vision (error in visual acuity), and pain may occur in parallel. Notable afflictions in the form of anxiety, anger, confusion, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and post-intensive care syndrome were observed in individuals who were kept in quarantine and those with long-stay admissions in healthcare settings. SARS CoV-2 infection may result in cognitive impairment. Patients with more severe infection exhibited uncommon manifestations, such as acute cerebrovascular diseases (intracerebral haemorrhage, stroke), rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome. Interpretation: SARS-CoV-2 patients experience neuronal presentations varying with the progression of the infection. Healthcare professionals should be acquainted with the divergent neurological symptoms and to curb misdiagnosis and limit long term sequelae. Health-care planners and policymakers must prepare for this eventuality, while the ongoing studies increase our knowledge base on acute and chronic neurological associations of this pathogen.

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