Expression of ZjPSY, A Phytoene Synthase Gene from Zoysia Japonica Leads to Leaf Yellowing and Plant Dwarfing in Arabidopsis Thaliana

Abstract Phytoene synthase (Psy) is a key limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway by regulating phytoene synthesis. In this study, ZjPSY was isolated and identified from an important lawn grass species, Zoysia japonica. ZjPSY cDNA was 1230 bp in length, corresponding to 409 amino acids. ZjPSY showed higher expression in young leaves and were down-regulated after GA3, ABA, SA, and MeJA treatments, exhibited a sensitivity to hormones. By analysis of cis-regulatory elements in ZjPSY promoter region, ZjPSY exhibited be regulated of light and multiple hormones. To investigate the functions of ZjPSY, the plant expression vector was constructed to obtain transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of ZjPSY protein led to carotenoid accumulation and altered expression of genes involved in carotenoid contents. ZjPSY expressing Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited yellowing and dwarfing phenotypes and contained more carotenoids than the wild type. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified a novel interacting partner of ZjPSY, ZjJ2 (DNAJ homologue 2), which encodes heat-shock protein 40 (HSP40). Taken together, this study suggests that ZjPSY plays an important role in carotenoid synthesis, leaf color development and hormone response in transgenic plants. These results broadened the understanding of carotenoid synthesis pathways and laid a foundation for the exploration and utilization of PSY gene.

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Light‐dependent regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis occurs at the level of phytoene synthase expression and is mediated by phytochrome in Sinapis alba and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1046/j.1365-313x.1997.d01-16.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 625-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Johannes Von Lintig ◽

Ralf Welsch ◽

Michael Bonk ◽

Giovanni Giuliano ◽

Alfred Batschauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽

Sinapis Alba ◽

Phytoene Synthase

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Light‐dependent regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis occurs at the level of phytoene synthase expression and is mediated by phytochrome in Sinapis alba and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1046/j.1365-313x.1997.00625.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 625-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Johannes Lintig ◽

Ralf Welsch ◽

Michael Bonk ◽

Giovanni Giuliano ◽

Alfred Batschauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽

Sinapis Alba ◽

Phytoene Synthase

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A Genome-Wide Analysis of Pathogenesis-Related Protein-1 (PR-1) Genes from Piper nigrum Reveals Its Critical Role during Phytophthora capsici Infection

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12071007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1007

Author(s):

Divya Kattupalli ◽

Asha Sreenivasan ◽

Eppurathu Vasudevan Soniya

Keyword(s):

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Binding Motif ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽

Pathogenesis Related

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a prominent spice that is an indispensable ingredient in cuisine and traditional medicine. Phytophthora capsici, the causative agent of footrot disease, causes a drastic constraint in P. nigrum cultivation and productivity. To counterattack various biotic and abiotic stresses, plants employ a broad array of mechanisms that includes the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Through a genome-wide survey, eleven PR-1 genes that belong to a CAP superfamily protein with a caveolin-binding motif (CBM) and a CAP-derived peptide (CAPE) were identified from P. nigrum. Despite the critical functional domains, PnPR-1 homologs differ in their signal peptide motifs and core amino acid composition in the functional protein domains. The conserved motifs of PnPR-1 proteins were identified using MEME. Most of the PnPR-1 proteins were basic in nature. Secondary and 3D structure analyses of the PnPR-1 proteins were also predicted, which may be linked to a functional role in P. nigrum. The GO and KEGG functional annotations predicted their function in the defense responses of plant-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, a transcriptome-assisted FPKM analysis revealed PnPR-1 genes mapped to the P. nigrum-P. capsici interaction pathway. An altered expression pattern was detected for PnPR-1 transcripts among which a significant upregulation was noted for basic PnPR-1 genes such as CL10113.C1 and Unigene17664. The drastic variation in the transcript levels of CL10113.C1 was further validated through qRT-PCR and it showed a significant upregulation in infected leaf samples compared with the control. A subsequent analysis revealed the structural details, phylogenetic relationships, conserved sequence motifs and critical cis-regulatory elements of PnPR-1 genes. This is the first genome-wide study that identified the role of PR-1 genes during P. nigrum-P. capsici interactions. The detailed in silico experimental analysis revealed the vital role of PnPR-1 genes in regulating the first layer of defense towards a P. capsici infection in Panniyur-1 plants.

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Cloning and Mapping of a Putative Barley NADPH-Dependent HC-Toxin Reductase

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi.1997.10.2.234 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 234-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

F. Han ◽

A. Kleinhofs ◽

A. Kilian ◽

S. E. Ullrich

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Chromosome 9 ◽

Immature Embryos ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Grass Species ◽

Cochliobolus Carbonum ◽

Wide Range ◽

Young Leaves ◽

High Conservation ◽

Hc Toxin

The NADPH-dependent HC-toxin reductase (HCTR), encoded by Hm1 in maize, inactivates HC-toxin produced by the fungus Cochliobolus carbonum, and thus confers resistance to the pathogen. The fact that C. carbonum only infects maize (Zea mays) and is the only species known to produce HC-toxin raises the question: What are the biological functions of HCTR in other plant species? An HCTR-like enzyme may function to detoxify toxins produced by pathogens which infect other plant species (R. B. Meeley, G. S. Johal, S. E. Briggs, and J. D. Walton, Plant Cell, 4:71–77, 1992). Hm1 homolog in rice (Y. Hihara, M. Umeda, C. Hara, Q. Liu, S. Aotsuka, K. Toriyama, and H. Uchimiya, unpublished) and HCTR activity in barley, wheat, oats and sorghum have been reported (R. B. Meeley and J. D. Walton, Plant Physiol. 97:1080–1086, 1993). To investigate the sequence conservation of Hm1 and HCTR in barley and the possible relationship of barley Hm1 homolog to the known disease resistance genes, we cloned and mapped a barley (Hordeum vulgare) Hm1-like gene. A putative full-length cDNA clone, Bhm1-18, was isolated from a cDNA library consisting of mRNA from young leaves, inflorescences, and immature embryos. This 1,297-bp clone encodes 363 amino acids which show great similarity (81.6%) with the amino acid sequence of HM1 in maize. Two loci were mapped to barley molecular marker linkage maps with Bhm1-18 as the probe; locus A (Bhm1A) on the long arm of chromosome 1, and locus B (Bhm1B) on the short arm of chromosome 1 which is syntenic to maize chromosome 9 containing the Hm2 locus. The Bhm1-18 probe hybridized strongly to a Southern blot of a wide range of grass species, indicating high conservation of HCTR at the DNA sequence level among grasses. The HCTR mRNA was detected in barley roots, leaves, inflorescences, and immature embryos. The conservation of the HCTR sequence, together with its expression in other plant species (R. B. Meeley and J. D. Walton, Plant Physiol. 97:1080–1086, 1993), suggests HCTR plays an important functional role in other plant species.

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DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETATIVO DE QUATRO ESPÉCIES DE GRAMA IRRIGADAS COM EFLUENTE DOMÉSTICO.

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2009v14n3p268-275 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 268-275

Author(s):

Aline Regina Piedade ◽

Raimundo Leite Cruz ◽

Sérgio Campos ◽

Roberto Lyra Villas Boas

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Rural Community ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Grass Species ◽

Zoysia Japonica ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Control Data ◽

Chemical Fertilization ◽

Effluent Irrigation ◽

Supply Water

DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETATIVO DE QUATRO ESPÉCIES DE GRAMA IRRIGADAS COM EFLUENTE DOMÉSTICO. Aline Regina Piedade1; Raimundo Leite Cruz2; Sérgio Campos2; Roberto Lyra Villas Boas31Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas, SP, [email protected] 2Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP2Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desenvolvimento vegetativo de quatro espécies de grama irrigadas por gotejamento com efluente de Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto Doméstico e água de abastecimento (Sabesp). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da área experimental da FCA/UNESP (Botucatu-SP) durante 12 meses, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado num fatorial 4 x 3, seguidos de quatro repetições totalizando 48 parcelas. As espécies de grama utilizadas foram: Santo Agostinho (Stenotaphrum secandatum (Walt.) Kuntze); Bermudas (Cynodum dactylon); Esmeralda (Zoysia japônica) e São Carlos (Axnopus sp). E os tratamentos foram: T1- Irrigação com reuso; T2- Irrigação com reuso + adubação química e T3- Irrigação com água de abastecimento da Sabesp + adubação química (Testemunha). Os dados foram submetidos à comparação de médias por Tukey com 5 % de probabilidade. Verificou-se que o nitrogênio presente na água de reuso foi suficiente para o bom desenvolvimento das espécies de grama, porém a sua utilização proporcionou uma maior lixiviação de potássio. UNITERMOS: reuso de água, irrigação, gramados, água residuária, esgoto. PIEDADE, A. R; CRUZ, R. L.; CAMPOS, S.; BOAS, R. L. V. VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF FOUR GRASS SPECIES IRRIGATED WITH EFFLUENT OF DOMESTIC 2 ABSTRACT This research aimed to compare the development of four grasses species irrigated by dripping with an effluent from a domestic wastewater station treatment in a small rural community, and supply water from Sabesp. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the FCA/UNESP (Botucatu - SP) for 12 months in a completely randomized 4 x 3 factorial design, with four replications, totalizing 48 parcels. Grass species used in this experiment were: Santo Agostinho (Stenotaphrum secandatum (Walt.) Kuntze); Bermudas (Cynodum dactylon); Esmeralda (Zoysia japônica) and São Carlos (Axnopus sp). The treatments were: T1- Irrigation with re-use; T2- Irrigation with re-use + chemical fertilization and T3- Irrigation with supply water from Sabesp + chemical fertilization (control). Data were submitted to comparison of means by Tukey’s test at 5 %. The results showed that nitrogen in the wastewater was enough for the good development of the grass species. However, its use caused higher potassium loss. KEYWORDS: re-use water, effluent, irrigation, grass, sludge.

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Starch Granule Size and Morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana Starch-Related Mutants Analyzed during Diurnal Rhythm and Development

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26195859 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (19) ◽

pp. 5859

Author(s):

Qingting Liu ◽

Yuan Zhou ◽

Joerg Fettke

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Starch Granule ◽

Granule Size ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Starch Granules ◽

Transitory Starch ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Size And Morphology ◽

Safranin O

Transitory starch plays a central role in the life cycle of plants. Many aspects of this important metabolism remain unknown; however, starch granules provide insight into this persistent metabolic process. Therefore, monitoring alterations in starch granules with high temporal resolution provides one significant avenue to improve understanding. Here, a previously established method that combines LCSM and safranin-O staining for in vivo imaging of transitory starch granules in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana was employed to demonstrate, for the first time, the alterations in starch granule size and morphology that occur both throughout the day and during leaf aging. Several starch-related mutants were included, which revealed differences among the generated granules. In ptst2 and sex1-8, the starch granules in old leaves were much larger than those in young leaves; however, the typical flattened discoid morphology was maintained. In ss4 and dpe2/phs1/ss4, the morphology of starch granules in young leaves was altered, with a more rounded shape observed. With leaf development, the starch granules became spherical exclusively in dpe2/phs1/ss4. Thus, the presented data provide new insights to contribute to the understanding of starch granule morphogenesis.

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Characterization of Mutations Disrupting Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Thaliana

Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere ◽

10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_712 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 3039-3042

Author(s):

Barry Pogson ◽

Susan Norris ◽

Kelly Mcdonald ◽

Maria Truong ◽

Dean Dellapenna

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Carotenoid Biosynthesis

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FRUITFULL Is a Repressor of Apical Hook Opening in Arabidopsis thaliana

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21176438 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (17) ◽

pp. 6438

Author(s):

Miriam Führer ◽

Angelika Gaidora ◽

Peter Venhuizen ◽

Jedrzej Dobrogojski ◽

Chloé Béziat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

In Silico ◽

Target Genes ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

In Silico Analysis ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Suitable Model ◽

Differential Growth ◽

Apical Hook ◽

Growth Transitions

Plants adjust their architecture to a constantly changing environment, requiring adaptation of differential growth. Despite their importance, molecular switches, which define growth transitions, are largely unknown. Apical hook development in dark grown Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) seedlings serves as a suitable model for differential growth transition in plants. Here, we show that the phytohormone auxin counteracts the light-induced growth transition during apical hook opening. We, subsequently, identified genes which are inversely regulated by light and auxin. We used in silico analysis of the regulatory elements in this set of genes and subsequently used natural variation in gene expression to uncover correlations between underlying transcription factors and the in silico predicted target genes. This approach uncovered that MADS box transcription factor AGAMOUS-LIKE 8 (AGL8)/FRUITFULL (FUL) modulates apical hook opening. Our data shows that transient FUL expression represses the expression of growth stimulating genes during early phases of apical hook development and therewith guards the transition to growth promotion for apical hook opening. Here, we propose a role for FUL in setting tissue identity, thereby regulating differential growth during apical hook development.

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