scholarly journals PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS FOR THE INTENTION OF BRAZILIAN ELDERLY IN RECEIVING THE VACCINE AGAINST COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thales Coutinho ◽  
Fernando Assunção ◽  
Mariana Dias ◽  
Thiago Moraes ◽  
Natália Dias
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Psychosocial Predictors ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Positive Intention

Abstract Once the immunizers are already available in the COVID-19 Pandemic, there is a need to identify the psychosocial factors that increase the positive attitude towards vaccines, particularly among the elderly. We investigated the role of psychosocial variables, which could affect the attitude towards the vaccines. Factors such as: uncertainty in relation to the vaccine, fear of COVID-19, political orientation, precisely the intention among the Brazilian elderly (>60 years, n = 328) to be vaccinated. There was a more positive intention towards Oxford-AstraZeneca in relation to Sinovac-CoronaVac. For the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, less uncertainty regarding vaccines and greater fear of COVID-19 led the study to predict 26.6% of the intention to use it. In the case of Sinovac-CoronaVac, in addition to the previous variables, a left-wing political orientation led to a prediction of 44.3% in the intention to use it. It was also highlighted the importance of reducing uncertainty about vaccines in public campaigns to achieve older adults' mass vaccination.

Political Orientations and Morality Judgments in the Turkish Context: Considering the Roles of the Needs for Cognition and Recognition

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329411989990
Author(s):  
Burcu Tekeş ◽  
E. Olcay Imamoğlu ◽  
Fatih Özdemir ◽  
Bengi Öner-Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Collectivistic Culture

The aims of this study were to test: (a) the association of political orientations with morality orientations, specified by moral foundations theory, on a sample of young adults from Turkey, representing a collectivistic culture; and (b) the statistically mediating roles of needs for cognition and recognition in the links between political orientation and morality endorsements. According to the results (a) right-wing orientation and need for recognition were associated with all the three binding foundations (i.e., in-group/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity); (b) right-wing orientation was associated with binding foundations also indirectly via the role of need for recognition; (c) regarding individualizing foundations, left-wing orientation and need for cognition were associated with fairness/reciprocity, whereas only gender was associated with harm/care; and (d) left-wing orientation was associated with fairness dimension also indirectly via the role of need for cognition. The cultural relevance of moral foundations theory as well as the roles of needs for cognition and recognition are discussed.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Energy Innovation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouro Dasgupta ◽  
Enrica De Cian ◽  
Elena Verdolini
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Energy Innovation ◽  
Energy Intensive Industries

This chapter empirically investigates the effects political economy factors on energy innovation in a sample of 20 countries between 1995 and 2010. We use various proxies for energy innovation and focus on the role of environmental policy, good governance, political orientation, and the distribution of resources to energy intensive industries. We show that political economy factors affect the incentives to engage in energy-related innovation even in the presence of stringent environmental policy. Specifically, good governance and left-wing governments provide incentives for greater R&D resources to the energy sector, while a larger distribution of resources toward energy intensive sectors can induce market-size effects and lobby for larger energy R&D allocation. This implies that, in order to move towards a greener economy, countries should combine environmental policy with a general improvement of institutions, consider the influence of government’s political orientation on environmental policies and the size of energy-intensive sectors.

Aspirin Use for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Older Patients: A Review of Clinical Guidelines and Updated Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 580-594
Author(s):  
Jelena Lewis ◽  
Laressa Bethishou ◽  
Laura V. Tsu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Meta Analyses

OBJECTIVE: To provide an up-to-date review of current guidelines, previous trials, and new trials regarding aspirin use in primary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease in the elderly population. DATA SOURCES: A PubMed search of articles published through April 2019 was performed using a combination of the following words: aspirin, bleeding, cardiovascular, elderly, hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, primary prevention, stroke. STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: Relevant randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines were assessed for the use of aspirin in primary prevention of CV disease in older patients. References from the above literature were also evaluated. Articles were selected for inclusion based on relevance to the topic, detailed methods, and complete results. DATA SYNTHESIS: The role of aspirin for primary prevention of CV disease in older adults is not well defined. As a result, the guideline recommendations for the use of aspirin in this setting are inconsistent. In 2018, the ARRIVE, ASCEND, and ASPREE studies were published. These studies tried to address some of the inconsistencies regarding the use of aspirin in primary prevention of CV disease. This article reviews the current recommendations along with previous and recent studies for aspirin use for primary prevention in older adults. CONCLUSION: The role of aspirin for primary prevention of CV disease in older adults should be individualized based on patient's risk factors, including risk of CV disease and likelihood of bleeding. Updated evidence provides more guidance regarding which patient populations will benefit from therapy.

scholarly journals Predictive Role of Psychosocial Factors in Older Adults Life Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahab Papi ◽  
Maria Cheraghi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: The older adults are a part of society whose population is increasing as science progresses and health conditions improve. Social, psychological and behavioral factors will be influenced on life satisfaction in older adults. We aimed to predictive role of psychosocial factors in life satisfaction older adults. Methods: It was a descriptive-analytical study which has conducted on 679 older adults through convenience sampling from Qom city during 2018. The data were collected using demographic characteristics, life satisfaction, well-being, cognitive status, social support, and daily activities of life. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean and standard deviation of older adults age was 70.43 ± 7.62 years. The mean life satisfaction score was 13.77 ± 3.73. The results showed a significant relationship between job and education with life satisfaction (P <0.001). The results also showed that social support (P= 0.001) and daily activities (P= 0.017) significantly predict the level of life satisfaction, and the dimensions of health (P= 0.001) and cognitive status (P= 0.007) have a larger share in predicting the satisfaction of older adults life. Conclusion: We found that some parts of life changes in older adults can be predicted with the help of social support, health status, cognitive status, and everyday life activities. Therefore, in order to increase the level of satisfaction of older adults life, it is suggested that the field of promotion of social support, health status, and cognitive status be provided.

Role of positive pressure therapy on sleep disordered breathing and cognition in the elderly

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly E. Zimmerman ◽  
Mark S. Aloia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Efforts aimed toward alleviating senescence have intensified as older adults occupy an increasing proportion of the population. Cognitive abilities become compromised with advancing age, with a vast heterogeneity of presentations, ranging from occasional word-finding difficulties to dementia. The role of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in moderating or mediating age-related cognitive decline is particularly relevant given its potential reversibility in response to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies. Establishment of SDB as a significant contributor to the development of dementia and cognitive dysfunction among the elderly has immense public health relevance, underscoring the importance of its early identification and treatment. Although several studies have examined the effect of PAP on cognitive function in older adults with SDB, additional prospective randomized clinical trials are needed. This chapter reviews the literature on SDB and cognition among the elderly as well as cognitive changes in response to PAP. Considerations for future research are also discussed.

scholarly journals Older Adults’ Engagement in Senior University Lectures and the Effect of Individual Motivations

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Peter Ackermann ◽  
Alexander Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Older Learners ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
University Of Zurich ◽  
The University

Among older adults, engagement in education can potentially have positive effects on cognition and psychological well-being and can prevent social isolation. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of individual motivations specific to older learners that underlie the frequency of participation at a senior university and how health or socioeconomic dimensions may affect the possibilities for participation. With data on participants from the senior university program at the University of Zurich (N = 811), we show that greater individual motivations regarding different aspects of learning have an effect on the frequency of lecture attendance, while other life circumstances do not. However, the findings show that when different forms of motivation are compared, instrumental motivation—meaning that the intention to use the gained knowledge now or in the future is responsible for the participant’s learning aspirations—is the only motivation that significantly increases lecture attendance. Hence, we conclude that to increase people’s engagement in this specific form of education in later life and to intensify lecture attendance, these programs should meet participants expectations.

scholarly journals Role of GandharvaHasta Tail in Geriatric Constipation - A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kranti N. Khekale
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Single Case ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Common Complaint

Constipation is a common complaint in older adults. Although constipation is not a physiologic consequence of normal aging, decreased mobility and other medical conditions may contribute to its increased prevalence in older adults. The prevalence of constipation rises dramatically with age, with some estimates approaching 50% among adults over 80 years of age. There are a variety of over-the-counter and prescription laxatives available for the treatment of constipation. There are many laxatives sold in the market. They have not been studied in controlled trials to make a recommendation. Its side effect may be harmful to patient. There is no one best evidence-based treatment for chronic constipation in the elderly. this study, shows single case of geriatric patient suffering from constipation wherein  Gandharvahasta tailwas given 10ml orally. The reference of Gandharvahasta tail is  Bhaishajya Ratanavali. Gandharvahasta tail acts as mild laxative with sweet taste, pleasant smell. Gandharvahasta Tail shows significant result with no side effect. It is easily palatable so there is no compliant for taking medicine.

scholarly journals Treatment of bipolar disorders in older adults: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Ljubic ◽  
Bianca Ueberberg ◽  
Heinz Grunze ◽  
Hans-Jörg Assion
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Mesh Terms

Abstract Background Old age bipolar disorder has been an orphan of psychiatric research for a long time despite the fact that bipolar disorder (BD)-I and II together may affect 0.5–1.0% of the elderly. It is also unclear whether aetiology, course of illness and treatment should differ in patients with a first manifestation in older age and patients suffering from a recurrence of a BD known for decades. This narrative review will summarize the current state of knowledge about the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment of BD in the elderly. Methods We conducted a Medline literature search from 1970 to 2021 using MeSH terms “Bipolar Disorder” × “Aged” or “Geriatric” or “Elderly”. Search results were complemented by additional literature retrieved from examining cross references and by hand search in text books. Summary of findings Varying cut-off ages have been applied to differentiate old age from adult age BD. Within old age BD, there is a reasonable agreement of distinct entities, early and late-onset BD. They differ to some extent in clinical symptoms, course of illness, and some co-morbidities. Point prevalence of BD in older adults appears slightly lower than in working-age adults, with polarity of episodes shifting towards depression. Psychopharmacological treatment needs to take into account the special aspects of somatic gerontology and the age-related change of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. The evidence for commonly used treatments such as lithium, mood-stabilizing antiepileptics, antipsychotics, and antidepressants remains sparse. Preliminary results support a role of ECT as well as psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions in old age BD. Conclusions There is an obvious need of further research for all treatment modalities of BD in old age. The focus should be pharmacological and psychosocial approaches, as well as their combination, and the role of physical treatment modalities such as ECT.

Demographic Correlates of Just World and Unjust Beliefs in an Austrian Sample

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Viren Swami ◽  
Martin Voracek ◽  
Stefan Stieger
Keyword(s):  
Population Sample ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Just World Beliefs ◽  
Just World ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Older Males

320 Viennese adult participants (47.5% female) in a population sample completed two questionnaires measuring just world beliefs that were scored separately for just and unjust world beliefs. The study aimed to investigate the role of sex and age, as well as religious and political beliefs on just and unjust world beliefs. Older males who identified with a more left-wing political orientation tended to have lower scores on just world beliefs on Rubin and Peplau's scale, while better educated people tended to score lower on the unjust world subscale on both scales, although both predictors explained less than 6% of the variance in scores.

Aspirin Use for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Older Patients: A Review of Clinical Guidelines and Updated Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 580-594
Author(s):  
Jelena Lewis ◽  
Laressa Bethishou ◽  
Laura V. Tsu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Meta Analyses

OBJECTIVE: To provide an up-to-date review of current guidelines, previous trials, and new trials regarding aspirin use in primary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease in the elderly population. DATA SOURCES: A PubMed search of articles published through April 2019 was performed using a combination of the following words: aspirin, bleeding, cardiovascular, elderly, hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, primary prevention, stroke. STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: Relevant randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines were assessed for the use of aspirin in primary prevention of CV disease in older patients. References from the above literature were also evaluated. Articles were selected for inclusion based on relevance to the topic, detailed methods, and complete results. DATA SYNTHESIS: The role of aspirin for primary prevention of CV disease in older adults is not well defined. As a result, the guideline recommendations for the use of aspirin in this setting are inconsistent. In 2018, the ARRIVE, ASCEND, and ASPREE studies were published. These studies tried to address some of the inconsistencies regarding the use of aspirin in primary prevention of CV disease. This article reviews the current recommendations along with previous and recent studies for aspirin use for primary prevention in older adults. CONCLUSION: The role of aspirin for primary prevention of CV disease in older adults should be individualized based on patient's risk factors, including risk of CV disease and likelihood of bleeding. Updated evidence provides more guidance regarding which patient populations will benefit from therapy.

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