scholarly journals Socio-demographic associations of HIV among antenatal care attendees in selected rural primary care facilities in South Africa's Eastern Cape province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikhumbuzo A Mabunda ◽  
Khuthala Sigovana ◽  
Wezile Chitha ◽  
Teke Apalata ◽  
Sibusiso Nomatshila
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Facilities

Abstract Background To effectively reduce vertical HIV transmission requires a reduction of HIV prevalence and incidence among pregnant women and a full understanding of its epidemiology. There is, however, literature paucity of HIV studies focusing on women attending antenatal care in rural areas in South Africa. Methods A Cross-sectional study of women attending antenatal care in four Primary Care facilities was conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire which collected information on socio-demographic characteristics and medical history. Binomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with HIV and to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). The 95% confidence interval (95%CI) is used for precision of estimates; p ≤ 0.05 for statistical significance. Results A total of 343 participants were recruited. The antenatal HIV prevalence was 38.2% (95%CI: 33.2–43.9). Participants older than 40 years were 4.6 times significantly more likely to be HIV positive compared to teenagers (p-value = 0.019). Furthermore, multiparous, unemployed and employed participants, were significantly associated with 40%, 60% and 70% higher antenatal HIV prevalences respectively when compared to primigravidas or tertiary students (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion Despite a 100% antenatal HIV testing rate, the antenatal HIV prevalence remains high and is increasing in this population, coupled with no spousal attendance in antenatal care and poor condom compliance. It is therefore important to remain vigilant and monitor mother-to-child transmission that could be associated with this increased prevalence.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic associations of HIV among women attending antenatal care in selected rural primary care facilities in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda ◽  
Khuthala Sigovana ◽  
Wezile Chitha ◽  
Teke Apalata ◽  
Sibusiso Nomatshila
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background To effectively reduce vertical HIV transmission requires a reduction of HIV prevalence and incidence among pregnant women and a full understanding of its epidemiology. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV among women attending antenatal care and further determine spousal support during antenatal care attendance in rural areas in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Methods A Cross-sectional study of women attending antenatal care in four Primary Care facilities was conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire which collected information on socio-demographic characteristics and medical history. Binomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with HIV and to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). The 95% confidence interval (95%CI) is used for precision of estimates; p≤0.05 for statistical significance. Results A total of 343 participants were included in the final analysis. The antenatal HIV prevalence was 38.2% (95%CI: 33.2–43.9). For 75% of the women, the HIV diagnosis was made 141 days before the date of the interview (median=77 days, interquartile range=42–141 days). Participants between the age of 30 to 39 years were 50% more likely to be HIV positive compared to those who were between the age of 20 to 29, these differences were statistically significant (PR=1.5; p-value=0.001). Furthermore, self-employed women were 30% less likely to be HIV positive when compared to unemployed participants, this was also statistically significant (PR=0.7; p-value< 0.0001). Conclusion Despite a 100% antenatal HIV testing rate, the antenatal HIV prevalence remains high in this population, coupled with no spousal attendance in antenatal care. It is important to move beyond awareness about the HIV status to actionable strategies of reducing the HIV incident cases. It is therefore important to remain vigilant and monitor mother-to-child transmission that could be associated with this increased prevalence.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic associations of HIV among women attending antenatal care in selected rural primary care facilities in South Africa's Eastern Cape province.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikhumbuzo A Mabunda ◽  
Khuthala Sigovana ◽  
Wezile Chitha ◽  
Teke Apalata ◽  
Sibusiso Nomatshila
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background: To effectively reduce vertical HIV transmission requires a reduction of HIV prevalence and incidence among pregnant women and a full understanding of its epidemiology. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV among women attending antenatal care and further determine spousal support during antenatal care attendance in rural areas in Eastern Cape province, South Africa.Methods: A Cross-sectional study of women attending antenatal care in four Primary Care facilities was conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire which collected information on socio-demographic characteristics and medical history. Binomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with HIV and to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). The 95% confidence interval (95%CI) is used for precision of estimates; p≤0.05 for statistical significance.Results: A total of 343 participants were included in the final analysis. The antenatal HIV prevalence was 38.2% (95%CI: 33.2 – 43.9). For 75% of the women, the HIV diagnosis was made 141 days before the date of the interview (median=77 days, interquartile range=42-141 days). Participants between the age of 30 to 39 years were 50% more likely to be HIV positive compared to those who were between the age of 20 to 29, these differences were statistically significant (PR=1.5; p-value=0.001). Furthermore, self-employed women were 30% less likely to be HIV positive when compared to unemployed participants, this was also statistically significant (PR=0.7; p-value<0.0001).Conclusion: Despite a 100% antenatal HIV testing rate, the antenatal HIV prevalence remains high in this population, coupled with no spousal attendance in antenatal care. It is important to move beyond awareness about the HIV status to actionable strategies of reducing the HIV incident cases. It is therefore important to remain vigilant and monitor mother-to-child transmission that could be associated with this increased prevalence.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic associations of HIV among women attending antenatal care in selected rural primary care facilities in South Africa's Eastern Cape province.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikhumbuzo A Mabunda ◽  
Khuthala Sigovana ◽  
Wezile Chitha ◽  
Teke Apalata ◽  
Sibusiso Nomatshila
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background: To effectively reduce vertical HIV transmission requires a reduction of HIV prevalence and incidence among pregnant women and a full understanding of its epidemiology. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV among women attending antenatal care and further determine spousal support during antenatal care attendance in rural areas in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Methods: A Cross-sectional study of women attending antenatal care in four Primary Care facilities was conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire which collected information on socio-demographic characteristics and medical history. Binomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with HIV and to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). The 95% confidence interval (95%CI) is used for precision of estimates; p≤0.05 for statistical significance. Results: A total of 343 participants were included in the final analysis. The antenatal HIV prevalence was 38.2% (95%CI: 33.2 – 43.9). For 75% of the women, the HIV diagnosis was made 141 days before the date of the interview (median=77 days, interquartile range=42-141 days). Participants between the age of 30 to 39 years were 50% more likely to be HIV positive compared to those who were between the age of 20 to 29 years, these differences were statistically significant (PR=1.5; p-value=0.001). Furthermore, self-employed women were 30% less likely to be HIV positive when compared to unemployed participants, this was also statistically significant (PR=0.7; p-value<0.0001). Conclusion: Despite a 100% antenatal HIV testing rate, the antenatal HIV prevalence remains high in this population, coupled with no spousal attendance in antenatal care. It is important to move beyond awareness about the HIV status to actionable strategies of reducing the HIV incident cases. It is therefore important to remain vigilant and monitor mother-to-child transmission that could be associated with this increased prevalence.

scholarly journals Competency of health workers in detecting and managing gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia during antenatal check-ups in primary care health facilities in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e046638
Author(s):  
Sk Masum Billah ◽  
Abdullah Nurus Salam Khan ◽  
S M Rokonuzzaman ◽  
Nafisa Lira Huq ◽  
Marufa Aziz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Care Facilities

Study objectiveTo evaluate the competency of trained health workers in detecting and managing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy during routine antenatal check-ups (ANCs) at primary care facilities in Bangladesh.Study design and settingsCross-sectional study; conducted in 26 primary care facilities.Outcome measuresAccurate diagnosis of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.MethodIn total 1560 ANC consultations provided by primary health workers, known as Family Welfare Visitors (FWVs), were observed using a structured checklist between October 2017 and February 2018. All consultations were reassessed by study physicians for validation.ResultOf the ‘true’ cases of gestational hypertension (n=32), pre-eclampsia (n=29) and severe pre-eclampsia (n=16), only 3%, 7% and 25%, respectively, were correctly diagnosed by FWVs. Per cent agreement for the diagnosed cases of any hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 9% and kappa statistics was 0.50 (p value 0.0125). For identification of any hypertensive disorders by FWVs, sensitivity and positive predictive values were 14% and 50%, respectively. There was a moderate positive correlation between the blood pressure measurements taken by FWVs and study physicians. Only 27% of those who had ‘some protein’ in urine were correctly identified by FWVs. Women diagnosed with any of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by FWVs were more likely to be counselled on at least one danger sign of pre-eclampsia (severe headache, blurring of vision and upper abdominal pain) than those without any such diagnosis (41% vs 19%, p value 0.008). All four cases of severe pre-eclampsia diagnosed by FWVs were given a loading dose of intramuscular magnesium sulphate and three among them were referred to a higher facility.ConclusionThe FWVs should be appropriately trained on risk assessment of pregnant women with particular emphasis on accurately assessing the diagnostic criteria of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its management.

scholarly journals Underweight and Factors Associated Among Lactating Mothers In Dodata District, Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia,2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawa Kedir ◽  
Godana Arero
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Arsi Zone ◽  
Low Bmi

Abstract Background: An underweight individual is a somebody whose body weight is considered too low (BMI <18.5) to be healthy. The similar idea applies to lactating mothers. However, little is known about underweight status among lactating women in the study area. The objective of study to assess incidence of underweight and related issues among lactating mothers in Dodota district of Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, from February 1-28, 2021.Method: The cross-sectional study design was done on 355 lactating mothers. The starata and simple random sampling technique were used. The structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used. Data were entered and cleaned using Epi info version 7.1 and SPSS version 21 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were done. Descriptive statistics wree performed. The crude and adjusted odds ratio along with 95%CI were used to measure the strength of association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05. Result: Study revealed (14.1) lactating mother were underweight. Rural areas, (AOR=2.5 [95% CI: (1.061, 6.302), the practice of food taboos (AOR= 2.3, [95% CI: (1.045, 5.084) and income level(AOR= 2.1[95% CI: (1.003, 4. 460) were found to be independent determinants of underweight among lactating mothers in the study area. Conclusions: The prevalence of underweight among lactating mothers was lower.

scholarly journals The effect of antenatal care on colostrum avoidance in pastoralists: The case of Afar, Northeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110137
Author(s):  
Misgan Legesse Liben ◽  
Reem Adem ◽  
Nigus Bililign Yimer
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prelacteal Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Late Initiation ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding is sufficient for infants in the first 6 months of life and is important to maintain maternal health. Evidences revealed that neonatal mortality is higher among children who received colostrum as compared to those who are deprived of colostrum. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the factors associated with colostrum avoidance practice among pastoralists in Afar Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 1188 mother-child pairs in Afar Regional State in June 2016. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the predictors of colostrum avoidance. Statistical significance was declared at P-value <.05. About 40% of children deprived of colostrum. Mothers aged 20 to 34 years (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.73), not attending antenatal checkup (AOR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.64, 2.85), receiving prelacteal feeding (AOR: 2.21; CI: 1.88, 3.93) and late initiation of breastfeeding (AOR: 2.71; 95% CI: 2.02, 3.65) were positively associated with colostrum avoidance. Nearly 4 in 10 children deprived of colostrum. Therefore, promoting antenatal care and strengthening service-based counseling on proper newborn feeding practices will be important to improve colostrum feeding.

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND ANTENATAL CARE COVERAGE IN INDONESIA IN 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Salsabila Putri Lamiday ◽  
Putri Bungsu Machmud
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Antenatal care coverage (ANC) in Indonesia has been constantly increasing over the years according to the country’s national survey data; however, there is a huge gap in coverage between women with different background characteristics. Purpose: The objective of this study is to determine the association between women’s empowerment and ANC coverage in Indonesia in 2017. Methods: This study used data sourced from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 with a cross-sectional study design. The population study was married women aged 15–49 years who had delivered children in the two years before the survey was conducted. About 6,397 samples were obtained by a total sampling method that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Variables analysed in this study were women’s empowerment and antenatal care coverage. The data analysis used were chi square and multiple logistic regression analysis. This study was conducted in February–April 2019 in all provinces in Indonesia which were the location of the IDHS 2017. Results: The result of multivariate analysis claimed an association that was statistically significant (p value = 0.00) between women’s empowerment and ANC coverage, with adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02–1.08). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that less empowered women were 1.05 times more likely to not receive complete and standardised antenatal care compared to women who were more empowered.

scholarly journals Perception on Management of Nursing Education Institutes among Bachelors Students in Selected Nursing Colleges at Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Bhuwan Kumari Dangol ◽  
Narbada Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organizational Goals

Management is a process of planning, decision making, organizing, leading, motivating and controlling, and an effective utilization of the resources to reach the organizational goals efficiently and effectively. Management has a crucial role in quality of work and production in any institutions. Although a rapid increase of Nursing Education Institutions in Nepal since last decade which had been trained thousands of nursing cadres, the management aspects of these institutions are not studied adequately. Thus current study intended to explore the current status of Nursing Education Institution Management as experienced and perceived by the bachelors nursing students. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the nursing institutions in Kathmandu valley. Of the total 28 in the valley, 14 were selected purposively. From the selected institutions, all 377 eligible students currently in final year of study were selected. Among them, 208were from BSN and 169 were from B Sc program.  The data was collected through the self administered structured questioners after taking informed consent. Data entry and analysis was done in SPSS version 16 software. The findings of the study show that 70% students were satisfied in institutional management (mean59.62, SD ± 3.66). In academic management (78%), (mean139.82, SD ± 6.22), followed by human resources 67%, (mean43.54, SD ± 2.79) and were in physical resources management 75% students were satisfied (mean45.02, SD ± 3.08). Analysis of variations between group (administrators, faculties, students) found statistical significance (p value <0.05). So it is concluded the perception of students, faculties and administrator were different on managing the nursing education.

scholarly journals Factors associated with maternal near-miss at public hospitals of South-East Ethiopia: An institutional-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174550652110606
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Mekonnen ◽  
Genet Fikadu ◽  
Kenbon Seyoum ◽  
Gemechu Ganfure ◽  
Sisay Degno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Maternal Near Miss ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Maternal near-miss precedes maternal mortality, and women are still alive indicating that the numbers of near-misses occur more often than maternal mortality. This study aims to assess the prevalence of maternal near-miss and associated factors at public hospitals of Bale zone, Southeast Ethiopia. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study design was carried out from 1 October 2018 to 28 February 2019, among 300 women admitted to maternity wards. A structured questionnaire and checklist were used to collect data. Epi-info for data entry and statistical package for social science for analysis were used. The descriptive findings were summarized using tables and text. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 were used to examine the association between the independent and dependent variables. Result: The prevalence of maternal near-miss in our study area was 28.7%. Age < 20 years, age at first marriage < 20 years, husbands with primary education, and being from rural areas are factors significantly associated with the prevalence of maternal near-miss. The zonal health department in collaboration with the education department and justice office has to mitigate early marriage by educating the community about the impacts of early marriage on health.

scholarly journals Climate Change Awareness and related Tree Planting Practices in a Rural Community in North-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
A.A. Gobir ◽  
A.A. Aliyu ◽  
A.A. Abubakar ◽  
C. Esekhaigbe ◽  
I.A. Joshua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Tree Cutting ◽  
Fire Wood

Background: Tree cutting is one of the causes of climate change and a common practice in Africa, a continent under significant threat from climate change. Therefore, climate change awareness and mitigation are vital to reducing its impacts in the region. Reforestation through planting of trees is an important carbon emission reduction strategy. This study assessed climate change awareness and related tree planting practices among household heads in a Nigerian rural community.Methods: A community-based descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2019 among all household heads in Nasarawan Buhari community. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the 104 household heads (or their representatives). Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 21.0) and statistical significance was set at p value of < 0.05.Results: The mean age of respondents was 40.6±12.6 years, and most of them (87.5%) were males. Half (50.0%) were aware of climate change, and their main source of information was radio (63.5%). Most (98.1%) used fire wood for cooking. Only a minority (27.9%) planted at least a tree in the year preceding the study. There was a statistically significant association between climate change awareness and occupation (p=0.038) but not with tree planting (p=0.827).Conclusion: The results indicated that only half of respondents were aware of climate change. There was high use of wood as cooking fuel with low tree planting. Tree planting was not associated with climate change awareness. There is therefore a need for continuous climate change education and mitigation campaign in the community.

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