scholarly journals Retrospective and cross-sectional study on the prevalence of malaria in selected areas under elimination program in Dembiya district, North-western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihretu Tarekegn ◽  
Habte Tekie ◽  
Sisay Dugassa ◽  
Yitbarek Wolde-hawariat
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Ethiopia embarked on combating malaria with an aim to eliminate malaria from low transmission districts by 2030. This involves malaria vector interventions by implementing mainly indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) against endophilic and endophagic female Anopheles mosquitoes. Limited published reports are available about the status of malaria in areas under malaria elimination program in Ethiopia. This study intended to assess the prevalence of malaria in selected areas with a long history of implementing malaria prevention and elimination strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted in two selected malaria endemic areas in Dembiya District, Northwest Ethiopia. Thin and thick blood smears collected from 735 randomly selected individuals were microscopically examined for malaria parasites. Six years retrospective malaria data was also collected from the medical records of the health centres. Structured questionnaires were prepared to collect information about the socio-economic data of the population. The data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and p ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The six-year retrospective malaria prevalence trend indicates an overall malaria prevalence of 22.4%, out of which Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species. From a total of 735 slides examined for the presence of malaria parasites, 3.5% (n=26) were positive for malaria parasites, in which P. falciparum was more prevalent (n=17; 2.3%), P. vivax (n=5; 0.7%), and mixed infections (n=4; 0.5%). Males were 2.6 times more likely to be infected with malaria than females (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.0, 6.4), and individuals with frequent outdoor activity were 16.4 times more vulnerable than individuals with limited outdoor activities (AOR= 16.4, 95% CI: 1.8, 147.9). Furthermore, awareness about malaria transmission was significantly associated with the prevalence of malaria.Conclusions: Malaria is still a public health problem in Dembiya district irrespective of the past and existing vector control interventions. A malaria elimination plan might not be successful unless other alternative intervention tools targeting outdoor malaria transmission are included. For this, continuous monitoring of vectors’ susceptibility, density, and behaviour is very important in such areas.

scholarly journals Malaria prevalence and associated risk factors in Dembiya district, North-western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihretu Tarekegn ◽  
Habte Tekie ◽  
Sisay Dugassa ◽  
Yitbarek Wolde-Hawariat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Ethiopia embarked on combating malaria with an aim to eliminate malaria from low transmission districts by 2030. A continuous monitoring of malaria prevalence in areas under elimination settings is important to evaluate the status of malaria transmission and the effectiveness of the currently existing malaria intervention strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria and associated risk factors in selected areas of Dembiya district. Methods A cross-sectional parasitological and retrospective survey was conducted in the two localities of Dembiya District, selected based on their long standing history of implementing malaria prevention and elimination strategies. Thin and thick blood smears collected from 735 randomly selected individuals between October and December, 2018 were microscopically examined for malaria parasites. Six years (2012–2017) retrospective malaria data was collected from the medical records of the health centres. Structured questionnaires were prepared to collect information about the socio-economic data of the population. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine a key risk factor explaining the prevalence of malaria. The data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The 6-year retrospective malaria prevalence trend indicates an overall malaria prevalence of 22.4%, out of which Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species. From a total of 735 slides examined for the presence of malaria parasites, 3.5% (n = 26) were positive for malaria parasites, in which P. falciparum was more prevalent (n = 17; 2.3%), Plasmodium vivax (n = 5; 0.7%), and mixed infections (n = 4; 0.5%). Males were 2.6 times more likely to be infected with malaria than females (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.0, 6.4), and individuals with frequent outdoor activity were 16.4 times more vulnerable than individuals with limited outdoor activities (AOR = 16.4, 95% CI 1.8, 147.9). Furthermore, awareness about malaria transmission was significantly associated with the prevalence of malaria. Conclusions Malaria is still a public health problem in Dembiya district irrespective of the past and existing vector control interventions. Therefore, the authorities should work on designing alternative intervention strategies targeting outdoor malaria transmission and improving community awareness about malaria transmission and control methods in the study area. For this, continuous monitoring of vectors’ susceptibility, density, and behaviour is very important in such areas.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic malaria remains high among seasonal migrant workers depart to home from malarious areas and may cause a resurgence of malaria transmission at high lands of northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Tilaye Tilaye ◽  
Belay Tessema Tessema ◽  
Keshaun Alemu Gelaye
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Land Preparation

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, thousands of seasonal migrant workers used to travel from non-malaria or mild malaria transmission areas to malaria endemic areas for the purposes of seasonal farm activities. Most of these migrants are staying in the farm areas for land preparation, ploughing, planting, weeding and harvesting for specific period of time and back to their living areas. However, there is limited evidence how the seasonal migrant workers contribute in the transmission of malaria to new or less malaria transmission areas. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted at departure phase of seasonal migrant workers in Metema district from September 2018 to October 2019. A total of 1208 seasonal migrant workers were interviewed during their departure to home. Interviewed face to face interview was done using a pretested structured questionnaire. Moreover, blood samples were collected from each study participant for microscopic malaria parasite examination. The data was fitted with the logistic regression model to estimate the predictors’ of malaria transmissions. Results At the departure to home, the prevalence of malaria among seasonal migrant workers was 17.5% (15.6-19.45%). About 71.80 % (177/212) of the cases were Plasmodium falciparum, and 28.20% (35/212) Plasmodium vivax. The majority of seasonal migrant workers (77.4%) were from rural residence and highlanders (55%). Most (55.4%) of the migrants were visited two and more farm sites during their stay at development corridors for harvesting activities. About 116 (54.7%) asymptomatic malaria cases were returning to Dembiya(21.7%), Chilaga(19.8%) and Metema(13.2%) districts. Conclusion This study focuses on the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among seasonal migrant workers during the departure phase to home. The role of seasonal migrant workers in carrying and spreading malaria parasites, as well as challenging the country's malaria prevention and elimination efforts, could be enormous. Age, occupation, origin, the number of farm sites visited, and the frequency with which LLINs used were all associated with an increased asymptomatic malaria prevalence in the study area. Tailored interventions for seasonal migrant workers could be in place by programers, partners and implementers to enhance malaria control and elimination.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic malaria remains high among seasonal migrant workers depart to home from malarious areas and may cause a resurgence of malaria transmission at high lands of northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Tilaye ◽  
Belay Tessema ◽  
Kassahun Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Land Preparation

Abstract Background: In Ethiopia, thousands of seasonal migrant workers used to travel from non-malaria or mild malaria transmission areas to malaria-endemic areas for seasonal farm activities. Most of these migrants are staying in the farm areas for land preparation, plowing, planting, weeding, and harvesting for a specific period and back to their living areas. However, there is limited evidence of how the seasonal migrant workers contribute to the transmission of malaria to new or less malaria transmission areas.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the departure phase of seasonal migrant workers in the Metema district from September 2018 to October 2019. A total of 1208 seasonal migrant workers were interviewed during their departure from farm sites to their homes. Interviewed face to face interview was done using a pretested structured questionnaire. Moreover, blood samples were collected from each study participant for microscopic malaria parasite examination. The data were fitted with the logistic regression model to estimate the predictors’ of malaria transmissions. Results: At the departure to home, the prevalence of malaria among seasonal migrant workers was 17.5% (15.6-19.45%). About 71.80 % (177/212) of the cases were Plasmodium falciparum, and 28.20% (35/212) Plasmodium vivax. The majority of seasonal migrant workers (77.4%) were from rural residences and highlanders (55%). Most (55.4%) of the migrants have visited two and more farm sites during their stay at development corridors for harvesting activities. About 116 (54.7%) asymptomatic malaria cases were returning to Dembiya(21.7%), Chilaga(19.8%) and Metema(13.2%) districts. Conclusion: This study focuses on the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among seasonal migrant workers during the departure phase to home. The role of seasonal migrant workers in carrying and spreading malaria parasites, as well as challenging the country's malaria prevention and elimination efforts, could be enormous. Age, occupation, origin, the number of farm sites visited, and the frequency with which LLINs were used were all associated with an increased asymptomatic malaria prevalence in the study area. Tailored interventions for seasonal migrant workers could be in place by programmers, partners, and implementers to enhance malaria control and elimination.

scholarly journals Cross-Study of Malaria Prevalence in History, Bed Net Utilization, and Knowledge about the Disease among Tanzanian College Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yakobo Nyahoga ◽  
Zanda Bochkaeva
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Two Factors

University campuses are potential reservoirs of infectious diseases, but they are not in the research focus. It is obvious that the use of malaria preventive tools is extremely necessary in campus conditions in endemic countries. This study is the first malaria survey, conducted in a student campus in Tanzania. This cross-sectional study uncovered a surprisingly high prevalence of malaria history among students: 89,4% of 246 random respondents assume that they had malaria in history, among whom 145 (58,9%) suffered from the disease during the last year. And although students are relatively confident about the vector, parasite, and prevention measures of the disease, only 44,7% of the students use bed nets and 4,5% use a body spray or ointment daily. The others seldom use spray or ointment or do not care about the problem at all. This situation was found to be associated with two factors, financial and educational. Current results show that students are relatively educated on malaria, but they do not follow the malaria prevention guidance. It has become clear that at least proper informational propaganda of bed net use is required in Tanzanian university campuses.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of AsymptomaticLeishmania donovaniamong Laborers and Associated Risk Factors in Agricultural Camps of West Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Animen Ayehu ◽  
Yibeltal Aschale ◽  
Wossenseged Lemma ◽  
Animut Alebel ◽  
Ligabaw Worku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also called kala-azar) is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially in sesame and sorghum growing areas. Compared to other populations, labor migrants are the most exposed. Knowing the seroprevalence ofLeishmania donovaniand associated risk factors is essential to design appropriate control measures. The main aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers and associated risk factors in agricultural camps of West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofL. donovaniinfection.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 laborers from October to December 2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants from selected agricultural camps. After obtaining written informed consent, data were collected using a structured pretested Amharic version questionnaire using the interview technique. A single finger prick blood sample was collected from the study participants and the blood samples were subjected to the serological diagnostic method using the rk39 kit. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated withL. donovaniinfection.Result. Among 185 participants examined using rk39, 14 (7.6%) were seroreactive forL. donovani.Leishmania donovaniinfection had a statistically significant association with sleeping underBalanitestrees (AOR: 4.36, 95%CI: 1.186-16.06), presence of domestic animals near sleeping place (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.25-17.56), and lack of knowledge about VL transmission (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.07-13.47).Conclusion. Seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers in agricultural camps of West Armachiho was low. Prevention measures and health education about risk factors that expose toL. donovaniinfection for the laborers are essential to prevent the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Community knowledge and perceptions about indoor residual spraying for malaria prevention in Soroti district, Uganda: a cross-sectional study

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ediau ◽  
Juliet N Babirye ◽  
Nazarius M Tumwesigye ◽  
Joseph KB Matovu ◽  
Simba Machingaidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Knowledge

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Tuberculosis in Prisons Settings of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mucheye Gizachew Beza ◽  
Emirie Hunegnaw ◽  
Moges Tiruneh
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
Prison Admission

Background. Tuberculosis, mainly in prisoners, is a major public health problem in Ethiopia where there is no medical screening during prison admission. This creates scarcity of TB data in such settings. Objective. To determine prevalence and associated factors of TB in prisons in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2016 among 265 prisoners in three prison sites. Sputum was processed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Multivariable logistic regression was used; p values = 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. Of 265 prisoners, 9 (3.4%) were TB positive (males); 77.8%, 55.6%, and 55.6% of cases were rural dwellers, married, and farmers, respectively. Seven (2.6%) prisoners were HIV positive, and 3 (1.13%) had TB/HIV coinfection. One (0.4%) TB case was rifampicin resistant. Marriage (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.7, 13.03), HIV (AOR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.17), and sharing of rooms (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 2.6, 10.20) were predictors for TB. Conclusion. Nine prisoners were TB positive. One case showed rifampicin resistance and three had TB/HIV coinfection. Marriage, HIV, and sharing of rooms were predictors for TB. Prevention/control and monitoring are mandatory in such settings.

scholarly journals Treatment Outcome of Severe Malaria and Associated Factors among Adults Admitted in Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Nation Nationality and People’s Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Solomon K. Bekele ◽  
Muluken B. Ayele ◽  
Asmare G. Mihiret ◽  
Negalign G. Dinegde ◽  
Hussen Mekonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected Female

Introduction. Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Progression to severe and fatal disease is largely but not entirely confined to Plasmodium falciparum infections. Malaria is a major public health problem in Ethiopia despite relatively low malaria prevalence compared to most other malaria-endemic countries in Africa. In Ethiopia, a nationwide report during 2015 showed that the total number of deaths associated with malaria was 1561. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch General Hospital on February 2019. Data were collected from a patient record who was admitted with severe malaria in the past four years from Sept. 2015 to Aug. 2018. Results. This study included a total of 387 patients with severe malaria. The mortality rate associated with severe malaria in the year between 2015 and 2018 at Arba Minch General Hospital was 5.7%. Comorbidity, impaired consciousness, and acidosis were significantly associated with mortality, at significant level of P < 0.05 . Conclusions. Comorbidity, impaired consciousness, and acidosis were found to be poor prognostic indicators for patients with severe malaria.

scholarly journals Prevalence of violence and associated factors among Youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alehegn Bishaw Geremew ◽  
Abebaw Addis Gelagay ◽  
Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽  
Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu ◽  
Solomon Mekonen Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. The calculated sample size was 1765. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to get the study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and then exported to STATA 14 for data analysis. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence. Results From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population, 1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR=5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, Living with mother’s only (AOR= 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.66). Conclusions The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis should be given to reduce the burden of youth violence and preventing and controlling the identified factors by modifying the existing policies/strategies or developing new strategies and interventions program. Keywords: Violence, Youth, Physical violence, Sexual violence, Psychological violence

scholarly journals Malaria prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice among febrile patients attending Chagni health center, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogale Belay ◽  
Tegenu Gelana ◽  
Araya Gebresilassie
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Ethiopia has achieved considerable progresses in the prevention and control of malaria in the past decades; hitherto it is a formidable health concern and socio-economic impediment. This study aimed at assessing the magnitude, knowledge, attitudes and practices towards malaria among febrile patients attending Chagni health center, northwest Ethiopia. Methods Health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of malaria and KAP towards malaria among febrile patients at Chagni health center in Chagni Town during September 2017 to February 2018. In order to determine the magnitude of malaria, finger prick blood samples were collected and thick and thin smears were prepared and microscopically examined for the presence of malaria parasites. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was also applied to assess KAP of suspected malaria patients, attending the health center. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results Prevalence of malaria among febrile patients, who visited the sampled health facility, was 7.3%. Of these, Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infections accounted for 55, 44.3 and 0.7% of the cases, respectively. This study also revealed that 97% of the respondents had ever heard about malaria and recognized it as a serious health problem. Mosquito bite was identified as the main malaria transmission. Taking drug (86.3%), use of mosquito nets (73.3%), drain stagnated water (68%), and house spay with insecticides (66%) were mentioned as the main malaria prevention methods. Mosquito net coverage and utilizations in the prior night were 98 and 75%, respectively. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage was 99%, of which 77.5% of study participants’ houses have been sprayed in the last 6 months. Conclusions The current study revealed that prevalence of malaria among febrile illnesses in the study area was relatively low (7.3%) with a high proportion of P. falciparum. Besides, participants had adequate knowledge, encouraging attitudes, and good practices about prevention and control of malaria. However, some misconceptions on malaria disease, its transmission, and prevention have been noted that actually require due attention by the concerned stakeholders. The findings of this study could be used as important inputs for the implementation of effective malaria prevention and control methods, including community health education programs, and scaling up coverage of evidence-based interventions.

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