scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterizations of Doped Barium Zirconate – Alkali Carbonate Composite Electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Taillades ◽  
Ismahan Hachemi ◽  
Mathieu Marrony ◽  
Julian Dailly
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Barium Zirconate ◽  
Composite Electrolytes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Main Charge ◽  
Alkali Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Composite materials based on yttrium-doped zirconate (BaZr0.9Y0.1 O2.95, BZY) and eutectic compositions of alkali carbonates (Li2CO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3) are investigated. These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. This study evidences that the combination of BZY with carbonate promotes the densification and enhances the ionic conductivity which reaches 87 mS.cm-1 at 400°C for the BZY – LNK40 composite. In addition, the increase of the conductivity as a function of pH2 suggests that protons are the main charge carriers. The obtained results are interpreted by the transfer of protons from the ceramic to the carbonate phase in the interfacial region.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterizations of Barium Zirconate–Alkali Carbonate Composite Electrolytes for Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Gilles Taillades ◽  
Ismahan Hachemi ◽  
Paul Pers ◽  
Julian Dailly ◽  
Mathieu Marrony
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Barium Zirconate ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Main Charge ◽  
Alkali Carbonate

Composite ionic conductors for intermediate temperature fuel cells (ITFC) were produced by a combination of yttrium-substituted barium zirconate (BaZr0.9Y0.1 O2.95, BZY) and eutectic compositions of alkali carbonates (Li2CO3, Na2CO3, and K2CO3, abbreviated L, N, K). These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. The combination of BZY with alkali metal carbonate promotes the densification and enhances the ionic conductivity, which reaches 87 mS·cm−1 at 400 °C for the BZY–LNK40 composite. In addition, the increase of the conductivity as a function of hydrogen partial pressure suggests that protons are the main charge carriers. The results are interpreted in terms of the transfer of protons from the ceramic component to the carbonate phase in the interfacial region.

scholarly journals Effects of Calcination Temperatures on Photocatalytic Activity of Ordered Titanate Nanoribbon/SnO2Films Fabricated during an EPD Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhao ◽  
Jingrun Ran ◽  
Zhan Shu ◽  
Guotian Dai ◽  
Pengcheng Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Fto Glass ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ordered titanate nanoribbon (TNR)/SnO2films were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process using hydrothermally prepared titanate nanoribbon as a precursor. The formation mechanism of ordered TNR film on the fluorine-doped SnO2coated (FTO) glass was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of calcination temperatures on the phase structure and photocatalytic activity of ordered TNR/SnO2films were investigated and discussed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the phase transformation of titanate to anatase occurs at 400°C and with increasing calcination temperature, the crystallization of anatase increases. At 600°C, the nanoribbon morphology still hold and the TiO2/SnO2film exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity due to the good crystallization, unique morphology, and efficient photogenerated charge carriers separation and transfer at the interface of TiO2and SnO2.

Preparation and Properties of B2O3-Doped Ba(Zr0.07Ti0.93)O3 Ceramics

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jarupoom ◽  
Gobwute Rujijanagul ◽  
Kamonpan Pengpat ◽  
Tawee Tunkasiri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sintered Sample ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Barium Zirconate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Barium Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Property Measurement ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, barium zirconate titanate (Ba(Zr0.07Ti0.93)O3) ferroelectric ceramics doped with B2O3 were prepared by the conventional mixed-oxide method. The properties of the ceramics as a function of sintering temperature were investigated. Various technique such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, scanning electron microscopy, dielectric permittivity spectroscopy and ferroelectric property measurement were used to obtain characteristic of the ceramics. The optimum density was observed for 1250 oC sintered sample. An increase in sintering temperature produced a decrease in dielectric constant. However, ferroelectric behavior was improved in 1275 oC sintered sample. The results were discussed in term of microstructure and crystallinity of the ceramics.

LiCF3SO3 – CeO2 Composite Electrolytes Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique: Structural and Conductivity Studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Dzulkurnain ◽  
Mohamed Nor Sabirin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Electrolytes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Prepared Composite ◽  
Scanning Electron

(100-x) LiCF3SO3 + (x) CeO2 composite electrolytes were prepared using sol-gel technique followed by sintering at 300 °C for four hours. Structural property and conductivity of the prepared composite electrolytes were studied using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis and Impedance Spectroscopy. The XRD spectra show only crystalline peaks of CeO2 indicating that LiCF3SO3 exists in the form of amorphous phase. This is confirmed by SEM and EDX analyses. The highest ionic conductivity at room temperature is found to be in the order of 10-3 S cm-1 for the composite of 70 mol % LiCF3SO3 - 30 mol % CeO2. The conductivity of the composite electrolytes is observed to increase gradually with temperature.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Environmental scanning electron microscopy of fresh human gallstones reveals new morphologies of precipitated calcium salts

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kaufman ◽  
Keith D. Lillemoe ◽  
John T. Mastovich ◽  
Henry A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gallstones contain precipitated cholesterol, calcium salts, and proteins. Calcium (Ca) bilirubinate, palmitate, phosphate, and carbonate occurring in gallstones have variable morphologies but characteristic windowless energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Previous studies of gallstone microstructure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX have been limited to dehydrated samples. In this state, Ca bilirubinates appear as either glassy masses, which predominate in black pigment stones, or as clusters, which are found mostly in cholesterol gallstones. The three polymorphs of Ca carbonate, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, have been identified in gallstones by x-ray diffraction, however; the morphologies of these crystals vary in the literature. The purpose of this experiment was to study fresh gallstones by environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine if dehydration affects gallstone Ca salt morphology.Gallstones and bile were obtained fresh at cholecystectomy from 6 patients. To prevent dehydration, stones were stored in bile at 37°C. All samples were studied within 4 days of procurement.

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 synthesized by anodization and anodic spark deposition

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (61) ◽  
pp. 3141-3152
Author(s):  
Alma C. Chávez-Mejía ◽  
Génesis Villegas-Suárez ◽  
Paloma I. Zaragoza-Sánchez ◽  
Rafael Magaña-López ◽  
Julio C. Morales-Mejía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Amorphous Solids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Anodic Spark Oxidation ◽  
Porous Surfaces ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractSeveral photocatalysts, based on titanium dioxide, were synthesized by spark anodization techniques and anodic spark oxidation. Photocatalytic activity was determined by methylene blue oxidation and the catalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated after 70 hours of reaction. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X Ray Diffraction analysis were used to characterize the catalysts. The photocatalyst prepared with a solution of sulfuric acid and 100 V presented the best performance in terms of oxidation of the dye (62%). The electric potential during the synthesis (10 V, low potential; 100 V, high potential) affected the surface characteristics: under low potential, catalyst presented smooth and homogeneous surfaces with spots (high TiO2 concentration) of amorphous solids; under low potential, catalyst presented porous surfaces with crystalline solids homogeneously distributed.

The Effect of the Microstructure of Diffusion Barriers on the Palladium Activation for Electroless Copper Deposition

2002 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Woo Hong ◽  
Yong Sun Lee ◽  
Ki-Chul Park ◽  
Jong-Wan Park
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Copper Deposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plan View ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electroless Copper ◽  
Sheet Resistance Measurement ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe effect of microstructure of dc magnetron sputtered TiN and TaN diffusion barriers on the palladium activation for autocatalytic electroless copper deposition has been investigated by using X-ray diffraction, sheet resistance measurement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and plan view transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The density of palladium nuclei on TaN diffusion barrier increases as the grain size of TaN films decreases, which was caused by increasing nitrogen content in TaN films. Plan view TEM results of TiN and TaN diffusiton barriers showed that palladium nuclei formed mainly on the grain boundaries of the diffusion barriers.

PENINGKATAN LAJU DISOLUSI ACYCLOVIR DENGAN METODE SISTEM DISPERSI PADAT MENGGUNAKAN POLOXAMER 188

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Erizal Zaini ◽  
Salman Umar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Poloxamer 188 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sebuah penelitian tentang sistem dispersi padat dari asiklovir dengan poloxamer 188 telah dilakukan formulasi dengan pencampuran secara fisika dengan rasio 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 dan dispersi padat 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 dan penggilingan 1:1 sebagai pembanding. Dispersi padat dibuat menggunakan metode pencairan (fusi), yang digabung dengan poloxamer 188 pada hotplate kemudian asiklovir dimasukkan ke dalam hasil poloxamer 188 lalu di kocok hingga membentuk masa homogen. Semua formula yang terbentuk termasuk asiklovir poloxamer 188 murni dianalisis karakterisasinya dengan Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), kemudian pengambilan dilakukan  (penentuan kadar) mengunakan spektrofotometer UV pada panjang gelombang 257,08 nm dan uji laju disolusi dengan aquadest bebas CO2 menggunakan metode dayung. Hasil pengambilan  (penentuan kadar) menunjukkan bahwa semua formula memenuhi persyaratan farmakope Amerika edisi 30 dan farmakope Indonesia edisi 4 yaitu 95-110%. Sedangkan hasil uji laju disolusi untuk campuran fisik 1: 1, dan dispersi padat 1: 1, dan penggilingan 1: 1 menunjukkan peningkatan yang nyata dibandingkan asiklovir murni. Hal ini juga dapat dilihat dari hasil perhitungan statistik  menggunakan analisis varian satu arah  SPSS 17.

Structural Characterization of Gallbladder Stones Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Almarshad ◽  
Sayed M. Badawy ◽  
Abdalkarem F. Alsharari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
Pure Cholesterol ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim and Objective: Formation of the gallbladder stones is a common disease and a major health problem. The present study aimed to identify the structures of the most common types of gallbladder stones using X-ray spectroscopic techniques, which provide information about the process of stone formation. Material and Method: Phase and elemental compositions of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones removed from gallbladders of patients were studied using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction. Results: The crystal structures of gallstones which coincide with standard patterns were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Plate-like cholesterol crystals with laminar shaped and thin layered structures were clearly observed for gallstone of pure cholesterol by scanning electron microscopy; it also revealed different morphologies from mixed cholesterol stones. Elemental analysis of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the different formation processes of the different types of gallstones. Conclusion: The method of fast and reliable X-ray spectroscopic techniques has numerous advantages over the traditional chemical analysis and other analytical techniques. The results also revealed that the X-ray spectroscopy technique is a promising technique that can aid in understanding the pathogenesis of gallstone disease.

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