scholarly journals An Enzymatic Method for Harvesting Functional Melanosomes After Keratin Extraction – Maximizing Resource Recovery from Human Hair 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Hui Ying Lai ◽  
Archana Gautam ◽  
Darien Yu De Kwek ◽  
Yibing Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Total Resource ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract Hair contains about 80% keratins and 1–3% melanin packaged in melanosomes. Both of which are high-value and functional raw materials that have potential applications in wide ranging fields. While keratin extraction has been widely refined, efficient methods of melanosome extraction are limited. The extraction of melanosomes requires complete removal of keratin, thus combined keratin extraction and melanosome isolation is logical. Herein, a successive process to harvest melanosomes after keratin extraction from human hair waste was developed. The yield of melanosome was about 1.3% of total hair mass. The structure of harvested melanosomes is well preserved based on surface morphology and interior ultrastructural observations using electron microscopy. The chemical structure, UV-filtering ability, and thermal stability of the melanosomes are examined to demonstrate preservation of native functions. Our strategy of combining melanosome isolation with keratin extraction is shown to be effective and significantly improves the total resource recovery efficiency from human hair waste.

scholarly journals Extraordinary thermal behavior of graphene oxide in air for electrode applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joong Tark Han ◽  
Joon Young Cho ◽  
Jeong Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Stability Of Solution ◽  
Exfoliated Graphene ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The thermal stability of solution-exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) in air is one of the most important physical properties influencing its potential applications. To date, majority of the GO prepared by...

scholarly journals Fungal Melanins and Applications in Healthcare, Bioremediation and Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Ellie Rose Mattoon ◽  
Radames J. B. Cordero ◽  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Metal Chelation ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Societal Benefit ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fungal Melanin ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Fungal Melanins ◽  
Isolated Species

Melanin is a complex multifunctional pigment found in all kingdoms of life, including fungi. The complex chemical structure of fungal melanins, yet to be fully elucidated, lends them multiple unique functions ranging from radioprotection and antioxidant activity to heavy metal chelation and organic compound absorption. Given their many biological functions, fungal melanins present many possibilities as natural compounds that could be exploited for human use. This review summarizes the current discourse and attempts to apply fungal melanin to enhance human health, remove pollutants from ecosystems, and streamline industrial processes. While the potential applications of fungal melanins are often discussed in the scientific community, they are successfully executed less often. Some of the challenges in the applications of fungal melanin to technology include the knowledge gap about their detailed structure, difficulties in isolating melanotic fungi, challenges in extracting melanin from isolated species, and the pathogenicity concerns that accompany working with live melanotic fungi. With proper acknowledgment of these challenges, fungal melanin holds great potential for societal benefit in the coming years.

scholarly journals Deep Eutectic Solvents Based Choline Chloride for Enzymatic Biodiesel Production from Degumming Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Manurung ◽  
Taslim ◽  
A.G.A. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have numerous potential applications as cosolvents. In this study, use of DES as organic solvents for enzymatic biodiesel production from degumming palm oil (DPO) was investigated. Deep eutectic solvent was synthesized using choline chloride salt (ChCl) compounds with glycerol and 1,2-propanediol. Deep eutectic solvent was characterized by viscosity, density, pH and freezing values, which were tested for effectiveness by enzymatic reactions for the production of palm biodiesel with raw materials DPO. Deep eutectic solvent of ChCl and glycerol produced the highest biodiesel yield (98.98%); weight of DES was only 0.5 % of that of the oil. In addition, the use of DES maintained the activity and stability of novozym enzymes, which was assessed as the yield until the 6th usage, which was 95.07 % biodiesel yield compared with the yield without using DES. Hence, using DES, glycerol in enzymatic biodiesel production had high potentiality as an organic solvent for palm oil biodiesel production

New uses for brick-making clay materials from the Bailén area (southern Spain)

Clay Minerals ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gonzalez ◽  
E. Galan ◽  
A. Miras ◽  
P. Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Clay Materials

AbstractAn attempt has been made to assess new potential applications for the Bailén clays, traditionally used for manufacturing bricks, based on mineralogical, chemical, particle size, plasticity and firing results. Raw materials and mixtures used by the local factory were selected and tested with the addition of some diatomite, feldspar or kaolin. Based on their properties, clay materials from Bailén might be suitable for making porous red wall tiles, clinker, vitrified red floor tiles and porous light-coloured wall tiles by pressing; the first could be manufactured from the raw materials and mixtures currently used by the local manufactures. On the other hand, stoneware shaped by extrusion, such as perforated bricks, facing bricks and roofing tiles, can be also manufactured from the mixtures used at the factory if they contain 20-25% carbonate and small amounts of iron oxides; lightweight bricks require black and yellow clays with diatomite.

scholarly journals Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Functionalized Silica/Octamethacryl-Silsesquioxane Hybrid Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Szwarc-Rzepka ◽  
Filip Ciesielczyk ◽  
Teofil Jesionowski
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Functionalized Silica ◽  
Silica Support ◽  
Chemical Immobilization ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Oligomeric Silsesquioxane ◽  
Cp Mas Nmr ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Alkoxysilane-grafted silica/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane with methacryl substituents (SiO2/silane/POSS) hybrid material was synthesized according to hydrolyzation and condensation reactions in the so-called “bifunctionalization process.” It is a new attractive system because of its physicochemical, especially thermal and structural, properties. This innovative method of preparation as well as specific physicochemical and useful properties determine the potential applications of such products in many industries. The structure and physicochemical parameters of obtained hybrid systems were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),13C and29Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (CP MAS NMR), and thermal analysis. The mechanism of bifunctionalization reaction was proposed. The chemical immobilization of silane coupling agent and Methacryl POSS onto silica support surface was noted during the study. Those changes caused a significant increase in the hydrophobic character of fillers obtained. Moreover, changes in thermal stability of SiO2/silane/POSS hybrid systems in comparison to pure POSS modifier were also observed.

scholarly journals A Review of Bacteriochlorophyllides: Chemical Structures and Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293
Author(s):  
Chih-Hui Yang ◽  
Keng-Shiang Huang ◽  
Yi-Ting Wang ◽  
Jei-Fu Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Heme Synthesis ◽  
Potential Applications

Generally, bacteriochlorophyllides were responsible for the photosynthesis in bacteria. Seven types of bacteriochlorophyllides have been disclosed. Bacteriochlorophyllides a/b/g could be synthesized from divinyl chlorophyllide a. The other bacteriochlorophyllides c/d/e/f could be synthesized from chlorophyllide a. The chemical structure and synthetic route of bacteriochlorophyllides were summarized in this review. Furthermore, the potential applications of bacteriochlorophyllides in photosensitizers, immunosensors, influence on bacteriochlorophyll aggregation, dye-sensitized solar cell, heme synthesis and for light energy harvesting simulation were discussed.

Synthesis of biomass based plasticizer from linoleic acid and cardanol for preparing durable PVC material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Chu ◽  
Huabei Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Yaowang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Migration Resistance ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract In this paper, we synthesized a kind of bio-based plasticizer epoxidized linoleic acid cardanol ester(ELCE) from cardanol and linoleic acid. Its chemical structure was characterized with FT-IR and 1H NMR. Polyvinyl chloride(PVC) blends plasticized with ELCE were prepared via thermoplastic blending with torque rheometer. The performance including torque, mechanical property, thermal stability, plasticizing property and migration resistance of plasticized PVC blends were investigated and compared with plasticized PVC blends with commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate(DOP). The results showed that ELCE improved thermal stability of PVC blends. ELCE played more excellent plasticizing effect on PVC blends than DOP. The better solvent extraction resistance and volatile resistance of ELCE make it impossible to completely replace DOP in PVC products.

From Wastewater Treatment to Total Resource Recovery – Changes are Happening in Auckland, NZ

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (9) ◽  
pp. 5729-5747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles Lind ◽  
Jay Witherspoon ◽  
Bharambe Gokul ◽  
Jay Surti
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Total Resource

Systematic Characterization of Different Quaternary Ammonium Salts to be Used in Organoclays

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1552-1556
Author(s):  
Renata Barbosa ◽  
Dayanne Diniz Souza ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Tomás Jefférson Alves de Mélo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Studies of degradation have verified that the decomposition of some quaternary ammonium salts can begin to be significant at the temperature of about 180 ° C and like most thermoplastics are processed at least around this temperature, the thermal stability of the salt in clay should always be considered. Some salts are more stable than others, being necessary to study the degradation mechanisms of each case. In this work, four quaternary ammonium salts were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The results of DSC and TG showed that the salts based chloride (Cl-) anion begin to degrade at similar temperatures, while the salt based bromide (Br-) anion degrades at higher temperature. Subsequently, a quaternary ammonium salt was chosen to be used in organoclays, depending on its chemical structure and its thermal behavior.

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