scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Zn, Cu, and Ni and Bacillus Thuringiensis On the Hemocyte Count and the Antioxidant Activities of Hyphantria Cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) Larvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oğuzhan Yanar ◽  
Elif F. Topkara ◽  
Fatma G. Solmaz ◽  
Sevcan Mercan
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea

Abstract Insects are model organisms for immunological studies. The cellular and the antioxidant enzyme responses of insects are major bioindicators against environmental stresses (metal exposure, infection, etc.). In our study, the differences in the hemocyte counts and the antioxidant enzyme activities of Hyphantria cunea larvae exposed to the different amounts of zinc, copper, and nickel and Bacillus thuringiensis infection were determined. With metal exposure, the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities increased, but the hemocyte counts decreased. Additionally, both the hemocyte counts and the enzyme activities increased with Bacillus thuringiensis infection. As a result of this study, we found that the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and the hemocyte counts varied in response to both metal exposure and bacterial infection.

scholarly journals Effects of gallic acid and Zn, Cu, and Ni on antioxidant enzyme activities of Hyphantria cunea larvae infected with Bacillus thuringiensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Fatma Topkara ◽  
Oğuzhan Yanar ◽  
Fatma Gönül Solmaz
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Antagonistic Effects

Abstract The effects of copper, nickel, and zinc and the potent antioxidant gallic acid on the antioxidant enzyme activities of Hyphantria cunea larvae infected with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki have been identified in this study. With metal exposure, all the enzyme activities have increased. Antagonistic effects were observed in the combination of gallic acid with all three metals on the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In glutathione peroxidase activity, an antagonistic effect was observed in gallic acid plus nickel group, while there was a synergistic effect for gallic acid plus zinc and gallic acid plus copper. Activities of these enzymes in larvae exposed only to the metals increased in the infected groups; while exposure to gallic acid alone elicited a decrease. As a consequence, it was found that enzyme activities were affected by both metals and gallic acid and infection.

scholarly journals Investigation of Some Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Cherry Fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 725-729
Author(s):  
Tuğba Gür ◽  
Fatih Karahan ◽  
Halit Demir ◽  
Canan Demir
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
The Family

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme (CAT) activities with strong antioxidant properties were determined in cherry fruits obtained from different regions such as Aegean, Mediterranean and Marmara. The cherry fruit extract was prepared and some antioxidant activities were determined. Cherry (prunus avium) is a fruit belonging to the family of rosaceae. Its homeland is asia minor. Many varieties are grown in Turkey. There are more than a hundred culture forms grown in north america with temperate regions of europe and asia. Its body is in the form of a flat-shell tree. Cherry is a fruit rich in vitamin C. They do not contain fat and cholesterol. It contains essential minerals such as fiber, vitamin A, iron, calcium, protein as well as abundant potassium. Red cherries also contain melatonin, which helps combat harmful toxins. Due to its antioxidant properties, it has many benefits such as prevention of some types of cancer, reduction of inflammation, prevention of gout and removal of muscle pain. For this purpose, it is aimed to determine some enzyme activities which are thought to be found in cherry fruit. In this study, antioxidant enzyme activities in cherry fruit were determined by spectrophotometric method. Additonaly the findings were analyzed by using multidimensional statistical methods and the results were discussed in a multidimensional manner. It is obtained that the highest catalase enzyme activity was determined in the Aegean region (4.330 U/L), while the highest superoxide dismutase enzyme activity was found in the Mediterranean region (7.176 U/L).

Cytokines increase rat lung antioxidant enzymes during exposure to hyperoxia

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. White ◽  
P. Ghezzi ◽  
S. McMahon ◽  
C. A. Dinarello ◽  
J. E. Repine
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Pretreatment with the combination of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF/C) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in lungs of rats continuously exposed to hyperoxia for 72 h, a time when all untreated rats had already died. Pretreatment with TNF/C and IL-1 also increased, albeit slightly, lung G6PDH and GR activities of rats exposed to hyperoxia for 4 or 16 h. By comparison, no differences occurred in lung antioxidant enzyme activities of TNF/C and IL-1- or saline-pretreated rats exposed to hyperoxia for 36 or 52 h; the latter is a time just before untreated rats began to succumb during exposure to hyperoxia. The results raise the possibility that TNF/C and IL-1 treatment can increase lung antioxidant enzyme activities and that increased lung antioxidant enzymes may contribute to the increased survival of TNF/C and IL-1-pretreated rats in hyperoxia for greater than 72 h.

Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase during epididymal maturation and prolonged storage of spermatozoa in the Mexican big-eared bat (Corynorhinus mexicanus)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Arenas-Ríos ◽  
M A León-Galván ◽  
P E Mercado ◽  
A Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Epididymal Spermatozoon

We studied the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes during epididymal spermatozoon maturation and storage in Corynorhinus mexicanus (G.M. Allen, 1916), a vespertilionid bat that stores spermatozoa in the epididymides for several months after regression of the testes. Depending on the phase of the epididymal reproductive cycle, two different patterns of antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in C. mexicanus. Catalase activity is clearly present in both caput and cauda epididymides throughout the entire annual reproductive cycle, being particularly high during the post-testicular phase of epididymal function. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, present during the testicular phase of epididymal transport and maturation of spermatozoa, is almost completely absent or inhibited in both epididymal segments during the post-testicular epididymal storage period. GPx activity is low during the testicular phase of epididymal spermatozoon maturation and is high in both epididymal segments during the storage phase of epididymal function. From our results, we postulate that (i) the pattern of epididymal antioxidant enzyme activities in C. mexicanus is significantly different from the pattern that is proposed to be unique for mammals; (ii) epididymal function in these species of bats can be clearly divided into two phases, a testicular-dependent phase that is related to the spermatozoon maturation function of the epididymides and a testicular-independent phase that is related to the long-term spermatozoon storage function observed in these mammals; (iii) the study of the regulation of the redox potential of the microenvironment, associated with mammalian spermatozoa as they transit through the epididymides, must be particularly focused on the anatomical region where ROS generation scavenging and spermatozoon maturation storage processes take place.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical changes in waterlog tolerant sesame genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Saha ◽  
F Ahmed ◽  
N Mokarroma ◽  
MM Rohman ◽  
PC Golder
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Sesame Genotypes

An experiment was conducted under pot culture to investigate physiological responses as well as antioxidative enzymes activities that may lead to select sesame genotype (s) which were more waterlogging tolerant at vegetative stage. Four sesame genotypes viz. BD-6980, BD- 6985, BD-6992 and BD-7012 were grown under waterlogged (at vegetative stage) and control (no waterlogged) conditions. Plant height, root length, root volume, root dry weight and leaf area per plant in all the four sesame genotypes significantly decreased due to waterlogging at vegetative stage in comparison to controlled condition. Higher SPAD value (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development) and specific leaf mass were recorded in waterlogged plant than controlled plant during waterlogging period but reverse was the case during recovery period. All the genotypes showed positive indices of waterlogging tolerance in terms of better performance of root, stem, leaf and petiole. Among the genotypes, BD 6980 showed higher waterlogging tolerance in all the components followed by BD 6985. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found higher in waterlogged plant of all the four sesame genotypes in both waterlogging period and recovery period than the controlled plant. Antioxidant enzyme activities like Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Superoxide dismutase(SOD) were inconsistent in the present study but most of the antioxidant enzyme activities showed an increasing trend in waterlogged plant than that of control plant in all the genotypes. Comparatively low amount of MDA content and high antioxidant activities of sesame genotype BD 6980 is considered as highly tolerant to waterlogging and other three genotypes are moderately tolerant under water logging condition.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 31-45 (2016)

Exercise modulates antioxidant enzyme gene expression in rat myocardium and liver

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1791-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Wilson ◽  
P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Rnase Protection Assay ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Our previous studies have shown that exercise caused changes in the tissue activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. To determine whether the changes observed were due to changes in mRNA levels of the enzymes, levels of tissue mRNA were determined by quantitative RNase protection assay. Comparisons of tissue enzyme activities and mRNA levels in sedentary and exercised animals showed that, in some cases (e.g., glutathione peroxidase in SH and WKY myocardium), parallel changes in enzyme activity and mRNA levels occurred, whereas in other cases (e.g., catalase in SH and WKY liver), nonparallel changes were found. Exercise of hypertensive rats altered antioxidant enzyme mRNA levels to those seen in normotensive animals in some, but not all, cases. The results suggest that transcriptional control over changes in exercise-related antioxidant enzyme activities is operative in some cases, although in other cases posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms may exist.

scholarly journals Effects of copper deficiency on hepatic and cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities in lactose- and sucrose-fed rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Lynch ◽  
J. J. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

1. A number of dietary sugars are known to mediate the effects of copper deficiency. The effects of lactose (compared with sucrose) and a dietary Cu deficiency on hepatic and cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue mineral element status were investigated in the rat.2. Groups (n 6) of male weanling Wistar rats were provided ad lib. with deionized water and diets containing sucrose (580 g/kg) or sucrose and lactose (387 g/kg and 193 g/kg respectively) with either control (12.0 mg/kg) or deficient (1.5 mg/kg) quantities of Cu for 77 d.3. Animals consuming the low-Cu diets exhibited significantly decreased tissue Cu levels (P < 0.01), hepatic and cardiac cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1, CCO) activities (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 respectively) and hepatic Cu-zinc superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, CuZnSOD) activity (P < 0.05). The low-Cu diets also significantly decreased cardiac manganese superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, MnSOD), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9, GSH-Px) activities (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 respectively).4. Hepatic Mn was significantly increased in both lactose-fed (P < 0.001) and Cu-deficient (P < 0.01) animals. These increases were unrelated to hepatic MnSOD activity. Cardiac Zn was significantly (P < 0.01) increased in Cu-deficient animals.5. Lactose feeding resulted in significantly increased cardiac CCO activity (P < 0.001) but significantly decreased hepatic CuZnSOD (P < 0.05), catalase (P < 0.01) and GSH-Px (P < 0.001) activities.6. The activities of lactose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49, G6PDH) were found to be significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively) increased in Cu-deficient animals and G6PDH activity was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased as a result of lactose consumption.7. The observed changes in antioxidant enzyme activities associated with both Cu deficieny and lactose consumption may have important implications for the development of free radical mediated cell damage. However, no significant differences in either hepatic or cardiac levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, a measure of lipid peroxidation, were found.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Recombinant Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 Expressing Antioxidant Enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Zhaoyan Lin ◽  
Seockmo Ku ◽  
Taehwan Lim ◽  
Sun Young Park ◽  
Myeong Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ht 29

Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4-SK (BGN4-SK), a recombinant strain which was constructed from B. bifidum BGN4 (BGN4) to produce superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, was analyzed to determine its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Culture conditions were determined to maximize the SOD and catalase activities of BGN4-SK. The viability, intracellular radical oxygen species (ROS) levels, intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were determined to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BGN4-SK in human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) and murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). Antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) were produced at the highest levels when BGN4-SK was cultured for 24 h in a medium containing 500 μM MnSO4 and 30 μM hematin, with glucose as the carbon source. The viability and intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities of H2O2-stimulated HT-29 treated with BGN4-SK were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of cells treated with BGN4. The intracellular ROS levels of H2O2-stimulated HT-29 cells treated with BGN4-SK were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of cells treated with BGN4. BGN4-SK more significantly suppressed the production of interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.05), tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.01), and IL-8 (p < 0.05) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HT-29 and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells compared to BGN4. These results suggest that BGN4-SK may have enhanced antioxidant activities against oxidative stress in H2O2-stimulated HT-29 cells and enhanced anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated HT-29 and RAW 264.7 cells.

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