scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of the factors associated with initiation to crystal use in Iran.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽  
Fatemeh Zarghami ◽  
Ali Shahryari ◽  
Ali Mohammadinia ◽  
Mohsen Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Crystal Methamphetamine ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Abstract Background: Crystal (methamphetamine) is a strong stimulant of addictive substances that affects the central nervous system. The consumption of this substance is increasing among teenagers and adult young people in the country. In this matter, one of the practical and important ways to its control is to identify the factors leading to its first use. Thus this paper, explores the factors related to the first crystal use in Golestan province, Iran.Methods: In a qualitative study, 19 crystal users were recruited in the study conducted in Golestan province by snowball sampling from DIC (Drop-In Center) in addiction treatment centers. The interviews were mostly carried out individually with the participants; only one interview was conducted in an addiction treatment camp in the form of a group-focused discussion. Data analysis was implemented through content analysis in MAXQDA 10 software.Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.05± 6.06 years with a range of 23-46 years. Meanwhile, the mean of crystal use period was 7.42 (SD:3.61) and a range of 1-14 years. Based on the obtained data, the reasons for first crystal use could be categorized in six; 1: "crystal use to other drugs rehabilitation"; 2: "Lack of awareness of the addictive nature of crystal"; 3: “stimulating curiosity in public with crystal-use friends” , 4: affordable and convenient use”, 5: "anti-sleeping effects and increasing work efficiency", and 6: "therapeutic and other misconceptions”".Conclusions: The results indicated that crystal is mostly abused to opium rehabilitation. The lack of awareness and misconceptions about this substance can lead people to crystal use. Therefore, designing public health interventions to increase awareness about negative consequences of crystal use is fundamental to prevent people from abusing it. We suggest designing public health program to promote awareness about health risks of crystal and modifying related misconceptions. Finally, the government can establish policies to mandate sale tax for crystal producers and reduce easy access to crystal especially among youth.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of the factors associated with initiation to methamphetamine use in Iran.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽  
Fatemeh Zarghami ◽  
Ali Shahryari ◽  
Ali Mohammadinia ◽  
Mohsen Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Crystal Methamphetamine ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Abstract Background: Crystal (methamphetamine) is a strong stimulant of addictive substances that affects the central nervous system. The consumption of this substance is increasing among teenagers and adult young people in the country. In this matter, one of the practical and important ways to its control is to identify the factors leading to its first use. Thus this paper, explores the factors related to the first crystal use in Golestan province, Iran. Methods: In a qualitative study, 19 crystal users were recruited in the study conducted in Golestan province by snowball sampling from DIC (Drop-In Center) in addiction treatment centers. The interviews were mostly carried out individually with the participants; only one interview was conducted in an addiction treatment camp in the form of a group-focused discussion. Data analysis was implemented through content analysis in MAXQDA 10 software.Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.05± 6.06 years with a range of 23-46 years. Meanwhile, the mean of crystal use period was 7.42 (SD: 3.61) and a range of 1-14 years. Based on the obtained data, the reasons for first crystal use could be categorized in six; 1: "crystal use to other drugs rehabilitation"; 2: "Lack of awareness of the addictive nature of crystal"; 3: “stimulating curiosity in public with crystal-use friends” , 4: affordable and convenient use”, 5: "anti-sleeping effects and increasing work efficiency", and 6: "therapeutic and other misconceptions”". Conclusions: The results indicated that crystal is mostly abused to opium rehabilitation. The lack of awareness and misconceptions about this substance can lead people to crystal use. Therefore, designing public health interventions to increase awareness about negative consequences of crystal use is fundamental to prevent people from abusing it. We suggest designing public health program to promote awareness about health risks of crystal and modifying related misconceptions. Finally, the government can establish policies to mandate sale tax for crystal producers and reduce easy access to crystal especially among youth.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of the factors associated with initiation to methamphetamine use in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽  
Fatemeh Zarghami ◽  
Ali Shahryari ◽  
Ali Mohammadinia ◽  
Mohsen Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Crystal Methamphetamine ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Abstract Background Crystal (methamphetamine) is a strong stimulant of addictive substances that affects the central nervous system. The consumption of this substance is increasing among teenagers and adult young people in the country. In this matter, one of the practical and important ways to its control is to identify the factors leading to its first use. Thus this paper, explores the factors related to the first crystal use in Golestan province, Iran. Methods In a qualitative study, 19 crystal users were recruited in the study conducted in Golestan province by snowball sampling from DIC (Drop-In Center) in addiction treatment centers. The interviews were mostly carried out individually with the participants; only one interview was conducted in an addiction treatment camp in the form of a group-focused discussion. Data analysis was implemented through content analysis in MAXQDA 10 software. Results The mean age of the participants was 35.05 ± 6.06 years with a range of 23–46 years. Meanwhile, the mean of crystal use period was 7.42 (SD: 3.61) and a range of 1–14 years. Based on the obtained data, the reasons for first crystal use could be categorized in six; 1: “crystal use to other drugs rehabilitation”; 2: “Lack of awareness of the addictive nature of crystal”; 3: “stimulating curiosity in public with crystal-use friends”, 4: affordable and convenient use”, 5: “anti-sleeping effects and increasing work efficiency”, and 6: “therapeutic and other misconceptions”“. Conclusions The results indicated that crystal is mostly abused to opium rehabilitation. The lack of awareness and misconceptions about this substance can lead people to crystal use. Therefore, designing public health interventions to increase awareness about negative consequences of crystal use is fundamental to prevent people from abusing it. We suggest designing public health program to promote awareness about health risks of crystal and modifying related misconceptions. Finally, the government can establish policies to mandate sale tax for crystal producers and reduce easy access to crystal especially among youth.

scholarly journals Exploring The Factors Related to the First Usage of Crystal and Providing Some Preventive Solutions: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽  
Fatemeh Zarghami ◽  
Ali Shahryari ◽  
Ali Mohammadinia ◽  
Mohsen Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Crystal Methamphetamine ◽  
Sexual Drive ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Crystal (methamphetamine) usage is increasing among teenagers and young people in the country. In this matter, one of the practical and important ways to control it is to identify the causes of its first usage. Thus, in this paper, the factors related to the first usage of crystal in consumers and providing a preventive solution were designed and performed in Golestan province, Iran.Methods: In a qualitative study, 19 crystal consumers entered the study in Golestan province by snowball sampling from DIC (drop-in center) and addiction treatment centers. The interviews were mostly carried out individually with the participants, in which only one interview was conducted in an addiction treatment camp in the form of a group-focused discussion. Data analysis was implemented through content analysis in MAXQDA 10 softwareResults: The mean age of the participants was 35.05± 6.06 years with a range of 23-46 years. Meanwhile, the mean and standard deviation of usage time was 7.42±3.61 via a range of 1-14 years. Based on the obtained qualitative data, the reasons for first usage of crystal in six classes of "crystal usage to other drugs rehabilitation"; "Lack of awareness of the addictive nature of crystal"; “stimulating curiosity in public with crystal-usage friends”; “cheap price and comfortable usage”; "anti-sleep effects and increasing work efficiency" and "misconceptions (therapeutic effect), increase attractiveness, and increase sexual drive" were included.Conclusions: The achieved results indicated that crystal is mostly abused to opium rehabilitation. Meanwhile, the lack of awareness of addiction and misconceptions can prepare to crystal usage. Furthermore, performing the Interventions to increase the level of awareness that crystal is addictive and its negative impact on opium rehabilitation as well as the necessary policy-making to facilitate accessing it by reducing its production can also be effective to prevent the crystal usage.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics of Imported COVID-19 Cases, March to December 2020, Chengdu, China: Implication for Quarantine and Isolation of International Travelers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Zhang ◽  
Yong Yue ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
Changhui Du ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Local Spread ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
The Government ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract International flights have accelerated the global spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Determination of the optimal quarantine period for international travelers is crucial to prevent the local spread caused by imported COVID-19 cases. We performed a retrospective epidemiological study using 491 imported COVID-19 cases in Chengdu, China, to describe the characteristic of the cases and estimate the time from arrival to confirmation for international travelers using nonparametric survival methods. Among the 491 imported COVID-19 cases, 194 (39.5%) were asymptomatic infections. The mean age was 35.6 years (SD=12.1 years) and 83.3% were men. The majority (74.1%) were screened positive for SARS-CoV-2, conducted by Chengdu Customs District, the People’s Republic of China. Asymptomatic cases were younger than presymptomatic or symptomatic cases (P<0.01). The daily number of imported COVID-19 cases displayed jagged changes. 95% of COVID-19 cases were confirmed by PT-PCR within 14 days (95% CI: 13-15) after arriving in Chengdu. A 14-day quarantine measure can ensure non-infection among international travelers with a 95% probability. Policymakers may consider an extension of the quarantine period to minimize the negative consequences of the COVID-19 confinement and prevent the international spread of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the government should consider the balance between COVID-19 and socioeconomic development, which may cause more serious social and health crises.

scholarly journals Enfermedades importadas en España: dificultades en la atención sanitaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 582-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adela Gómez Luque ◽  
Lorena Breña Díaz ◽  
Sebastián Sanz Martos ◽  
Laura Bermejo Sánchez ◽  
Argeme Serradilla Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spanish Health

Introducción: En España, desde el 2000 hasta el 2010, existían medidas que fomentaban la igualdad en salud y acceso a los servicios sanitarios de la población inmigrante. Con el inicio de la crisis y las reducciones del gasto público en salud, se instauraron medidas, que no solo tienen consecuencias negativas para este colectivo sino también para la salud pública en general, viéndose en aumento el número de casos de enfermedades importadas, también relacionadas con el aumento de viajes internacionales.Objetivos: Evaluar la presencia de enfermedades importadas en España y conocer la problemática del inmigrante en el Sistema Sanitario. Método: Revisión bibliográfica de estudios en lengua inglesa y castellana publicados entre 2007 y 2017 recogidos varias bases de datos y en informes de instituciones y organizaciones científicas.Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 173 artículos indexados en las bases de datos. De estos, 32 se ajustaron a los criterios de inclusión, de los que se seleccionaron 15 para responder a los objetivos.15 producciones se adaptaron al objetivo del presente estudio. Los estudios afirman que los movimientos poblacionales como migraciones o a viajes internacionales, elevan la presencia de enfermedad importada en España. Esto junto con las medidas legislativas impuestas por el gobierno en materia de sanidad, dificultan al inmigrante irregular la posibilidad de acceder al Sistema Sanitario español. Destacan además otras dificultades para el inmigrante como son el idioma y el desconocimiento del correcto acceso y uso de las prestaciones sanitarias.Conclusión: Todo esto, crea desconfianza en el inmigrante, el cual aplaza el contacto con el servicio sanitario, pudiendo llegar a ocasionar un grave problema en la salud pública, principalmente por el retraso en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de enfermedades infecciosas importadas. Introduction: In Spain, from 2000 to 2010, there were measures that promoted equality in health and permitted access to health services for the immigrant population. Because of the economic crisis and the reductions in public expenditure on health, security measures were put in place, which not only had negative consequences for this group, also for public health in general. Therefore, the number of imported diseases cases have increased in direct relation to international travels.Objectives: To evaluate the presence of imported diseases in Spain and to know the problem of the immigrant in the Health System.Method: the literature review of studies in English and Spanish published between 2007 and 2017, including several databases and reports from institutions and scientific organizations.Results: A total of 173 articles indexed in the databases were obtained. 32 of these articles were adjusted to the inclusion criteria, of which 15 were selected to respond to the objectives. The studies affirm that population movements such as migrations or international trips, increase the presence of imported diseases in Spain. In addition, legislative measures imposed by the government on health matters, complicate access to the Spanish Health System for irregular immigrants. They also highlight other difficulties for the immigrant, such as the language and the lack of knowledge of the correct access and use of health services.Conclusion: The sum of all the above mentioned, creates lack of confidence in the immigrant, which postpones contact with the health service, and may lead to a serious problem in public health, mainly due to the delay in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of imported infectious diseases.

PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF STREET HAWKING ON THE WELL-BEING OF CHILDREN IN ANYIGBA, DEKINA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Alfred Eboh
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
The Government

Background: The hawking of wares by children has been a serious issue confronting the Nigerian society. Children hawk in some of the most horrible conditions conceivable, where they face a serious risk of injury, chronic illness, kidnapping, rape or death. Objective: The focus of this study was to assess the perceived effects of street hawking on the well-being of children in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State. Methods: The population of this study consists of parents of the street hawkers in Anyigba while cross-sectional survey design was used through the purposive sampling technique to choose the sample size of one hundred and sixty-two (162) respondents. The validated structured questionnaire and In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) served as the instruments for the data collection respectively. The hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square at a predetermined 0.05 level of significance. The quantitative data were analysed with the aid of the SPSS (version 20). Results: The results indicated among others that street hawking had significant social implications and physical consequences on children's moral behaviour as well as health status in the study area. Conclusion: The study, therefore, concluded that the government of Kogi State should carry out an enlightenment campaign through the media and religious institutions on the negative consequences of street hawking are recommended as panacea. Also, the child right act instrument and its implementation should be strengthened in order to curb street hawking in the study area.

Migration and US agricultural competitiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Farm Workers ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lower Wage ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Agriculture has one of the highest shares of foreign-born and unauthorized workers among US industries; over three-fourths of hired farm workers were born abroad, usually in Mexico, and over half of all farm workers are unauthorized. Farm employers are among the few to openly acknowledge their dependence on migrant and unauthorized workers, and they oppose efforts to reduce unauthorized migration unless the government legalizes currently illegal farm workers or provides easy access to legal guest workers. The effects of migrants on agricultural competitiveness are mixed. On the one hand, wages held down by migrants keep labour-intensive commodities competitive in the short run, but the fact that most labour-intensive commodities are shipped long distances means that long-run US competitiveness may be eroded as US farmers have fewer incentives to develop labour-saving and productivity-improving methods of farming and production in lower-wage countries expands.

An Exploratory Study of Trade Union Pluralism in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Parku ◽  
Yvonne Ayerki Lamptey
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The practice of trade union pluralism at an enterprise level is seen as problematic for both the management of enterprises and the trade union movement. The problems arise from inter-union rivalries, competition and disputes over demarcations of privileges and rights. This article explores the practice of trade union pluralism at the enterprise level in Ghana with the aim of creating awareness of the effect of the practice on the general trade union movement. This qualitative study employed a cross-sectional design and used purposive and snowball sampling methods in selecting the participants. The data was analysed thematically. The findings from the study show that union pluralism is stimulating the decline in general union membership, the breakaway of local unions from the federations, and employers’ classification of workers based on their qualifications once they are employed by organisations, and their assignment to specific unions (automatic membership at enterprise level). It is suggested that employment laws encourage union breakaways, which weakens the unions especially at the enterprise level. It is recommended that the state, labour officials and policy-makers should enforce labour laws, especially regarding freedom of association, and consider revisiting or amending some labour laws to curb their abuse. The government and labour institutions need to work together to operationalise the implementation of legal provisions on freedom of association or consider amending the provisions to curb the existing abuse.

PENERAPAN CLUSTERING PADA PENDUDUK YANG MEMPUNYAI KELUHAN KESEHATAN DENGAN DATAMINING K-MEANS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Rofiqo ◽  
Agus Perdana Windarto ◽  
Dedy Hartama
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Health Complaints ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
The Government

This study aims to utilize Clushtering Algorithm in grouping the number of people who have health complaints with the K-means algorithm in Indonesia. The source of this research data was collected based on the documents of the provincial population which had health complaints produced by the National Statistics Agency. The data used in this study are data from 2013-2017 consisting of 34 provinces. The method used in this research is K-means Algorithm. Data will be processed by clushtering in 3 clushter, namely clusther high health complaints, clusther moderate and low health complaints. Centroid data for high population level clusters 37.48, Centroid data for moderate population level clusters 27.08, and Centroid data for low population level clusters 14.89. So that obtained an assessment based on the population index that has health complaints with 7 provinces of high health complaints, namely Central Java, Yogyakarta, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, Gorontalo, 18 provinces of moderate health complaints, and 9 other provinces including low health complaints. This can be an input to the government to give more attention to residents in each region who have high health complaints through improving public health services so that the Indonesian population becomes healthier without health complaints.Keywords: data mining, health complaints, clustering, K-means, Indonesian residents

Prevalence of Self-Medication and Its Factors among University Students in Bandar Abbas City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Consumption Culture ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bandar Abbas

Background: Self-medication can lead to the latency of the real severity of disease, delay in diagnosis, a complication of treatment, threatening side effects, and unexpected intoxication. The present research aimed to explore the prevalence of self-medication and its factors among students affiliated to Bandar Abbas universities in 2016. Materials and Methods: This Descriptive Analytic study was performed on 600 students affiliated to the universities in Bandar Abbas; Islamic Azad University, Payam-e-Noor University, and University of Medical Sciences. The sample was selected through a stratified sampling method, and the data were collected by a questionnaire comprised of two parts, demographic information (6 items), and risk factors of self-medication and self-medicated drugs (26 items). SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data through the required tests. Result: The mean age of the students was 24.11±5.85 years. One hundred and ninety-one subjects (31.8%) were male, and 409 (68.2%) were female. The results revealed the prevalence of self-medication in the target population was 80.2%., the main reasons for self-medication were reported underestimating the disease 461(77.0%), previous experience of the disease 457(76.4%), repeated prescription 441(73.6%), and easy access to drug 423(70.6%). The most prevalent drugs self-medicated by students were acetaminophen, herbal medicines, antibiotics, other drugs, sedatives, and anti-acids, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of self-medication (80.2%) revealed in this research, there is a need for more attentive care for consistent education and drug consumption culture promotion. Specific approaches can help the provision of easy access to medical services in universities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document