scholarly journals Exploring The Factors Related to the First Usage of Crystal and Providing Some Preventive Solutions: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽  
Fatemeh Zarghami ◽  
Ali Shahryari ◽  
Ali Mohammadinia ◽  
Mohsen Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Crystal Methamphetamine ◽  
Sexual Drive ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Crystal (methamphetamine) usage is increasing among teenagers and young people in the country. In this matter, one of the practical and important ways to control it is to identify the causes of its first usage. Thus, in this paper, the factors related to the first usage of crystal in consumers and providing a preventive solution were designed and performed in Golestan province, Iran.Methods: In a qualitative study, 19 crystal consumers entered the study in Golestan province by snowball sampling from DIC (drop-in center) and addiction treatment centers. The interviews were mostly carried out individually with the participants, in which only one interview was conducted in an addiction treatment camp in the form of a group-focused discussion. Data analysis was implemented through content analysis in MAXQDA 10 softwareResults: The mean age of the participants was 35.05± 6.06 years with a range of 23-46 years. Meanwhile, the mean and standard deviation of usage time was 7.42±3.61 via a range of 1-14 years. Based on the obtained qualitative data, the reasons for first usage of crystal in six classes of "crystal usage to other drugs rehabilitation"; "Lack of awareness of the addictive nature of crystal"; “stimulating curiosity in public with crystal-usage friends”; “cheap price and comfortable usage”; "anti-sleep effects and increasing work efficiency" and "misconceptions (therapeutic effect), increase attractiveness, and increase sexual drive" were included.Conclusions: The achieved results indicated that crystal is mostly abused to opium rehabilitation. Meanwhile, the lack of awareness of addiction and misconceptions can prepare to crystal usage. Furthermore, performing the Interventions to increase the level of awareness that crystal is addictive and its negative impact on opium rehabilitation as well as the necessary policy-making to facilitate accessing it by reducing its production can also be effective to prevent the crystal usage.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of the factors associated with initiation to crystal use in Iran.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽  
Fatemeh Zarghami ◽  
Ali Shahryari ◽  
Ali Mohammadinia ◽  
Mohsen Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Crystal Methamphetamine ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Abstract Background: Crystal (methamphetamine) is a strong stimulant of addictive substances that affects the central nervous system. The consumption of this substance is increasing among teenagers and adult young people in the country. In this matter, one of the practical and important ways to its control is to identify the factors leading to its first use. Thus this paper, explores the factors related to the first crystal use in Golestan province, Iran.Methods: In a qualitative study, 19 crystal users were recruited in the study conducted in Golestan province by snowball sampling from DIC (Drop-In Center) in addiction treatment centers. The interviews were mostly carried out individually with the participants; only one interview was conducted in an addiction treatment camp in the form of a group-focused discussion. Data analysis was implemented through content analysis in MAXQDA 10 software.Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.05± 6.06 years with a range of 23-46 years. Meanwhile, the mean of crystal use period was 7.42 (SD:3.61) and a range of 1-14 years. Based on the obtained data, the reasons for first crystal use could be categorized in six; 1: "crystal use to other drugs rehabilitation"; 2: "Lack of awareness of the addictive nature of crystal"; 3: “stimulating curiosity in public with crystal-use friends” , 4: affordable and convenient use”, 5: "anti-sleeping effects and increasing work efficiency", and 6: "therapeutic and other misconceptions”".Conclusions: The results indicated that crystal is mostly abused to opium rehabilitation. The lack of awareness and misconceptions about this substance can lead people to crystal use. Therefore, designing public health interventions to increase awareness about negative consequences of crystal use is fundamental to prevent people from abusing it. We suggest designing public health program to promote awareness about health risks of crystal and modifying related misconceptions. Finally, the government can establish policies to mandate sale tax for crystal producers and reduce easy access to crystal especially among youth.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of the factors associated with initiation to methamphetamine use in Iran.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽  
Fatemeh Zarghami ◽  
Ali Shahryari ◽  
Ali Mohammadinia ◽  
Mohsen Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Crystal Methamphetamine ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Abstract Background: Crystal (methamphetamine) is a strong stimulant of addictive substances that affects the central nervous system. The consumption of this substance is increasing among teenagers and adult young people in the country. In this matter, one of the practical and important ways to its control is to identify the factors leading to its first use. Thus this paper, explores the factors related to the first crystal use in Golestan province, Iran. Methods: In a qualitative study, 19 crystal users were recruited in the study conducted in Golestan province by snowball sampling from DIC (Drop-In Center) in addiction treatment centers. The interviews were mostly carried out individually with the participants; only one interview was conducted in an addiction treatment camp in the form of a group-focused discussion. Data analysis was implemented through content analysis in MAXQDA 10 software.Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.05± 6.06 years with a range of 23-46 years. Meanwhile, the mean of crystal use period was 7.42 (SD: 3.61) and a range of 1-14 years. Based on the obtained data, the reasons for first crystal use could be categorized in six; 1: "crystal use to other drugs rehabilitation"; 2: "Lack of awareness of the addictive nature of crystal"; 3: “stimulating curiosity in public with crystal-use friends” , 4: affordable and convenient use”, 5: "anti-sleeping effects and increasing work efficiency", and 6: "therapeutic and other misconceptions”". Conclusions: The results indicated that crystal is mostly abused to opium rehabilitation. The lack of awareness and misconceptions about this substance can lead people to crystal use. Therefore, designing public health interventions to increase awareness about negative consequences of crystal use is fundamental to prevent people from abusing it. We suggest designing public health program to promote awareness about health risks of crystal and modifying related misconceptions. Finally, the government can establish policies to mandate sale tax for crystal producers and reduce easy access to crystal especially among youth.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of the factors associated with initiation to methamphetamine use in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽  
Fatemeh Zarghami ◽  
Ali Shahryari ◽  
Ali Mohammadinia ◽  
Mohsen Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Crystal Methamphetamine ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Abstract Background Crystal (methamphetamine) is a strong stimulant of addictive substances that affects the central nervous system. The consumption of this substance is increasing among teenagers and adult young people in the country. In this matter, one of the practical and important ways to its control is to identify the factors leading to its first use. Thus this paper, explores the factors related to the first crystal use in Golestan province, Iran. Methods In a qualitative study, 19 crystal users were recruited in the study conducted in Golestan province by snowball sampling from DIC (Drop-In Center) in addiction treatment centers. The interviews were mostly carried out individually with the participants; only one interview was conducted in an addiction treatment camp in the form of a group-focused discussion. Data analysis was implemented through content analysis in MAXQDA 10 software. Results The mean age of the participants was 35.05 ± 6.06 years with a range of 23–46 years. Meanwhile, the mean of crystal use period was 7.42 (SD: 3.61) and a range of 1–14 years. Based on the obtained data, the reasons for first crystal use could be categorized in six; 1: “crystal use to other drugs rehabilitation”; 2: “Lack of awareness of the addictive nature of crystal”; 3: “stimulating curiosity in public with crystal-use friends”, 4: affordable and convenient use”, 5: “anti-sleeping effects and increasing work efficiency”, and 6: “therapeutic and other misconceptions”“. Conclusions The results indicated that crystal is mostly abused to opium rehabilitation. The lack of awareness and misconceptions about this substance can lead people to crystal use. Therefore, designing public health interventions to increase awareness about negative consequences of crystal use is fundamental to prevent people from abusing it. We suggest designing public health program to promote awareness about health risks of crystal and modifying related misconceptions. Finally, the government can establish policies to mandate sale tax for crystal producers and reduce easy access to crystal especially among youth.

scholarly journals Policy Making Challenges in the scope of Oral Health in Developing Countries A Qualitative Study of the Islamic Republic of Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mohammadpour ◽  
Peivand Bastani ◽  
Arash Ghanbarzadegan ◽  
Jamshid Bahmai
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Framework Analysis

Abstract Background As the strategies proposed for oral health improvement in developed countries do not adapt for the setting of the developing ones, this study is to identify the challenges of oral health policy making in developing countries.Methods It was a qualitative study conducted in 2019 in Iran as a middle-eastern developing country. The study population included all the experts who have enough experience in the scope and have the eagerness to participate. Snowball sampling was used to include the participants and after 12 semi-structured interviews saturation was achieved. Guba and Lincoln criteria containing acceptability, validity, reliability, and transferability were used to assure the study reliability and finally five-stage framework analysis method was used to analyze the data.Results The analysis of the results of the interviews resulted in the identification of 7 main themes and 20 sub-themes as the main challenges of achieving oral health in a developing country. The main themes identified were: policy making, implementing, educational, stewardship, prevention, insurance, and resource allocating. Conclusion: According to the present results, it seems that national coverage of oral health and the integration of these services in prevention ones and serious attention to the private sector can be considered as the most important strategies for achieving improved oral health.

scholarly journals Caught in the Crossfire: LGBT+ Traveller Intersectionality in Post-Brexit Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regan John Eminson
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
British Society ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
Research Questions

This study aimed to investigate a gap in research regarding the contemporary experiences of individuals who identify as both LGBT+ and Traveller through an intersectional lens in post-Brexit Britain. To fully explore this issue three research questions were formulated; Question 1: What are the experiences of individuals that identify with the LGBT+ community and the Traveller community? Question 2: What are the perceptions of Travellers in the LGBTQ+ community? These questions were explored through both qualitative and quantitative data gathered by two online surveys, which consisted of responses from both LGBT+ Travellers and LGBT+ Non-Travellers who were recruited by the method of snowball sampling via social media, the quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data was analysed using thematic coding. The results presented a negative experience for LGBT+ Travellers who felt the need to hide their identity and experienced discrimination in the identified theme of stereotyping in LGBT+ spaces. This research identified a lack of visibility of LGBT+ Traveller identity, in both Traveller and British society which has led to a negative impact upon this intersectional identity, predominantly causing an inability to authentically participate in either community.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXTS THROUGH WORD WEBBING TECHNIQUE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Fauzi Ningtyas ◽  
Lidiman Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Text Word ◽  
Procedure Text ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Planning Action

This study concerns on improving students’ achievement in writing procedure texts through word webbing technique. The research was conducted by using Classroom Action Research (CAR). The population was the 2012-2013 nine grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. The number of students was 36, consisting of 21 females and 15 males. The procedure of the research was administrated into two cycles where each cycle consisted of three meetings. Each meeting included four steps namely: planning, action, observation, and reflection. There were two kinds of data collected during the study, qualitative and quantitative data. The instrument for collecting the quantitative data was the writing of procedure texts test while the qualitative data were gathered by using interview, diary notes and observation sheet. Based on the data analysis, the mean of students’ score in Test I was 53,47, for the Test II was 63,05, and for the Test III was 75 The qualitative data showed that the students were interested in the applying of Word webbing Technique. The conclusion is that Word Webbing Technique in writing Procedure Texts improves the students’ achievement in writing procedure texts. Keywords: Students’ achievement, writing, procedure text, word webbing

Improving the Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension by Using Inquiry Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigin Sappena Ginting ◽  
Siti Aisah Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Comprehension Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Comprehension Tests ◽  
Orientation Test

This study attemps to imorove the students’ achivement in reading comprehension through inquiry technique. The study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subjects of the research were the 45 students of Grade XI SMA Negeri 1 Bahorok. It was conducted in two Cycles and consisted of six meetings.The instruments for colecting data used Reading Comprehension tests for quantitative data and Diary Notes, Interview Sheet, and Observation Sheet for qualitative data. Based on the Reading Comprehension score, students score in pre test, kept improving in every test. Based on Diary Notes, Observation sheet and Interview Sheet, it was found that the students were actualy involved in reading process. The results of the reasearch showed that Inquiry Technique can improve the students’ achivement in Reading Comprehension. In orientation test the mean of the students’ score was 53, the mean of the students’ score in Cycle I was 62.07, and the mean of the students’ score in Cycle II was 71.6. Based on the Observation Sheet, Diary Notes, and Interview Sheet, it was found that the teaching-learning process run well. The conclusion is that Inquiry Technique improved the students’ reading Coprehension and it is suggested to the English teacher to apply Inquiry Technique in Reading Comprehension. Keywords : Improving, students’ achievement, Inquiry Technique

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH THINK PAIR SHARE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hotria Manik ◽  
Elia Masa Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Writing Tests

This study attempts to improve students’ writing achievement in recount text through Think-Pair-Share Strategy. This study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subject of the research was class VIII-1 SMPN 1 Pematangsiantar. The number of the students was 32 students, consisted of 5 males and twenty seven females. The research was conducted in two cycles and consisted of six meetings. The instruments for collecting data were writing tests as the quantitative data and diary notes, observation sheet, interview sheet and questionnaire sheet as qualitative data. Based on the writing score, students’ scores kept improving in every test. In analyzing the data, the mean of the students’ score for the first test as a pre-test was 57.84, for the second test as a post test I was 73.56, for the third test as a post test II was 77.56. Based on diary notes, observation sheet and questionnaire sheet, it was found that students were actively involved in writing process. The result of the research showed that Think-Pair-Share Strategy can improve students’ achievement in writing recount text.   Keywords: Think Pair Share, Writing, Recount text, Action research

IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
DesiYusnanda Sari And Sri MindaMurni
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Team Games ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Data Reading

This study attempted to improve the students’ reading comprehension achievement in descriptive text through Team Games Tournament (TGT) method. This study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subject of the research was class IX SMP PAB 10 Medan Estate which consisted of 25 students. The research was conducted in two cycles and the first cycle consisted of four meetings the second cycle consisted of two meetings. The instruments for collecting the data were quantitative data (reading evaluation) and qualitative data (diary note, observation sheet and interview sheet). Based on reading scores, students’ score kept improving in every evaluation. In the test I the mean was 65,33, in the test II the mean was 71,72 and the test III the mean was 84,54.Based on diary note, observation sheet and interview sheet, it was found that teaching-learning process ran well. Students were active, enthusiastic, and interested in reading. The result of the research showed that Team Games Tournament (TGT) method significantly improved students’ achievement in reading comprehension especially in reading descriptive text.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH THE PROCESS GENRE APPROACH

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Wuri Handayani And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Score Test ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Orientation Test ◽  
Interview Questionnaire

This study attempts to Improving Students’ Achievement Through the Process GenreApproach. The objective of the study is to discover whether the use of the ProcessGenre approach could significantly improve students’ writing achievement. This studyconduct by applying Classroom Action Research which was carried out in two cycles inten meetings. The subject of this study of SMA Panca Budi Medan which consisted of39 students of class X – 2 reguler.. Orientation test was done in the first meeting, test IIwas done in the fourth meeting, and test III was done in the last meeting. The mean ofstudents’ score test III (76,242) was higher than the test II (66,878) and test I (57,606).Besides, the qualitative data was taken from observation sheet, interview, questionnaire,and diary notes. It was found that teaching learning process ran well. By applying theProcess Genre Approach in the classroom, the students understood the content ofdescriptive text easily. They also were active and enthusiastic during the teachinglearning process. The result of the research showed that the application of the ProcessGenre approach significantly improved students’ achievement in writing descriptive text

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