Barriers and Facilitators to Identify and Discuss Depression and Anxiety in Visually Impaired Adults: A Qualitative Study on the Service User’s Perspective
Abstract Background. Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent, but often unrecognized in adults with visual impairment (VI). The purpose of this study was to explore service users’ views on facilitators and barriers in identifying and discussing mental health problems in adults with VI. Methods. Semi-structured interviews, based on the Integrated Model for Change, were conducted with 16 service users from three Dutch low vision service organizations. Interview data was analyzed using the framework approach. Results. Prominent themes in service users’ cognitions and skills were their focus on VI, lack of health literacy, misattribution of symptoms and difficulties in acknowledging their VI and mental health problems. Informal and formal support were seen as facilitators. However, participants mentioned the need of improving healthcare providers’ knowledge, skills and attitude to increase the likelihood of detection and communication about depression and anxiety. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that, compared to barriers experienced in general population, adults with VI face additional barriers in identifying and discussing mental health problems, partly caused by their impairment and increased vulnerability. Healthcare providers and social support systems seem essential for them in reducing these barriers. However, there might be a mismatch between service users’ needs and healthcare providers’ knowledge, skills and attitude. Training healthcare providers may improve detection of depression and anxiety in adults with VI.