scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis Of Trichuris Trichiura Egg Extract Reveals Potential Immunomodulators And Diagnostic Targets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cruz ◽  
A. Marcilla ◽  
P. Kelly ◽  
M. Vandenplas ◽  
A. Osuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Egg Extract ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Protein Isoform ◽  
Antigenic Profile ◽  
Direct Life Cycle

Abstract Background: Trichuris trichiura embryonated eggs are the infectious developmental stage and the first signal to the immune system of the definitive host. Each infective T. trichiura egg carries the antigens needed to challenge the immune system with a wide variety of proteins present in the shell, larvae’s surface, and the accompanying fluid that contains their excretions/secretions. The parasite eggs constitute the first antigenic stimuli to evoke the host response to this intestinal parasite with direct life cycle and enteric development.Methods: The soluble egg extract of T. trichiura obtained from naturally infected African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) was investigated using a proteomic approach by mass spectrometry. The antigenic profile of the egg soluble proteins against sera IgG from C. sabaeus with trichuriasis was also investigated by Western blot and LC-MS/MS from the corresponding SDS-PAGE gel.Results: A total of 231 proteins were accurately identified, 168 with known molecular functions. The proteome of the egg lysate revealed common protein families including energy and metabolism; cytoskeleton, motility and muscle; proteolysis; signaling; stress and detoxification; transcription and translation and; lipid binding and transport. Vitellogenin N and VWD and DUF1943 domain containing protein, Poly-cysteine and histidine tailed protein isoform 2, Heat shock protein 70, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Actin and Enolase, were among the potential immunoactive proteins. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to identify the proteome of the T. trichiura egg extract as a novel source of immunomodulators and targets for immunodiagnosis able to contribute to the treatment of human autoimmune diseases and to the control of this neglected disease.

scholarly journals Trichuris trichiura egg extract proteome reveals potential diagnostic targets and immunomodulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0009221
Author(s):  
Katalina Cruz ◽  
Antonio Marcilla ◽  
Patrick Kelly ◽  
Michel Vandenplas ◽  
Antonio Osuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Antigenic Profile

Embryonated eggs are the infectious developmental stage of Trichuris trichiura and are the primary stimulus for the immune system of the definitive host. The intestinal-dwelling T. trichiura affects an estimated 465 million people worldwide with an estimated global burden of disease of 640 000 DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years). In Latin America and the Caribbean, trichuriasis is the most prevalent soil transmitted helminthiasis in the region (12.3%; 95% CI). The adverse health consequences impair childhood school performance and reduce school attendance resulting in lower future wage-earning capacity. The accumulation of the long-term effects translates into poverty promoting sequelae and a cycle of impoverishment. Each infective T. trichiura egg carries the antigens needed to face the immune system with a wide variety of proteins present in the shell, larvae’s surface, and the accompanying fluid that contains their excretions/secretions. We used a proteomic approach with tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the proteome of soluble non-embryonated egg extracts of T. trichiura obtained from naturally infected African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). A total of 231 proteins were identified, 168 of them with known molecular functions. The proteome revealed common proteins families which are known to play roles in energy and metabolism; the cytoskeleton, muscle and motility; proteolysis; signaling; the stress response and detoxification; transcription and translation; and lipid binding and transport. In addition to the study of the T. trichiura non-embryonated egg proteome, the antigenic profile of the T. trichiura non-embryonated egg and female soluble proteins against serum antibodies from C. sabaeus naturally infected with trichuriasis was investigated. We used an immunoproteomic approach by Western blot and tandem mass spectrometry from the corresponding SDS-PAGE gels. Vitellogenin N and VWD and DUF1943 domain containing protein, poly-cysteine and histidine tailed protein isoform 2, heat shock protein 70, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, actin, and enolase, were among the potential immunoactive proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the T. trichiura non-embryonated egg proteome as a novel source of information on potential targets for immunodiagnostics and immunomodulators from a neglected tropical disease. This initial list of T. trichiura non-embryonated egg proteins (proteome and antigenic profile) can be used in future research on the immunobiology and pathogenesis of human trichuriasis and the treatment of human intestinal immune-related diseases.

scholarly journals Synthetic mycobacterial diacyl trehaloses reveal differential recognition by human T cell receptors and the C-type lectin Mincle

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine F. Reijneveld ◽  
Mira Holzheimer ◽  
David C. Young ◽  
Kattya Lopez ◽  
Sara Suliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Human T Cells ◽  
Pure Compounds

AbstractThe cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is composed of diverse glycolipids which potentially interact with the human immune system. To overcome difficulties in obtaining pure compounds from bacterial extracts, we recently synthesized three forms of mycobacterial diacyltrehalose (DAT) that differ in their fatty acid composition, DAT1, DAT2, and DAT3. To study the potential recognition of DATs by human T cells, we treated the lipid-binding antigen presenting molecule CD1b with synthetic DATs and looked for T cells that bound the complex. DAT1- and DAT2-treated CD1b tetramers were recognized by T cells, but DAT3-treated CD1b tetramers were not. A T cell line derived using CD1b-DAT2 tetramers showed that there is no cross-reactivity between DATs in an IFN-γ release assay, suggesting that the chemical structure of the fatty acid at the 3-position determines recognition by T cells. In contrast with the lack of recognition of DAT3 by human T cells, DAT3, but not DAT1 or DAT2, activates Mincle. Thus, we show that the mycobacterial lipid DAT can be both an antigen for T cells and an agonist for the innate Mincle receptor, and that small chemical differences determine recognition by different parts of the immune system.

New evidence for the antiquity of the intestinal parasite Trichuris (whipworm) in Europe

Antiquity ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (301) ◽  
pp. 676-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Dark
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Late Mesolithic ◽  
Pastoral Farming

The whipworm, Trichuris trichiura L., is one of the most common human intestinal parasites worldwide, yet little is known of its origin and global spread. Archaeological records for this nematode have all been of Neolithic or later date, suggesting a possible association between the spread of pastoral farming and human acquisition of whipworm. This paper reports the discovery of eggs of the genus Trichuris in late Mesolithic deposits from south Wales, indicating that whipworm was present in Europe before the arrival of agriculture. This raises the possibility that human infection by Trichuris arose through contact with wild animals in parts of the landscape frequented by both human and animal groups.

A proteomic approach to investigate the differential antigenic profile of two Coxiella burnetii strains

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1150-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Papadioti ◽  
Stavroula Markoutsa ◽  
Iosif Vranakis ◽  
Yiannis Tselentis ◽  
Michael Karas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Antigenic Profile

Shotgun proteomics of rainbow trout ovarian fluid

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Nynca ◽  
Georg J. Arnold ◽  
Thomas Fröhlich ◽  
Andrzej Ciereszko
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Shotgun Proteomics ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Ovarian Fluid ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Vitelline Envelope

In the present study we used a shotgun proteomic approach to identify 54 proteins of rainbow trout ovarian fluid. The study has unravelled the identity of several proteins not previously reported in fish ovarian fluid. The proteome of trout ovarian fluid consists of diverse proteins participating in lipid binding and metabolism, carbohydrate and ion transport, innate immunity, maturation and ovulation processes. Most trout ovarian fluid proteins correspond to follicular fluid proteins of higher vertebrates, but 15% of the proteins were found to be different, such as those related to the immune system (precerebellin-like protein), proteolysis (myeloid cell lineage chitinase), carbohydrate and lipid binding and metabolism (vitellogenins), cell structure and shape (vitelline envelope protein gamma) and a protein with unknown functions (UPF0762 protein C6orf58 homologue). The present study could help in the decoding of the biological function of these proteins and in the discovery of potential biomarkers of oocyte quality.

scholarly journals Novel Serum Biomarkers to Differentiate Cholangiocarcinoma from Benign Biliary Tract Diseases Using a Proteomic Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tavan Janvilisri ◽  
Kawin Leelawat ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Atchara Paemanee ◽  
Rutaiwan Tohtong
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Biliary Tract Diseases ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Late Stages

Background and Aim. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most frequent biliary malignancy, which poses high mortality rate due to lack of early detection. Hence, most CCA cases are present at the advanced to late stages with local or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Currently available tumor markers including CA19-9 and CEA are inefficient and of limited usage due to low sensitivity and specificity. Here, we attempt to identify serum tumor markers for CCA that can effectively distinguish CCA from benign biliary tract diseases (BBTDs).Methods. Serum samples from 19 CCA patients and 17 BBTDs were separated by SDS-PAGE followed with LC-MS/MS and were subjected to statistical analysis and cross-validation to identify proteins whose abundance was significantly elevated or suppressed in CCA samples compared to BBTDs.Results. In addition to identifying several proteins previously known to be differentially expressed in CCA and BBTDs, we also discovered a number of molecules that were previously not associated with CCA. These included FAM19A5, MAGED4B, KIAA0321, RBAK, and UPF3B.Conclusions. Novel serum biomarkers to distinguish CCA from BBTDs were identified using a proteomic approach. Further validation of these proteins has the potential to provide a biomarker for differentiating CCA from BBTDs.

Studies on Development and Antigen Expression of Biofilm Cells of Vibrio anguillarum for Oral Vaccination in Aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Ramesh ◽  
Sathish Rama Poojary ◽  
B.T. Naveen Kumar ◽  
Prakash Patil ◽  
P. B. Abhiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Profile ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Free Cells

Background: Vibrio anguillarum is one of the major pathogen causing economic loss in the aquaculture industry. And, most of the microorganisms will use biofilm strategy for their survival in the host. Hence, less effectiveness of antibiotic and free cell (whole cell) vaccine may be observed in the aquaculture practice. Therefore the developed vaccine should be the mirror image of pathogen molecule, in regard; the present study was carried out to standardize the nutrient requirement for optimum biofilm production and antigen expression of biofilm and free cells of Vibrio anguillarum. Also, to identify the deferentially expressed protein in the biofilm mode. Methods: Culture conditions were optimized for the maximum biofilm production of V. anguillarum on chitin flakes as a substrate in nutrient restricted conditions. Through proteomic approach such as SDS PAGE was conducted to know the protein profile of biofilm and free cells of V. anguillarum and further, nanoLC-MS/MS was used to identify the differentially expressed protein in the biofilm of V. anguillarum. Result: Maximum biofilm production was observed on the 3rd day on 0.1% TSB concentration supplemented with 0.3% chitin flakes and 2% NaCl. Significant changes in the antigen expression of biofilm of V. anguillarum were observed in SDS PAGE and it revealed that in the biofilm mode, three new novel proteins were expressed and about ten proteins repressed as compared to that of free cell counterpart.

INTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTION, CHANGE OF COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT, RELATED FACTORS OF PATIENT IN HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Xuan Tuan Anh Dinh ◽  
Nu Phuong Anh Ton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Parasite Infections

Introduction: Intestinal parasite infections still are very common in Vietnam and have special cause serious consequences for human health. Mastery on the prevalence of them should be done. Materials and methods: A cross session with monitoring study were carried out to use the wet mount direct examination, Kato technique and the complete blood count for evaluation the rate of intestinal parasite infections in 590 patients attending to the Parasitology Department in Hue University Hospital. We also interviewed them to reveal their life’s hygienic condition, knowledge and risk behaviour of intestinal parasite infections. Result: The rate of soil transmitted intestinal helminth was 14.1%. Primarily, patients were infected: hookworm (8.5%), Trichiuris trichiura (4.3%) and then Clonorchis sinensis 0.9%. Being 100% of patients infected with Clonorchis sinensis had eosinophile increased and decreased significantly after 1 month of treatment response. Being 53% of patients infected with hookworm and/or Trichuris trichiura had eosinophils increased, and decrease to the normal after 1 month of treatment response. Only patients, who were infected with hookworm and/or Trichiuris trichiura, had a mild anemia, the rate of cases had mild anemia: hookworm 18.8%, Trichuris trichiura 13.3%. The rate of risk behavior of intesstinal parasite infection were: no hand washing before eating and after defecation, unregular anthelmintic treatment, eating raw beef, pork, and fish. Conclusion: Intestinal parasite infections in patients attending to the Hue University Hospital were mainly hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Clonorchis sinensis. Increasing the eosinophils or decreasing the hemoglobin values or mild anemia is the signs of intestinal parasitic diseases. To prevention of intestinal helminth infection, it should be eating well cooking dishes, washing hands totally and regular anthelmintic treatment. Key words: Nematodes, trematodes, eosinophilia, anemia

The NcGRA7gene encodes the immunodominant 17 kDa antigen ofNeospora caninum

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ÁLVAREZ-GARCÍA ◽  
A. PITARCH ◽  
A. ZABALLOS ◽  
A. FERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA ◽  
C. GIL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Peptide Sequencing ◽  
Dense Granule ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
2D Page ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Sds Page

ANeospora caninum17–19 kDa antigenic protein fraction (p17) in one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is the immunodominant antigen recognized by sera from bovines naturally infected byN. caninum. To identify the proteins making up the p17 fraction, we screened a newN. caninumtachyzoite cDNA library with an affinity-purified antibody against p17 (APA17). We isolated several cDNA clones with 100% sequence identity to the NcGRA7gene. This previously described gene encodes a dense granule protein with an apparent molecular mass of 33 kDa. A second line of evidence emerged through a combined proteomic approach associating two-dimensional PAGE (2D-PAGE) to Western blotting and to mass spectrometry to characterize the p17 fraction. Two acidic immunodominant but minority protein spots were recognized by APA17 and by bovine sera. These antigens of 17 and 33 kDa are respectively composed of 4 and 2 isoforms. Furthermore, p17 isolation by 2D-PAGE and peptide sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry yielded a partial sequence of 17 amino acids, which allowed the putative amino terminal region of the NcGRA7 protein to be identified unambiguously.The NcGRA7 protein, without the putative signal peptide at the NH2-terminus, was cloned and expressed inEscherichia coliand when the purified recombinant protein (rNcGRA7) was analysed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry, 2 bands of 24 and 33 kDa were resolved and identified as NcGRA7. These results demonstrate that the immunodominant 17 kDa antigen ofN. caninumis encoded by the NcGRA7gene.

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