scholarly journals Assessment of the Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pediatric Hydrocephalus in Diagnostic Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blein Mulugeta ◽  
Girma Gedion Seyoum ◽  
Abebe Mekonnen ◽  
Elbet Ketema
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Hydrocephalus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Hydrocephalus (HCP) is defined as pathophysiology with disturbed cerebrospinal fluid. Neither qualitatively nor quantitatively are there adequate data to determine the prevalence and incidence of HCP in the developing world. HCP is a treatable condition that when left untreated, has fatal consequences.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of pediatric HCP and associated risk factors in diagnostic centers in Addis Ababa.Methods: A cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted over a retrospective and prospective data collection periods. Children aged 5 years and below who came to the four diagnostic centers for MRI/CT examination were studied. The collected data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Result: The retrospective study included 639(58%) males, 462 (42%) females, and 753 (68.4%) infants were aged younger than 24 months. The mean age calculated was 22.3 months. Children diagnosed with HCP were 245 (22.3%); of these HCP cases, 153(62.4%) were classified as non-communicating HCP. This study identified infants aged younger than 24 months to be significantly associated with HCP (P<0.05). Regarding the gender and age distribution of the prospective study, 57(57.6%) males, 42 (42.4%) females; a mean age of 24.9 months and 60 (60.6%) infants aged younger than 24 months were included. Children diagnosed with HCP were 23 (23.2%); of these HCP cases, 13(56.5%) were classified as non-communicating HCP. Inadequate consumption of folic acid and the familial association of HCP were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the high prevalence of HCP was due to the high prevalence of aqueductal stenosis and neural tube defects; with a small contribution of post-infectious causes. The majority of infants who present with HCP were aged younger than 24months.

Musculoskeletal Disorders and its Associated Risk Factors in Long-distance Truck Drivers from Allahabad, India

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorder ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Occupational driving has often been associated with a high prevalence of pain in the neck, shoulder, wrist/hand, back and knee. The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and associated risk factors among long-distance truck drivers from Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 108 long-distance truck drivers. They were interviewed and examined as per a pre-designed, pre-tested semi-structured interview questionnaire. Results indicate that 78% of long-distance truck drivers had musculoskeletal disorder. The most common symptoms were low back pain (40%) followed by shoulder pain (26%), knee pain (24%), and neck pain (20%). Age, education, addiction, years of work experience, hours of driving were significantly associated with musculoskeletal morbidity (P&lt;0.001). Long-distance truck drivers with continued driving exposure have a high prevalence of a musculoskeletal disorder.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infections among dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries) in North Al-Sharqiya governorate, Sultanate of Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
A.H. Al-Kharusi ◽  
E. I. Elshafie ◽  
K.E. M. Ali ◽  
R. AL-Sinadi ◽  
Baniuraba N. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Trypanosoma evansi is a well-known hemoprotozoa that infects diverse domestic and wild animals worldwide and caused devastating disease called surra. This research aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi and its associated risk factors in dromedary camels in North Al-Sharqiya governorate in the Sultanate of Oman.  A total of 4364 serum samples was collected from three willayat in north governorates of Sultanate of Oman; Ibra (926, 21.2%), Qabil (1119, 25.6%) and Bidiyah (2319, 53.1%). Samples were examined for the presence of antibodies against T. evansi using card agglutination test (CATT/T. evansi). Binary logistic regression was used to study the association of T. evansi seroprevalence and risk factors such as location, gender, purpose and age of camels. The overall seroprevalence of T. evansi detected by CATT/T. evansi test was 38% (1659/4364, CI: 36.6-39.5%). There was a significant difference (p=0.001) between location and T. evansi seroprevalence, whereas highest seroprevalence was found in Ibra (49.9%, CI: 46.7-53.1%) followed by Bidiyah (35%, CI: 33-36.9%) and Qabil (34.5%, CI: 31.8-37%). Camels from Ibra were almost two times more likely to have circulating antibodies of T. evansi than camels from Bidiyah (OR=1.89, CI: 1.591-2.168). Also, the results showed a significant difference between seroprevalence and sex (p=0.023), whereas the age of camels was not (p>0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first research that indicated that T. evansi antibodies were circulating among camels in Oman, and further research needs to be tackled to study the molecular characterization of T. evansi and its prevalence in other animal species. Furthermore, cross-sectional studies of T. evansi from different regions in Oman warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with and without symptoms seeking care in Managua, Nicaragua: results of a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e051836
Author(s):  
Jorge A Huete-Pérez ◽  
Kacey C Ernst ◽  
Cristiana Cabezas-Robelo ◽  
Lucia Páiz-Medina ◽  
Sheyla Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

ObjectiveThis study aimed to capture key epidemiological data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nicaraguan children (≤18 years) seeking medical care, between 6 October and 16 November 2020.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, 418 children were recruited: 319 with symptoms characteristic of COVID-19 and 99 with no symptoms of illness. Children were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. A questionnaire was employed to identify symptoms, risk factors, comorbidities and COVID-19 prevention measures.SettingResearch was carried out in four hospitals and two clinics in Managua, Nicaragua, where schools and businesses remained open throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.ParticipantsChildren were enrolled into a possible COVID-19 group if presenting with clinical symptoms. A comparison group included children lacking any COVID-19 symptoms attending routine check-ups or seeking care for issues unrelated to COVID-19.ResultsA high prevalence (43%) of SARS-CoV-2 infection was found, which was relatively equivalent in symptomatic and non-symptomatic children. Age distribution was similar between symptomatic and non-symptomatic children testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Symptomatic children who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were 2.7 times more likely to have diarrhoea (26.7% in positive vs 12.0% in negative; OR=2.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 4.8), p=0.001) and were 2.0 times more likely to have myalgia (17.8% in positive vs 9.8% in negative; OR=2.0 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.8), p=0.04). Children with COVID-19 symptoms, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, were more likely to be under age 5 years and to have a pre-existing comorbid condition than children who tested positive but did not have symptoms.ConclusionsThis is the first paediatric study to provide laboratory-confirmed data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nicaragua, crucial for paediatric health services planning and a successful COVID-19 response. The high prevalence of the virus suggests widespread and sustained community transmission, underscoring the urgent need for robust data on the true extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout Nicaragua.

scholarly journals Neurocysticercosis in patients with active epilepsy in the tea garden community of Assam, Northeast India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rekha Devi ◽  
Debasish Borbora ◽  
Narayan Upadhyay ◽  
Dibyajyoti Goswami ◽  
S. K. Rajguru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tea Garden ◽  
Active Epilepsy ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Garden Community

AbstractNeurocysticercosis is a significant cause of epilepsy in the tropics. The present cross-sectional survey was conducted in the socioeconomically backward tea garden community of Assam to gauge the prevalence of neurocysticercosis in patients with active epilepsy and to determine the associated risk factors. In a door to door survey, a total of 1028 individuals from every fifth household of the study Teagarden were enrolled to identify self-reported seizure cases, followed by a neurological examination to confirm the diagnosis of active epilepsy. Patients with active epilepsy underwent clinical, epidemiological, neuroimaging (contrast-enhanced computerized tomography) and immunological evaluations to establish the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. Clinically confirmed 53 (5.16%) active epilepsy were identified; 45 agreed to further assessment for neurocysticercosis and 19 (42.2%) cases fulfilled either definitive or probable diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis. Patients with epilepsy due to neurocysticercosis were more likely to suffer from taeniasis (20.0% vs 0.0%), rear pigs (57.9% vs 15.4%) or have pigs in their neighbourhood (78.9% vs 53.8%) relative to epileptic patients without neurocysticercosis. Rearing pigs (aOR 14.35, 95% CI: 3.98–51.75) or having pigs in the neighbourhood (aOR 12.34, 95% CI: 2.53–60.31) were independent risk factors of neurocysticercosis. In this community, the prevalence of taeniasis (adult worm infection) was 6.6% based on microscopy. The study reports a high prevalence of active epilepsy in the tea garden community of Assam and neurocysticercosis as its primary cause. The high prevalence of taeniasis is also a significant concern.

scholarly journals Low back pain and associated risk factors among medical students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Shabbir Ahmed Sany ◽  
Taukir Tanjim ◽  
Md Ikbal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Different studies showed the high prevalence of LBP among medical students. However, no study has been conducted on Bangladeshi medical students to estimate the prevalence of LBP. This study evaluated the prevalence, characteristics, and associated risk factors of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 among randomly selected 270 medical students and medical interns in Faridpur Medical College, Bangladesh, using an online questionnaire. In data analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed, and a p-value of < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: A total of 207 participants responded fully to the survey, and were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 22.36 ± 1.915 years. The point, 6-month, and 12-month prevalence of LBP was 25.6%, 46.9%, and 63.3%, respectively. In most participants, LBP was localized (53.2%), recurrent (64.9%), undiagnosed (70.8%), affected for a short period (55%), and relieved without receiving any treatment (60.4%). Participants who had a significantly higher 12-month prevalence of LBP included females (72.2% vs 52.2%), with BMI >25 kg/m2 (73.2% vs 56.7%), those who performed physical activity at low to moderate frequency (72.4% vs 29.5%), those who spent > 6 hours/day by sitting (71.3% vs 45.3%), and those who did not have enough rest time (92.7% vs 56%). Ergonomic features of chairs, such as having back support, adjustable back support, and adjustable sitting surface, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the outcomes. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh was high, and most of the risk factors associated with the high prevalence of LBP were modifiable. Hence, LBP can be prevented by implementing preventive strategies and providing ergonomic training and physical activity facilities.

scholarly journals Trichomonas vaginalisInfection and Associated Risk Factors in a Socially-Marginalized Female Population in Coastal Peru

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segundo R. Leon ◽  
Kelika A. Konda ◽  
Kyle T. Bernstein ◽  
Jose B. Pajuelo ◽  
Ana M. Rosasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective. The epidemiology ofTrichomonas vaginalisinfection among sexually active socially-marginalized women in three urban, coastal Peruvian cities was examined in order to quantify the prevalence of trichomonas infection and identify associated risk factors.Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, venue-based study of women from socially-marginalized populations in three coastal Peruvian cities.Results. Among the 319 women enrolled, the overall prevalence of trichomonal infection was 9.1% (95% CI, 5.9%–12.3%). The mean age was 26.3 years, and 35.5% reported having had unprotected intercourse with nonprimary partners and 19.8% reported two or more sex partners in the last three months. Trichomonal infection was associated with increased number of sex partners (PR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.6) and unprotected sex with nonprimary partner in the last three months (PR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.9).Conclusions. A moderately high prevalence of trichomonal infection was found among women in our study. Trichomonal infection was associated with unprotected sex and multiple sex partners. Efforts to control the continued spread of trichomonal infection are warranted.

scholarly journals Sleep Disturbance and its Associated Risk Factors among Pakistani Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shah ◽  
Dr. Farooq Hussain ◽  
Azmat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Sleep is increasingly being an integral part of a training routine rather than a stagnant state of inactivity, and as a controllable factor that can modify performance for elite athletes. Athletes report high rates of sleep disturbance especially during intense workloads which directly affects athletic performance and may predispose individuals to injury. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of sleep and the various risk factors associated with it among Pakistani athletes. From February to April 2020, a cross-sectional, multi-center study was conducted involving athletes aged 18 and up, of either gender, from various cities in Pakistan... A validated Urdu version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) instrument was used to identify sleep quality. Out of 205 participants, n=84 athletes were bad sleepers based on PSQI score. Of whom, the majority were males n=75 (89.3%), and having age group of 18-30 years n=71 (84.5%). Binary logistic regression demonstrated no statistically significant association between any of the factor and PSQI score. The study found a disturbing quality of sleep in a considerable number of athletes. Therefore, interventions should be done to improve sleep quality so that the performance of the athletes can be improved.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of refractive errors among medical students in Western Odisha: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Sushree Priyadarsini Satapathy ◽  
Bharati Panda ◽  
Sadhu Charan Panda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

<p><strong>Background:</strong> prevalence of refractive errors among medical students pursing higher studies is very high. Very little data about the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students in western Odisha is available. So, this Present study was undertaken with an objective were to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla, Western Odisha, India and to study the association between various risk factors with the prevalence of refractive errors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduates i.e. (from 1<sup>st</sup> year to final year) students of VIMSAR, Burla for a period of 2 months i.e. February to March 2020 with sample size of 200. A pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed to students. To assess refractive errors among study population auto refractometer was used.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The overall prevalence of refractive errors in our study was 65%. Most common type of refractive error was Myopia i.e. 113 (86.92%) among the medical students followed by Astigmatism (10.77%) and Hypermetropia (2.31%) respectively. It was observed in our present study that the prevalence of refractive errors was highly associated within crease in study duration, use of electronic gadgets such as smartphones and computers and with the presence of family history this group difference was found to be significantly associated with chi-square=9.4183,<strong> </strong>78.9173, 114.235 and 56.1899 respectively with P&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> High prevalence of refractive errors was found among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla which emphasis on the need for routine ophthalmological evaluation and their proper assessment and management.</p>

scholarly journals Altered touch perception and associated risk factors in individuals with diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Andreia Fernandes Noronha ◽  
Cissa Azevedo ◽  
Caroline de Castro Moura ◽  
Elaine Custódio Rodrigues Gusmão ◽  
Ana Carolina Lima Ramos Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nursing Diagnosis ◽  
Touch Perception ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Touch Sensitivity ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of altered touch perception in the feet of individuals with diabetes mellitus and the associated risk factors. Method: Cross-sectional study with 224 individuals with diabetes mellitus conducted in an endocrinology clinic at a public hospital in Campina Grande, Paraíba. The evaluation used touch sensitivity and perception, and a descriptive and multivariate analysis with Poisson regression was performed. Results: We found the prevalence of altered touch perception to be 53.1%. The risk factors that had a significant and joint impact on its occurrence were: female gender; previous ulcer; diabetes mellitus type 2; burning sensation, cracks, fissures, calluses, and Charcot foot. Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of altered perception of touch, and this should support the planning of actions aimed at preventing the problem. The study showed the relevance of the phenomenon as a nursing diagnosis that could be included in NANDA-International.

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