scholarly journals Onchocerca Flexuosa. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Japanese Wild Sika Deer (Cervus Nippon): Pathological and Molecular Identification of Intradermal Worms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Abd elatieff ◽  
Eman Bazaa ◽  
Shahinaz Hussin ◽  
Ituto Yamamoto ◽  
Tokuma Yanai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
The Body ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract More than thirty species of the genus Onchocerca (Nematoda; Filarioidea) were responsible for onchocercosis (a vector-borne parasitic disease) of wild and domestic ungulates. “Between 2016 and 2017”, the presence of Onchocerca flexuosa (Wedl, 1856) was detected and investigated in 17 Japanese Sika deer (Cervus nippon) captured in Gifu and Shiga Prefectures, Japan. The worms were found within characteristics subcutaneous nodules dispersed in different regions of the body of all 17 deer. The all collected nodules were examined stereo-microscopically. The parasites were extracted from the nodules and identified through morphological and histopathological examinations. Molecular identification through sequencing of the following genes; internal transcribed spacer subunit 2 (ITS2)–28S ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (NAD2) were performed. The histopathological, molecular and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that, the filarial nematode isolated from Gifu and Shiga Prefectures in Japan is O. flexuosa. This is the first report about presence of O. flexuosa in Japanese Sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Gifu and Shiga Prefectures.

A new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Yunnan, China and its phylogenetic relationship to other congeners

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4980 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
ADE PRASETYO AGUNG ◽  
L. LEE GRISMER ◽  
JESSE L. GRISMER ◽  
EVAN S. H. QUAH ◽  
ADA CHORNELIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Pairwise Sequence Divergence ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the gekkonid genus Hemiphyllodactylus is described from forested karst hills near Zhutangxiang town, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. Hemiphyllodactylus zhutangxiangensis sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners in morphology and an uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence of greater than 14% based on 1039 base pairs of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (ND2). The new species is defined by the following characters: a maximum SVL of 44.42 mm; 7–9 chin scales; enlarged postmentals; five circumnasal scales; 2–4 internasal scales; 8–11 supralabial scales; 8–11 infralabial scales; subdigital lamellae on fingers II–V (3–5)-(4–6)-(4 or 5)-(4 or 5); subdigital lamellae on toes II–V (4 or 5)-(4 or 5)-(4–6)-(4 or 5); dorsal scales 11–15; ventral scales 5–7; 20–23 continuous femoroprecloacal pores; having pale-grey base color on the body with various darker transverse dorsal blotches; a dark postorbital stripe extending to at least to the base of the neck; no dark dorsolateral or ventrolateral stripe on trunk; and postsacral marking bearing a dark fork-like pattern with anteriorly projecting arms. The new species brings the species total of Hemiphyllodactylus in China to 11. 

Departure from Neutrality at the Mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 Gene in Humans, but Not in Chimpanzees

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A Wise ◽  
Michaela Sraml ◽  
Simon Easteal
Keyword(s):  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 ◽  
Tests Of Neutrality ◽  
Slightly Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Neutral Marker ◽  
Transmembrane Regions ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons

Abstract To test whether patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation are consistent with a neutral model of molecular evolution, nucleotide sequences were determined for the 1041 bp of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene in 20 geographically diverse humans and 20 common chimpanzees. Contingency tests of neutrality were performed using four mutational categories for the ND2 molecule: synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in the transmembrane regions, and synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in the surface regions. The following three topological mutational categories were also used: intraspecific tips, intraspecific interiors, and interspecific fixed differences. The analyses reveal a significantly greater number of nonsynonymous polymorphisms within human transmembrane regions than expected based on interspecific comparisons, and they are inconsistent with a neutral equilibrium model. This pattern of excess nonsynonymous polymorphism is not seen within chimpanzees. Statistical tests of neutrality, such as Tajima's D test, and the D and F tests proposed by Fu and Li, indicate an excess of low frequency polymorphisms in the human data, but not in the chimpanzee data. This is consistent with recent directional selection, a population bottleneck or background selection of slightly deleterious mutations in human mtDNA samples. The analyses further support the idea that mitochondrial genome evolution is governed by selective forces that have the potential to affect its use as a “neutral” marker in evolutionary and population genetic studies.

Questing height of nymphs of the bush tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and its closely related species, H. mageshimaensis: correlation with body size of the host

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. TSUNODA ◽  
S. TATSUZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Vertical Glass ◽  
The Mean

The questing height (i.e. ambush height) of ticks on a plant plays an important role in host selection. To test the hypothesis that the questing height of ticks in a locality had adapted to the body size of the host in that locality, we examined the questing height of nymphs of the ticks, Haemaphysalis longicornis and H. mageshimaensis, at 7 locations in Japan. Sika deer, Cervus nippon, is the primary host of these ticks and there is considerable geographical variation in the body size of sika deer. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the questing height in the field was influenced by the height of the plants and by the body size of deer at a location. However, the questing height of ticks at some locations may have been constrained by the height of the plants and might not be the same as their intrinsic questing height. When ticks were placed in vertical glass tubes in the laboratory, the questing height of ticks from a locality was correlated with the mean body size of deer at that locality. Therefore, the prominent cue determining the questing height of H. longicornis and H. mageshimaensis seems to be the body size of the host deer.

A preliminary molecular analysis of phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of New Zealand Thomisidae (Araneae) using a multi-locus approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Sirvid ◽  
Nicole E. Moore ◽  
Geoffrey K. Chambers ◽  
Kelly Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Rrna Sequence

We tested competing theories on the origins of the New Zealand fauna using thomisid spiders as a model group. These theories can be broadly described as old and vicariant versus young and recent (dispersal). To test these theories, a phylogenetic analysis was undertaken based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 28S rRNA sequence data, with smaller datasets (histone H3, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase subunit 1 and a combined dataset) used to improve resolution of internal branches. The monophyly of New Zealand thomisid subfamilies and of individual taxa were also assessed using these data. Our data supports the separation of New Zealand clades from their Australian counterparts. Evidence of recent dispersal to New Zealand by Australian stephanopines combined with our proposed maximum divergence date of 5.3 mya indicates that the New Zealand thomisids are a younger lineage than previously suspected. Several other gene targets (internal transcribed spacer units 1 and 2, wingless and 18S rRNA) were examined but did not generate sufficient reliable data to contribute to the analysis. Corrected p-distance values for COI indicate that Sidymella angularis, a widely distributed and morphologically variable stephanopine species, is a single taxon. Three undescribed endemic species exhibited molecular and morphological distinctiveness from previously described New Zealand thomisids.

Onchocerca flexuosa. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Japanese Wild Sika Deer (Cervus nippon): Pathological and molecular identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda A. Abd-Ellatieff ◽  
Eman. K. Bazh ◽  
Shahinaz M. Hussin ◽  
Ituto Yamamoto ◽  
Tokuma Yanai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity ofEchinococcus granulosusin Southwest China Determined by the Mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 Gene

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahai Wang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Dandan Hu ◽  
Xiuqin Zhong ◽  
Shuxian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

We evaluated genetic diversity and structure ofEchinococcus granulosusby analyzing the complete mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene in 51 isolates ofE. granulosus sensu strictometacestodes collected at three locations in this region. We detected 19 haplotypes, which formed a distinct clade with the standard sheep strain (G1). Hence, all 51 isolates were identified asE. granulosus sensu stricto(G1–G3). Genetic relationships among haplotypes were not associated with geographical divisions, and fixation indices (Fst) among sampling localities were low. Hence, regional populations ofE. granulosusin the southwest China are not differentiated, as gene flow among them remains high. This information is important for formulating unified region-wide prevention and control measures. We found large negative Fu’s Fs and Tajima’sDvalues and a unimodal mismatch distribution, indicating that the population has undergone a demographic expansion. We observed high genetic diversity among theE. granulosus s. s.isolates, indicating that the parasite population in this important bioregion is genetically robust and likely to survive and spread. The data from this study will prove valuable for future studies focusing on improving diagnosis and prevention methods and developing robust control strategies.

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