Using A Novel Continuous Bioreactor In Enhancing The Biogas Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amui Khorshidi ◽  
Hossein Beiki ◽  
Mojtaba Kanvisi
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Continuous Bioreactor ◽  
Cumulative Volume ◽  
Volumetric Rate

Abstract Background: Since fossil fuels are limited and their burning is considered the main reason for environmental pollution, thinkers in the energy section are looking for a substitute for them. They have considered biogas as a potent replacement. Constant composition and volumetric rate, are ones of the challenges faced in term of using biogas. Therefore, in this study, a novel easily portable continuous bioreactor was designed and constructed to produce biogas at constant composition and volumetric rate, which is suitable for human uses. Sugar beet waste and anaerobic sludge were used as substrate and inoculum with an S/I ratio of 0.5 to 1, to produce biogas. Four parameters, i.e., hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, biogas volume, and methane composition, were measured and compared.Results: The results of the mentioned reactor were compared with those of batch ones. The measurement revealed that the continuous reactor had a good performance on biogas purity and volumetric rate. The biogas contained about 53% methane. The suitable and preferable HRT and organic loading rate (OLR) were 18 days and 34.86 g VS/day. After the 18th day of operation, the biogas production process inside the continuous reactor was stable reaching about 411.2 ml STD/g VS per day.Conclusions: The reactor designed makes the biogas production process more manageable. Besides the production of the cumulative volume of biogas and constant methane percentage was achieved. As a result, the biogas produced is consumed daily, and a certain amount of gas is available every day. Since the percentage of gas produced is constant, it is possible to adjust the gas appliances with this amount of methane.

scholarly journals The Concept of Wastes to Energy Using Sugary Wastes

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Fiza Sarwar ◽  
Wajeeha Malik ◽  
Muhammad Salman Ahmed ◽  
Harja Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract: This study was designed using actual effluent from the sugary mills in an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor to evaluate treatability performance. The reactor was started-up in step-wise loading rates beginning from 0.05kg carbon oxygen demand (COD)/m3-day to 3.50kg-COD/m3-day. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was slowly decreased from 96 hrs to eight hrs. It was observed that the removal efficiency of COD of more than 73% can be easily achieved at an HRT of more than 16 hours corresponding to an average organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.0kg-COD/m3-day, at neutral pH and constant temperature of 29°C. The average VFAs (volatile fatty acids) and biogas production was observed as 560mg/L and 1.6L/g-CODrem-d, respectively. The average methane composition was estimated as 62%. The results of this study suggest that the treatment of sugar mills effluent with the anaerobic technology seems to be more reliable, effective and economical.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7075 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 57-62

Treatment of a chocolate industry wastewater in a pilot-scale low-temperature UASB reactor operated at short hydraulic and sludge retention time

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Esparza-Soto ◽  
O. Arzate-Archundia ◽  
C. Solís-Morelos ◽  
C. Fall
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Sludge Retention Time ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of a 244-L pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor during the treatment of chocolate-processing industry wastewater under low-temperature conditions (18 ± 0.6 °C) for approximately 250 d. The applied organic loading rate (OLR) was varied between 4 and 7 kg/m3/d by varying the influent soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODsol), while keeping the hydraulic retention time constant (6.4 ± 0.3 h). The CODsol removal efficiency was low (59–78%). The measured biogas production increased from 240 ± 54 to 431 ± 61 L/d during the experiments. A significant linear correlation between the measured biogas production and removed OLR indicated that 81.69 L of biogas were produced per kg/m3 of CODsol removed. Low average reactor volatile suspended solids (VSS) (2,700–4,800 mg/L) and high effluent VSS (177–313 mg/L) were derived in a short sludge retention time (SRT) (4.9 d). The calculated SRT was shorter than those reported in the literature, but did not affect the reactor's performance. Average sludge yield was 0.20 kg-VSS/kg-CODsol. The low-temperature anaerobic treatment was a good option for the pre-treatment of chocolate-processing industry wastewater.

Toxicity of Sodium and Potassium Ions on Performance of UASB System

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1105-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seni Karnchanawong ◽  
Kraiwet Kabtum
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of Na+and K+ions on performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system. Three laboratory-scale UASB reactors, 15.8 - l working volume, were employed with 1 reactor operated as control. They were loaded at organic loading rate (OLR) of 5 kg COD/(m3-d), treating synthetic wastewater with COD concentration ~ 5000 mg/l. Na+and K+ions were added in the range of 1010 - 7180 and 41 - 7320 mg/l, respectively. No toxicity was observed at influent Na+and K+concentrations up to 3340 and 2750 mg/l, respectively. Slight inhibitions on COD removal were founded at Na+and K+concentrations of 4610 and 3920 mg/l, respectively, but moderate effect on biogas production had occurred. When Na+and K+concentrations were increased to 7180 and 7320 mg/l, respectively, strong inhibitions were observed with COD removal dropped to 45.5 and 48.8 %, respectively. Ratios of biogas productions, as compared to the control reactor, were dropped to 0.31 and 0.32, respectively. Increasing cation concentrations had more detrimental effect on biogas production than COD removal.

Comparison of start-up of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and a polyurethane carrier reactor

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huub J. Gijzen ◽  
Frank Kansiime
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Start Up ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The start-up and performance of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor and a Polyurethane Carrier Reactor (PCR) was investigated under similar operational conditions. The presence of polyurethane cubes as a carrier material in the PCR resulted in fast reactor start-up due to quick immobilization of methanogenic associations. Start-up of the UASB was slower compared to the PCR, which was mainly reflected in a lower biogas production and acetate degradation efficiency. However, when enough biomass had accumulated in the UASB reactor after 15 weeks of operation, the performance of the two reactors was almost the same in terms of biogas production and volatile fatty acids degradation. Efficient VFA degradation (about 90%) and biogas production (5.2 l/l.d) were achieved at an organic loading rate of 13.2 g/l.d) and HRT of 6 h. When hydraulic retention time was subsequently reduced from 6 to 2 h, the performance of the UASB reactor was better than that of the PCR. The inferior performance of the PCR may have been attributed to channelling of the influent in the reactor at high liquid flow rate.

Hydrogen as a quick indicator of organic shock loading in UASB

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-H. Huang ◽  
G.-H. Huang ◽  
S. Chou ◽  
S.-S. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Raw Wastewater

This study investigates the influence of organic shock loading on H2 production in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. An esterification wastewater produced from a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) manufacturing plant was applied; the major organic pollutants are ethylene glycol and acetaldehyde. Experiments of two influent modes were performed here: a continuous-flow mode with a step input of shock loading and a batch mode with a pulse input of shock loading. Results of the continuous-flow experiments indicate that biogas production parameters such as H2 concentration and biogas production rate are more sensitive than water quality parameters such as pH, ORP, COD and TOC. In particular, H2, increasing by 140% within 1 hour, is a very important index upon the organic shock loading. It changes from 120 ppm to over 600 ppm as the organic loading rate increases from 4.4 to 13.2 kgCOD/m3·day through 4 hours of shock loading. Experiments of the batch shock loading with different pulse dosagesof ethylene glycol, acetaldehyde and the raw wastewater were also investigated. The amount of H2 production increased in proportion to an increase of organic load. Furthermore, the sequence of H2 production among the three types of shock loading is acetaldehyde> ethylene glycol> raw wastewater. To sum up, H2 shows a faster response rate than the other parameters. Therefore, H2 can be adopted as an important parameter for organic shock loading in UASB.

scholarly journals An experimental study on Bio-gas production by anaerobic digestion of RiceMill Wastewater (RMW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Mesophilic Temperature ◽  
Rice Mill Wastewater

<p>With the rising interest for sustainable power source and ecological security, anaerobic digestion of biogas technology has attracted considerable attention within the scientific researchers. This paper proposes a new research achievement on biogas production from Rice Mill Wastewater (RMW) with the utilization of anaerobic digester. An anaerobic digester is maintained with RMW and distillery anaerobic sludge at mesophilic temperature condition for 15 days as stabilization mode. After attaining stabilization stage, studies continued to examine the effect of Organic Loading Rate (OLR) and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) on the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of RMW. The OLR of the anaerobic reactor increased stepwise from 0.25 to 3.91 Kg COD/m3/dayand HRT ranged from 1 to 32.0 days. The total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) utilized was higher than 75% and the CH4 percentage of the biogas was 62.00-63.00% for the OLRs studied. The efficient working volume of the digester is preserved as 25% of distillery anaerobic sludge and 75% of rice mill wastewater, loaded at Mesophilic temperature conditions for study purpose. By changing the conditions of OLR and HRT, biogas production, methane yield and percentage of COD reduction is examined. An anaerobic sludge is utilized as a seeding material to biodegrade the organic pollutants present in the wastewater. It will enhance the biological treatment of effluent with anaerobic sludge in a continuous mode of activity.The result showed that the proposed analysis obtains more biogas production with reduced COD when compared with existing approaches.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of Pre-Hydrolysis on Sewage Treatment in an Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge BLANKET (UASB) Reactor: A Review

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajinikanth Rajagopal ◽  
Mahbuboor Choudhury ◽  
Nawrin Anwar ◽  
Bernard Goyette ◽  
Md. Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process has emerged as a promising high-rate anaerobic digestion technology for the treatment of low- to high-strength soluble and complex wastewaters. Sewage, a complex wastewater, contains 30–70% particulate chemical oxygen demand (CODP). These particulate organics degrade at a slower rate than the soluble organics found in sewage. Accumulation of non-degraded suspended solids can lead to a reduction of active biomass in the reactor and hence a deterioration in its performance in terms of acid accumulation and poor biogas production. Hydrolysis of the CODP in sewage prior to UASB reactor will ensure an increased organic loading rate and better UASB performance. While single-stage UASB reactors have been studied extensively, the two-phase full-scale treatment approach (i.e., a hydrolysis unit followed by an UASB reactor) has still not yet been commercialized worldwide. The concept of treating sewage containing particulate organics via a two-phase approach involves first hydrolyzing and acidifying the volatile suspended solids without losing carbon (as methane) in the first reactor and then treating the soluble sewage in the UASB reactor. This work reviews the available literature to outline critical findings related to the treatment of sewage with and without hydrolysis before the UASB reactor.

scholarly journals Effect of Effluent Recirculation on Biogas Production Using Two-stage Anaerobic Digestion of Citrus Waste

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukitawesa ◽  
Rachma Wikandari ◽  
Ria Millati ◽  
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh ◽  
Claes Niklasson
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Effluent Recirculation ◽  
Citrus Waste

Citrus waste is a promising potential feedstock for anaerobic digestion, yet the presence of inhibitors such as d-limonene is known to limit the process. Effluent recirculation has been proven to increase methane yield in a semi-continuous process for recalcitrant material, but it has never been applied to toxic materials. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of recirculation on biogas production from citrus waste as toxic feedstock in two-stage anaerobic digestion. The first digestion was carried out in a stirred tank reactor (STR). The effluent from the first-stage was filtered using a rotary drum filter to separate the solid and the liquid phase. The solid phase, rich in hydrophobic D-limonene, was discarded, and the liquid phase containing less D-limonene was fed into the second digester in an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. A high organic loading rate (OLR 5 g VS/(L·day)) of citrus waste was fed into the first-stage reactor every day. The effluent of the first-stage was then fed into the second-stage reactor. This experiment was run for 120 days. A reactor configuration without recirculation was used as control. The result shows that the reactor with effluent recirculation produced a higher methane yield (160–203 NmL/g·VS) compared to that without recirculation (66–113 NmL/g·VS). More stable performance was also observed in the reactor with recirculation as shown by the pH of 5–6, while without recirculation the pH dropped to the range of 3.7–4.7. The VS reduction for the reactor with recirculation was 33–35% higher than that of the control without recirculation. Recirculation might affect the hydrolysis-acidogenesis process by regulating pH in the first-stage and removing most of the D-limonene content from the substrate through filtration.

scholarly journals Usage of UASB Reactor to Assess Feasibility of Treatment of Paper Mill Effluent

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
A Arshad ◽  
N.H Hashim ◽  
N Ghazala
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Mesophilic Temperature

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors R-I and R-II, each with an effective volume of 6.0 l were used to study the treatability of actual effluent obtained from paper mills at a mesophilic temperature and neutral pH. Methanol, as a source of an easily biodegradable substance along with activated carbon of effective size 1.5 mm–2.5 mm were added to the reactor R-I to a total depth of 12 cm to evaluate its efficiency. The pH of both the reactors were kept constant at neutral by adding an external buffer solution of 0.03 M NaHCO3 with the feed solution. It was observed that corresponding to an organic loading rate of 3.5 kg-COD/m3-day, the overall chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of the reactors R-I and R-II were 88% and 64%, respectively. The absorbable organic halides removal efficiency was observed to be 72% and 47% for reactorR-I and R-II, respectively. During the study it was however observed that, the treatability efficiency of reactor R-I was comparatively better but the amount of its biogas production was slightly lower than that of R-II. The average biogas production in reactors R-I and R-II during the course of study was observed as 0.33 l/g-CODremoved and 0.42 l/g-CODremoved respectively, with a mean methane composition of 58%–61% in both the reactors. Kinetic coefficients of k, Ks, Y and kd were determined to be 0.7 g-TOC/g-VSS.d, 0.30 g-TOC/l, 0.26 g-VSS/g-TOC and 0.02 day–1 respectively, based on the results obtained from reactor R-I. The results of this study showed that the use of methanol andan activated carbon in a UASB reactor to anaerobically digest the paper mills effluent at a mesophilic temperature and a neutral pH reactor was quite a feasible and viable technique. 

BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE CONCENTRATED DISTILLERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Golub ◽  
M. Potapova ◽  
M. Shinkarchuk ◽  
O. Kozlovets
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash

The paper deals with the waste disposal problem of the alcohol industry caused by the widespread use of alcohol as biofuels. In the technology for the production of alcohol from cereal crops, a distillery spent wash (DSW) is formed (per 1 dm3 of alcohol – 10–20 dm3 DSW), which refers to highly concentrated wastewater, the COD value reaches 40 g O2/dm3. Since the existing physical and chemical methods of its processing are not cost-effective, the researchers develop the processing technologies for its utilization, for example, an anaerobic digestion. Apart from the purification of highly concentrated wastewater, the advantage of this method is the production of biogas and highquality fertilizer. The problems of biotechnology for biogas production from the distillery spent wash are its high acidity–pH 3.7–5.0 (the optimum pH value for the methanogenesis process is 6.8–7.4) and low nitrogen content, the lack of which inhibits the development of the association of microorganisms. In order to solve these problems, additional raw materials of various origins (chemical compounds, spent anaerobic sludge, waste from livestock farms, etc.) are used. The purpose of this work is to determine the appropriate ratio of the fermentable mixture components: cosubstrate, distillery spent wash and wastewater of the plant for co-fermentation to produce an energy carrier (biogas) and effective wastewater treatment of the distillery. In order to ensure the optimal pH for methanogenesis, poultry manure has been used as a co-substrate. The co-fermentation process of DSW with manure has been carried out at dry matter ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7 respectively. It is found that when the concentration of manure in the mixture is insufficient (DSW/manure – 1:1, 1:3), the pH value decreases during fermentation which negatively affects methane formation; when the concentration of manure in the mixture is increased (DSW/manure – 1:5, 1:7), the process is characterized by a high yield of biogas and methane content. The maximum output of biogas with a methane concentration of 70 ± 2% is observed at the ratio of components on a dry matter “wastewater: DSW: manure” – 0,2:1:7 respectively. The COD reduction reaches a 70% when using co-fermentation with the combination of components “wastewater: DSW: manure” (0,3:1:5) respectively.

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